Theory Of Code-switching Research Articles

Code Mixing in the Lyrics of the Song “You Never Know” by Blackpink

This research was a study of language code mixing contained in the lyrics of a song titled “You Never Know” by Blackpink. This study aimed to identify the forms of code mixing contained in the lyrics of the song you never know by black pink, identify the types of code mixing used in the song lyrics, and describe the source language of the code mixing contained in the lyrics of the song. The method used in this study was content analysis, which was a qualitatively oriented technique, usually used to determine the character of documents or to compare them. The conclusion obtained from this study was the forms of code mixing contained in the lyrics of the song You Never Know by Blackpink consisting of inserting words, phrases and clauses. Code mixing in the form of words totaling 8 data, phrases totaling 20 data and clauses totaling 10 data. The type of code mixing used in the lyrics of the song you never know by Blackpink was alternation code mixing. The outer code mixing used was 8 data. The source language contained in the lyrics of the song You Never Know by Blackpink came from English and Korean. The code-mixed from English language was 26 data and Korean was 44 data. Through this research, it can be suggested that further researchers can be developed with the theory of code switching which is closely related to code switching.

Revealing Language Choices in Instagram Ads for Local Beauty Brands

Instagram has now become a fascinating channel for promoting and marketing items. Each business found ways to adopt an array of methods to make its marketing engaging. Nevertheless, in terms of their language choice, this study examines language choice within bilingual Instagram ads, notably for local beauty products, drawing on Fasold's (1984) theory of language choice. It is further supported by Romaine's (1995) theory of code switching and Muysken's (2000) theory of code mixing. This study took a qualitative approach. The study collected data from 10 ad samples spanning the local beauty category. The study demonstrates data points on language choice, starting with several types of code switching (inter-sentential and intra-sentential) and code mixing (insertion, alternation, and congruence). According to this study's findings, intra-sentential switching and insertion were the most popular form language choices. Inter-sentential and alternation were the less prevalent forms.

Learners’ and teachers’ perspectives on the use of code switching in Geography teaching and learning

Language of instruction stands as a crucial element in fostering learners’ comprehension of any subject matter. Prior studies indicate that learners’ limited proficiency in the English language is among the factors influencing their performance in Geography. The present study delved into the impact of code switching in the domain of Lesotho’s geography education, drawing insights from both learners’ and teachers’ viewpoints. Drawing on Hoffmann’s theory of code switching, the study employed explanatory sequential mixed method research design, which involved classroom observations, focus-group interviews as well as in-depth interviews with grade 10 learners and teachers respectively. Findings indicate that code switching in geography education improves learners’ comprehension by improving their proficiency in subject-specific terminology. However, an over-reliance on code switching must be avoided as learners can lose their ability to employ geography vocabulary. This study suggests that the Lesotho Education Language Policy could be revised to include the selective use of mother tongues in teaching and learning.

Developing Flexible Musicianship: Insights from Code-Switchers

Much like an effective speaker, a flexible musician is competent across multiple settings. The sociolinguistic theory of code-switching can be a useful tool to better understand how musicians acquire a set of skills and knowledge to support music-making in a range of activities in and outside of school and throughout society. In this article, readers learn about the specific skills and knowledge musical code-switchers rely on the most when moving among a diverse range of musical events. This article includes examples of how code-switching experiences can improve music classes, lessons, and rehearsals and support meaningful independent music-making.

Language Blending in Tanzanian Adverts: Codeswitching between Swahili, English, and Kiswahili cha Mtaani

This study interrogates the strategic use of code-switching involving Standard Swahili, English, and Kiswahili cha Mtaani in audio-visual advertisements by telecommunication companies (Telecos) in Tanzania. A purposive sampling method was used to gather the data: codeswitched advertisements for the purpose of demonstrating the blending of codes. The data on advertisement was gathered from audio-visual advertisements by selected Telecos in Tanzania on social media platforms. Underpinned by theories of codeswitching, this study establishes that beyond codeswitching between Kiswahili and English as a language choice for advertising by Telecos in Tanzania, an emerging trend is the use of codeswitching between Standard Kiswahili and Kiswahili cha mtaani (an urban youth variety of Kiswahili); also, some adverts feature three-way codeswitching involving Standard Kiswahili, English and Kiswahili cha mtaani. The study further argues that codeswitching in the advertisements is carefully thought of, intentionally blending the languages in a strategic way to attract customers from different linguistic, economic, and sociological backgrounds as well as different age groups, making this kind of codeswitching distinct from codeswitching which occurs in natural conversation.

CODE-SWITCHING IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM

Code-switching is one of sociolinguitics phenomenon when a a speaker of bilingual or multilingual switch from a language to another one. The research aims to figure out types of teacher’ code-switching in the teaching and learning process in English class. The study applied a case study of qualitative descriptive research. The participant of the research was an English teacher at a state Islamic school in Sumedang. Observation and interview were used to collect the research data, and the data were analyzed based on code-switching theory proposed by Poplack (1980). The study revealed that (1) teacher applied three types of code switching, namely: intrasentential code switching, inter-sentential code switching, and tag switching; (2) the most frequently used types of code switching used was intrasentential code switching followed by inter sentential code switching and tag switching. Code switching is used by the teacher to reduce either students' misunderstanding of the lesson or their difficulty understanding the English lesson offered by the English teachers in the classroom

Mixing adjectives

AbstractHow do bilinguals mix adjectives and nouns from two languages with a word order conflict at the boundary between them? Prominently competing theories of code-switching (CS) that appeal to abstract features or to a matrix language remain in a stalemate, since their predictions have been reported to mostly coincide. Here, we contribute data from northern New Mexico bilingual community members who switch between Spanish and English in both directions. Beyond the NP-internal mixes within the purview of the theories, the widened data set encompasses all relevant mixes and positions: every adjective or associated noun at the boundary with the other language. We thus assess lone-item and multi-word mixing types, distinguishing also between multi-word CS at different points of the NP. Multi-word CS at the adjective-noun boundary is indeed rare. These bilinguals choose CS after the determiner with prenominal modifiers in English adjective-noun pairs, as previously observed, and at the external NP boundary. Furthermore, they disproportionately prefer the shared predicative position. Accounting for all adjective mixes, the Variable Equivalence hypothesis proposes that, where cross-language equivalence is not consistent due to language-internal variability, bilinguals prefer CS at alternative syntactic boundaries that are consistently equivalent and more frequent in their combined linguistic experience.

ALIH KODE DALAM PENGENALAN BAHASA INGGRIS ANAK USIA DINI

This study aims to determine the use of code-switching in the introduction of English in TK and KB Swasti Karya, Megati Village, Tabanan Regency, Bali. The factors causing the use of code-switching are also one of the aim in this research. This research is a qualitative descriptive study in which the researcher analyzes the speech of teachers and children in the introduction to English class in TK and KB Swasti Karya. There are 4 teachers and 59 children are divided into TK and KB groups. The instrument used is a list of observation guidelines, interviews, and documentation. An in-depth analysis was carried out on the utterances using the code-switching theory by Poplack (2001). The results of this study found 18 utterances indicated code-switching. A total of 7 utterances are categorized in insertion (intra-sentential code-switching), and 11 utterances are categorized in alternation (inter-sentential code-switching). Meanwhile, the category of congruent lexicalization was not found in this study. Then the factors that influence the use of this code-switching are (1) to convey meaning effectively when facing difficulties in conveying meaning, (2) making communication more inclusive or closer to certain students/groups/etc, (3) improve students' understanding when they have not achieved the learning objectives, (4) to convey meaning or understanding contextually, (5) for meaning or understanding, (6) helping to help learners of English as a Foreign Language for bilingual children.

Alih Kode Dan Campur Kode Dalam Video Blogger Suki Suka Japan

This research is entitled "Code-switching and code-mixing in the video blogger Suki Suka Japan". The purpose of this research is to represent the factors that cause and types of the process of code-switching and code-mixing on the video blogger Suki Suka Japan. This study uses three theories, namely the theory of code-switching (Wardhaugh); code-mixing theory (Hoffmann), and the theory that causes code-mixing (Weinrich). The research method is discriptive analysis with an approach using listening techniques and note-taking techniques. Data were analyzed using agih and tapping methods as well as informal. The results showed that there were 3 types of metaphorical code-switching data and two types of situational code-switching data. In the code-mixing data, there are 2 pieces (code-mixing in sentences), 3 pieces (mixing code in lexical), and 1 pieces (mixing code in phonological).

Code Mixing and Code Switching in Movie Murder on the Orient Express by Kenneth Branagh

This research aims to identify types of code-switching and code-mixing found in some of “Murder on The Orient Express” movie dialogues and utterances. The source of the data in this research is the dialogue in Murder on The Orient Express movie. To achieve the aims of this research; the researcher uses the descriptive qualitative research method. This study uses the code-switching theory of Wardhaugh (1986) and code-mixing theory of Suwito (1983). There are two types of code-switching consisting of metaphorical code-switching and situational code-switching and two types of code-mixing consisting of outer code-mixing and inner code-mixing. From the results of this study, the authors found 50 data of code-mixing and code-switching and as many as 4 or 8% metaphorical code-switching data, 2 or 4% situational code-switching data. The author also found 44 or 88% outer code-mixing data, and 0 or 0% inner code-mixing data. The research’s result shows that the dominant form of code-switching and code-mixing is metaphorical code-switching and outer code-mixing.

Penerapan Prinsip Kerja Sama Pada Tuturan Yang Mengandung Alih Kode Dalam Komunikasi Karyawan Biro Perjalanan Wisata Di Kabupaten Badung, Bali

This research determine the application of the principles of cooperation behind the communication of Travel Agents employees in Badung. This research used theory of cooperation principles by Grice and code switching theory by Wardhaugh. The methods and techniques used in data collection are observation methods and tapping techniques. For data analysis are descriptive qualitative methods and descriptive techniques. The data presentation stage used an informal method. The results obtained in this research are 5 pieces of data including the type of situational code switching. In this research was found that 1 data on the application of the maxim of quantity, 1 data as a form of application of the maxim of quality, 1 data on the application of the maxim of relevance, 1 data on the application of the maxim of relevance, and 1 data on the application of the maxim of implementation.

Investigation of code-switching cost in conversation and self-paced reading tasks

Aims and objectives: Studies of code-switching (CS) in bilingual speakers using laboratory tasks have been equivocal on whether CS is cognitively demanding. The goal of this study was to examine time costs at the juncture of a CS in a more ecologically valid experimental paradigm. Methodology: English (L1)–French (L2) bilingual speakers performed two tasks. The primary experimental task was a novel paradigm that elicited voluntary code-switches in conversation with a bilingual interlocutor. A silent self-paced reading task was used to compare with a laboratory task with involuntary switches. Data and analysis: Intersyllabic durations (conversation task) and reading times (reading task) were analyzed. CS cost was the time difference between code-switches and matched non-switches. Cost-switching costs for each switch direction (English-to-French and French-to-English) and type of switch (alternations and insertions) were also compared. Findings: Code-switches in conversation were associated with a time cost, and the magnitude was comparable in both directions although speakers more frequently switched from French-to-English. In self-paced reading, switching costs were observed only for switches into the dominant language. Across both tasks, there were no differences in CS time cost between insertions and alternations. Originality: This study reports a novel measure of CS costs in conversation, intersyllabic duration, and provides a cross-task comparison in the same group of bilingual speakers to better inform theories of CS. Implications: Bilingual speakers experience a time cost when making voluntary switches in conversations. The symmetrical switch costs suggest that both languages have similar activation levels throughout the conversation, and the cognitive costs arise from the act of momentarily switching languages, irrespective of their dominance. In self-paced reading, cognitive costs arise from disturbing the status quo of relative activation-inhibition of each language adopted to perform the task. The comparable CS time cost for insertions and alternations suggests similar cognitive control and linguistic planning mechanisms for both types of switches.

Pedagogical Application of Appalachian English Conducted in the Classroom

In the course of second language teaching, teachers often encounter students with different cultural backgrounds with different dialects. In order to demonstrate the process of dialect teaching, the study selects a specific English dialect which is Appalachian English by conducting some background research with its history, grammatical features, relationship to standard English. The research also involves the code-switching theory to explore the influence of social identity on dialect. According to the investigation, a 45-minute lesson plan is created centering around Appalachian dialect involving grammatical component, literary component and writing component. The design of the lesson conducts multi-genre aspects such as letter and short story to explore the details of writing assignments. It is suggested that English instructors may consider the selection and influencing factors of dialects in class.

Alih Kode dalam Tuturan Penjual dan Pembeli di Pasar Pusat Jalan Hos Cokroaminoto Kelurahan Sukaramai Kota Pekanbaru


 
 
 
 As social beings, humans need tools in the form of language in interacting and socializing. The diversity of regional languages scattered throughout Indonesia is a general description of the wealth of the Indonesian people, which has a personality and elegance in its different variations. Code switching events can also occur in the form of oral and written communication. In oral communication, code switching events are usually carried out consciously by the speaker, whereas in written communication, code switching events are usually carried out with the life experience of an author. Code switching is a transition event from one code to another. If a speaker initially uses code A (for example Indonesian) and then switches to using code B (for example Javanese). This study examines two problems, namely (1) what are the types of code switching in the speeches of sellers and buyers in the Central market of Jalan Hos Cokroaminoto, Sukaramai Village, Pekanbaru City? and (2) what are the factors that cause code switching in the speeches of sellers and buyers at the Central market of Jalan Hos Cokroaminoto, Sukaramai Village, Pekanbaru City ?. The theory used in this research is the code switching theory put forward by Abdul Chaer and Leoni Agustina (2010) and Kunjana Rahardi (2010). The research approach that the author uses is a qualitative approach. The method used in this research is the content analysis method. Form the data that the authors obtained during the research conducted at the central market Jalan Hos Cokroaminoto Kelurahan Sukarama Pekanbaru city none of the external code switching data was found, all speeches between thr seller and the buyer are only contained in the internal code transfer, namely form Indonesian into Minang, Minang into Indonesian,Indonesian into javanese, javanese into Indonesian, Indonesian into Malay, and Malay into Indonesian. (2) factors that cause code switching in the speech of sellers and buyers at the Central market Jalan Hos Cokroaminoto Village Sukaramai City Pekanbaru has 8 the details are as follows : (a) the seller's annoyance to the buyer, (b) the buyer’s annoyance to the buyer to the seller, (c) the buyer has a hidden purpose, (d) the seller wants to match the code used by the buyer, (e) expression of surprise on the part of the buyer, (f) the presence of other potential buyers during the conversation, (g) the seller wants to pretend with the buyer (does not exist), and (h) the seller wants to joke with the buyer. These factors are dominated by the seller wants to match the code used by the buyer.
 
 
 

Multilingualism, Trauma, and Liminality in The Bullet Collection: Contact Zones, Checkpoints, and Liminal Points

Informed by theories of code-switching, memory, and trauma, my reading of Lebanese American Patricia Sarrafian Ward's diasporic novel The Bullet Collection (2003) centers on its multilingual usages to demonstrate how language play makes visible states of liminality or in-betweenness: between Lebanon and the US, the past and the present, the present and the future, childhood and adulthood, and trauma and recovery. I argue that this liminality, laid bare by a creative interpretation of the (mis)- and (dis)uses of multilingualism, is a concept that ties trauma, nostalgia, and homeness together and is fleshed out in three psychodynamic spaces: social contact zones, checkpoints, and liminal points. I zero in on code-switched materials, both overt and covert, to reveal how they are deeply, if often inconspicuously, connected to expressing traumas and (re)negotiating identities. By adopting this approach, I contribute, first, to the field of literary linguistics, relatively under-explored in connection with Arab American and Anglophone Arab fiction, and, second, chart a new pathway towards decolonizing trauma studies by examining its relationships with multilingualism, war, and nostalgia.

Code Play as Translingual Practice

Abstract The study starts with the definition of local, translocal, and global linguistic context in the digital space. Facebook as a social media platform provides opportunities for everyday digital literacy practices such as code play. Code play allows mixing codes and repertoires usually with a humorous reference. We argue that creative interaction among languages creates the methodological need for a translingual approach besides the traditional code-switching theory to explain online linguistic phenomena. Adopting a netnographic approach, this paper presents two participants’ linguistic history, online linguistic practices, and perceptions of their own digital literacy, exploring their portrayal of (multi)linguistic identity which has local, translocal, and global resonance. The paper exploits possibilities of code play to accomplish communicative goals through code-switching and translingualism with a linguistically diverse audience.

Code-switching in teaching English subject for EFL students

This study aims to find the types of code-switching employed by the lecturers in the teaching-learning process of EFL students and also to find the functions of the use of code-switching employed by the lecturers for teaching EFL students in ITB STIKOM Bali. The data source of this study was the interview transcribes of the lecturers who teach English subjects in ITB STIKOM Bali. They were interviewed regarding the use of code-switching in teaching EFL students. The theory of code-switching was used in this study and the results of the previous researches in the same areas were also used as the literature review. The finding shows that the situational and metaphorical types of code-switching were employed by the lecturer in the teaching-learning process. However, the situational type of code-switching was dominantly employed by the lecturers in the teaching-learning process. Another result was regarding the function of the code-switching that employed by the lecturer. It was found that the function of code-switching as a translation frequently employed by the lecturer. It is hoped this study can give information to the lecturer and teacher regarding the topic of code-switching.   &nbsp

Functions of Code-Switching in a Private Chat on Facebook

Code switching is a significant language feature of the multilingual countries like Pakistan. The term code switching refers to the shift from one language to another. The main objective of this research is to explore the communicative functions of code switching by multilingual Sindhi speaking wife and husband in an inbox chat on Facebook. Applying the qualitative methodology, the data of one year chat was collected and varieties of functions using code switching theory of Blom and Gumperz (1972) as the theoretical framework. The findings of the study elucidate that Sindhi educated multilingual heavily utilize code switching for various communicative purposes like indexing identity, quotation, rephrasing, selfcorrection, metalinguistic, reported speech, idiomatic expressions, translation, expressing anger, humour, and euphemistic expressions in order to achieve their communicative goals.

English Education Master’s Program Students’ Perceptions on the Use of Code-Switching in EFL Classroom Context

This paper investigated some factors influencing the use of code-switching in foreign/second language learning processes. Code-switching is related to the shift between the first and second languages done by the speakers in conversational contexts. Based on the theories of code-switching, second language learners frequently apply their first language when communicating with others in order to deliver the messages clearly, maintain group solidarity, and avoid unintended misunderstandings. Data were collected through a classroom survey and interviews with 12 English Education Master’s Program students of Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta. Qualitative content analysis was applied to obtain clearer interpretations. The results showed the lecturers and students utilized code-switching more sensibly in the second language classroom context. Further, code-switching will be better to be implemented in informal social interactions rather than foreign/second language classroom settings since it will hamper EFL learners’ success in attaining more fruitful target language competencies.

Typology of Code Switching Functions in the Space of a Literary Text (Based on the Novel Shantaram by G. D. Roberts)

The article is devoted to the study of code switching mechanisms in terms of language contacts in the space of literary texts. It considers the main concepts of the code switching theory. The research focuses on the classification of code switching functions in the space of a literary text (based on the novel Shantaram by G. D. Roberts). The relevance of the study is determined by the usage of modern literary text as a research material. The literary text is at the same time a product of “artistic communication in the culture of post-literacy” [1, 57] and a linguistic object that represents the literary norms of various languages, as well as dialects and colloquial forms of the languages presented. The article highlights the causes and goals of using various codes within the framework of a single communicative act in bilingual speech. As a result, the functional and linguistic features of code switching are analyzed and various classifications are described.
 Keywords: code, code switching, multilingualism, language contacts, communicative act