Beautiful Theory Research Articles

Kvantinės estetikos refleksija Algio Mickūno kosmoso filosofijoje

Quantum Aesthetics phenomenon was formed in Spain, at the end of the twentieth centure. The paper analyzes this movement in the context of Algis MickÅ«nas phenomenological cosmic philosophy. Movement initiator is a Spanish novelist Gregorio Morales. The study is divided into two parts: the first part presents aesthetic principles of the quantum, relationship between new aesthetics and theories of quantum mechanics, physics and other sciences. The paper also examines the similarities of quantum aesthetics and New Age movements. The second part presents cosmic - phenomenological reflection of quantum theory of beauty. MickÅ«nas philosophical position combines theory of "eternal recurrence", "the bodily nature of consciousness", "the cosmic dance", theory of "dynamic fields" and quantum approach to aesthetics and the Universe. Summa Summarum he writes that "the conception of quantum aesthetics is involved in the composition of the rhythmic, cyclical and mood dimensioned and tensed world". Â

Beautiful theory collides with smashing particle data

Beautiful theory collides with smashing particle data

Grasping the spirit in nature: Anschauung in Ørsted’s epistemology of science and beauty

The intersection between art, poetry, philosophy and science was the leitmotif which guided the lives and careers of romantic natural philosophers including that of the Danish natural philosopher, H. C. Ørsted. A simple model of Ørsted’s career would be one in which it was framed by two periods of philosophical speculation: the youth’s curious and idealistic interest in new attractive thoughts and the experienced man’s mature reflections at the end of his life. We suggest that a closer look at the epistemological aspects of his works on the theory of beauty reveals a connection between this late work and his early philosophical work including experimental philosophy, but also with the work in teaching and textbook writing, that lies in between. The latter includes Ørsted’s view on the application of mathematics in natural philosophy as well as his failed attempt at a genetic presentation of elementary geometry.

<em>Art and the British Empire</em>, edited by Tim Barringer, Geoff Quilley, and Douglas Fordham

Reviewed by: Art and the British Empire Peter H. Hoffenberg (bio) Art and the British Empire, edited by Tim Barringer, Geoff Quilley, and Douglas Fordham; pp. xx + 442. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 2007, £60.00, £25.00 paper, $94.00, $50.00 paper. The twenty essays in this edited volume are the products of a 2001 conference on "Art and the British Empire" held at the Tate. That impressive gathering and this subsequent award-winning text brought together a community of scholars pursuing the uneasy trinity of "Art," "Empire," and "British" within various geopolitical and chronological contexts and shaped by interests in different artistic genres and cultural questions. Each essay responds to the editors' claims that "empire remains an unspoken presence, stalking the museums' picture stores and haunting the footnotes of journals and monographs" (4). The contributors' individual and collective efforts ensure that empire's presence is no longer unspoken—rather than stalking, it is front and center. This beautifully illustrated text provides delightful and often brilliant insights into landscapes, the picturesque, portraiture, and photographs from South Africa, British North America, Australia, South Asia, and Jamaica on one hand, and individual artists, homoexoticism, miniatures, and perspectives on the other. In most cases, these two trajectories work well together, as they do with the nearly one hundred and fifty illustrations, many in rich color. The content of this study might be too much or too disparate for some readers, but no reader will close the book without finding at least several of the chapters provocative, encouraging further research. That will be true for artists, art historians, and others interested in issues often held within the portfolios of cultural history and both cultural and material studies. Some of the chapters will also be useful for undergraduate and graduate courses on the histories of the British Empire and of the visual arts, as well as of the more specific regions and genres. How does one approach this ambitious project? How might one read this bold text? Before embarking on individual chapters of interest, if not the entire corpus, I recommend the editors' formal introduction, John MacKenzie's essay in The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire (1996), and Jeffrey A. Auerbach's essay in The Oxford History of the British Empire, Volume V: Historiography (1999). These relatively short pieces will provide a sense of the state of play in the study of art and of artists in the history of the British Empire, as well as of the choices that the editors were required to make. Perhaps the most significant decision was to publish a work that does not offer a linear narrative of a particular type of art or place, but rather a series of case studies encouraging different linear narratives or providing moments in the more traditional ones. This volume is a sincere attempt to bring art, literary, cultural, and representational theories to bear on works of art. Hence, the bibliography includes Partha Mitter and W. J. T. Mitchell, significant figures in that theoretical enterprise. For the serious student of art—for example, students of the art of landscape painting or of South Asian sculpture—the references to their works will be more reassuring than the expected references to Edward Said and Homi Babha. Theorists of the visual arts helpfully inform us that art, literature, and culture are not the same, even if they are intertwined. Theories of culture and representation are most helpful when venturing into the realm of formal art when considerations and appreciations of specific artistic genres, creative contexts, and theories of beauty or aesthetics are included. Sometimes a bit of Nikolaus Pevsner is a good thing. [End Page 584] The volume's approaches to art and art history call upon traditional scholarship together with contributions from the fields of postcolonialism, gender studies, and the new imperial history. Thus, the useful bibliography also includes the works of Bernard Smith, Antoinette Burton, and Nick Thomas, as well as biographical reflections and considerations of center-periphery tensions. Not surprisingly, what counts as art is broadly defined; essays on painting will neither surprise nor disappoint, but many will be surprised and pleased by serious considerations of photography...

Furnishing the Eighteenth Century: What Furniture Can Tell Us about the European and American Past , and: Behind Closed Doors: At Home in Georgian England (review)

Reviewed by: Furnishing the Eighteenth Century: What Furniture Can Tell Us about the European and American Past, and: Behind Closed Doors: At Home in Georgian England Barrett Kalter (bio) Dena Goodman and Kathryn Norberg, eds. Furnishing the Eighteenth Century: What Furniture Can Tell Us about the European and American Past. New York and London: Routledge, 2007. x+246pp. US$69.95. ISBN 978-0-415-94953-8. Amanda Vickery . Behind Closed Doors: At Home in Georgian England. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. xviii+382pp. US$45. ISBN 978-0-300-15453-5. The twelve strong essays collected in Furnishing the Eighteenth Century illuminate the circuits of production and consumption that moved furniture and decorative objects from city to countryside, back and forth across the Atlantic, as well as the social pressures that imbued those objects with significance. The first of four thematically organized sections maps the global itinerary of materials and styles. Madeleine Dobie's terrific essay studies the use of luxury woods from French colonies in the West Indies to construct furniture in an Orientalist style. She argues that the exotic guise of the furniture concealed from metropolitan consumers the slave economy that supplied them. Chaela Pastore discusses the vogue for mahogany; though the wood grew in Saint Domingue, Creoles who bought mahogany furniture were criticized for mimicking the elites in France who wanted to monopolize this luxury as a token of national and racial purity. David Porter's chapter returns to the topic of Orientalism by way of a treatise on aesthetics by William Hogarth. Chinoiserie exemplified the features that Hogarth claimed had universal appeal (for example, novelty, asymmetry, and femininity), yet the style repelled him. Porter shows that the Chinese style was often satirized as a source of female pleasure that displaced men; its connotations thus undermined the heterosexual dynamic implicit in Hogarth's theory of beauty. While Pastore and Porter examine efforts to regulate fashion, the second set of essays profile people who carried fashions across [End Page 427] geographical and social boundaries. Natacha Coquery reconstructs the business of a Parisian upholsterer whose trade in second-hand goods broadened access to high-end fashions. With the help of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, Vermont woodworker James Wilson produced the first globes for sale in the new Republic. David Jaffee records Wilson's achievement as an instance of "Village Enlightenment," whereby cosmopolitan knowledge was introduced to the provinces by commerce (81). Jaffee complicates the centre-periphery model of diffusion, though, by showing how American artisans often adapted English styles to local tastes and thereby signalled their nation's independence. Kathryn Norberg analyzes the ways in which courtesans appropriated features from aristocratic interiors in order to create the novel and seductive environments in which they plied their trade. The third section of the volume continues this investigation of the domestic interior with Donna Bohanan's discussion of noble houses in provincial France. The decoration of these homes closely resembled those in Paris and Versailles, a consequence, Bohanan argues, of a change in laws that deepened the division between old and new aristocracy by taxing the latter more heavily. Goaded by this check to their aspirations, parvenus in the provinces embraced the elite style emanating from the court and city to assert the authenticity of their rank. Anyone who has ploughed straight through the museum galleries devoted to ceramic dinnerware, bored by so much sameness, should definitely read Mimi Hellman's compelling semiotic analysis of the matched set. Hellman argues that seriality would have been alluring prior to industrialization, given the difficulty of manufacturing apparently identical objects by hand. The matched set was priced beyond the reach of most consumers, but for those who could afford them, their multiplicity provided a pleasing sense of continuity and order. The meuble, a matched set of furniture, could unite a group of people while signalling differences in status among them, depending on the type of chair one sat on and its position in the room. Mary Salzman suggests that a pair of eighteenth-century paintings taught people to interpret interiors in just this way. Noting a standard reading of the objects in Jean-François de Troy's The Garter and The Declaration...

Can Antitumor Immunity Help to Explain “Oncogene Addiction”?

"Oncogene addiction" refers to the process of tumor cell death that can occur after inactivation of a single oncogene. In this issue of Cancer Cell , Rakhra et al. argue that complete tumor clearance after molecular targeted therapies requires a functioning immune system, pointing the way toward radically new combination therapies.

Past and Future Perfect? Beauty, Affect and Hope

This article engages with and draws on what have been called two recent “turns” in feminist theory: to beauty and to affect. While much feminist research has concentrated on the beauty industry, where beauty is conceived as a series of economic, social and cultural practices, the authors suggest that beauty should also be understood as an embodied affective process. The authors’ focus is on understanding the conceptions of beauty that emerged in their own empirical work with white British girls and mestiza Mexican women. The authors suggest that for the girls and women in their research, beauty is an inclination towards a perfected temporal state which involves processes of displacement to the past and of deferral to the future. The authors draw on Colebrook’s discussion of the relationship between feminist theory and philosophies of aesthetic beauty, and on Lauren Berlant’s notions of “cruel optimism” and “aspirational normalcy”, and argue that beauty can be seen as an aspiration to normalcy that is, simultaneously, optimistic and cruel. Beauty is seemingly characterised by its inability “to be” in the present and is thus positioned as temporalities that have passed or have yet to come. Through these displacements and deferrals, beauty is understood as both specific and imaginary, and as promising and depressing. Following on from such a conception of beauty, the authors make a distinction between optimism and hope, and argue that while, in Berlant’s terms, optimism is that which is cruel, hope might involve a different way of thinking about how beauty might be experienced in and as the present.

Topological, statistical, and dynamical origins of genetic code: Comment on “A colorful origin for the genetic code: Information theory, statistical mechanics and the emergence of molecular codes” by T. Tlusty

How has the genetic code evolved to link genetic sequences to corresponding amino acids? Why are only 20 amino acids used from 64 possible triplet codes when forming proteins? Since the discovery of codons, these two questions have been integral to evolutionary biology, and addressed by distinguished biologists. For example, a beautiful theory by Crick et al. [1] to explain the number 20 from the optimal code without stopping symbol (comma) was selected as the most elegant ‘wrong’ theory ever to be proposed in science by Maynard-Smith [2]. Later on, Crick himself described the ‘universal’ genetic code as luck with the ‘frozen accident’ in the common ancestor of living organisms [3]. In the present paper [4], the author presented a statistical-physics based explanation for the evolution of the genetic code by using a more sophisticated mathematical theory than that of Crick et al. Topological and information-theoretic approaches were adopted by imposing the optimization of a certain quantity that consists of diverse amino acids, errortolerance and minimal energy cost. A second-order phase transition from random to non-random mapping between codons and amino acids was found to coincide with changes in this quantity. This resembles known behavior in magnetic spin systems, which is analogous to the error-catastrophe seen in chemical evolutions [5]. Furthermore, the author introduced the topology of the codon graph determining the lowest modes of the graph-Laplacian and related it to the mathematical map coloring problem. By removing the ambiguity in the third position of the codon and considering the optimization process under this topological constraint, the maximum number of amino acids to be coded is predicted to be 25. This is an elegant theory that can be experimentally verified.

Typically-correct derandomization

A fundamental question in complexity theory is whether every randomized polynomial time algorithm can be simulated by a deterministic polynomial time algorithm (that is, whether BPP=P). A beautiful theory of derandomization was developed in recent years in attempt to solve this problem. In this article we survey some recent work on relaxed notions of derandomization that allow the deterministic simulation to err on some inputs. We use this opportunity to also provide a brief overview to some results and research directions in "classical derandomization".

FRONTLINE—Cross-Cultural Aspects of Beauty

The ever changing concept of beauty is elusive, surrounds us from birth and permeates our daily lives. This concept of beauty is affected by personal, interpersonal, cultural, and political issues. Arts and sciences have tried to define it to no avail as it continues to evolve. Human beings can recognize attractiveness in the other from an early age. Some favor culture as the reason behind this recognition believing that beauty and attractiveness in the other is a learned concept. Others favor an inborn capacity that allows human beings from very early to differentiate among what can be considered attractive versus unattractive in others’ faces (Etcoff, 2000). Even if we learn or are born to differentiate facial characteristics in others from an early age, an aspect that would facilitate attachment to the care taker, the meaning of such capacity for differentiation is still acquired in the context of interpersonal relationships. By the time human beings develop the capacity to determine their own concept of beauty and its influence on personality development, they have already been exposed to personal, interpersonal, political, and cultural concepts of beauty that can affect their sense of selfworth in a deep and at times immovable manner. It is this last aspect of beauty that we will explore in these papers. In the first of these articles, Ruth Lijtmaer introduces the concept of beauty by discussing it in the context of human aging, culture, and theories of beauty. Her concise review of pertinent literature frames the theoretical and clinical discussion of her patient’s personal struggle to try to resolve her inner conflicts through the beautification of her physical self with the help of plastic surgery. Maternal deprivation, competition with a “beautiful sibling,” and responsibility for the care of aging parents were among the dynamic issues that highlighted the treatment. Slow but steady exploration of such conflicted interpersonal relationships in the context of a sensitive therapeutic relationship allowed for

The Beauty and the Beast Inside: The American Beauty—Does Cosmetic Surgery Help?

American society's feminine ideal has consistently emphasized youth as beauty and getting old as ugly. Feeling unattractive produces several intrapsychic conflicts leading to depression and anxiety. Summary of the literature on beauty and aging, beauty and culture, and theories of physical beauty will be presented. With a clinical example of a female patient, the writer investigates the conscious and unconscious fantasies, conflicts, and sense of self inside and outside that impelled a physically beautiful female patient to bring her own body closer to her perception of idealized beauty with the aid of plastic surgery.

From the Editor-in-Chief’s Desk: Feelings, Work, and Beautiful Theory: Toward Engaging the Hearts and Minds of Employees and Employers

At the Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, we encourage all kinds of submissions. I speak in this editorial of the value of theory—the beauty of theory—and of theoretical contributions, although I am also a firm believer in empirical, methodological, and dialectical contributions as well. At the Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, we try our best to keep our minds open to what is new and what is possible from learning from what is new about the world of work and employment. One way to do this is to revisit our ideas about theory and how it might help us in our scholarly work. Theory offers us a possible explanation for the “how” and “why” of social life. However, it is capable of much more than that. I share Gagliardi’s (1999) and Dutton’s (2003) belief that theory can be beautiful: it can give rise to intense aesthetic experiences and be moving because of that potential, and it is what we need to breathe life into our organizations and places of work. When we engage emotions when doing research, we are likely to engage the reader’s heart and mind. Weick (1999) has previously noted that the most powerful ideas come when emotion plays a central role and that such ideas become all the more striking because emotion is so often lacking in the theory that currently dominates organizational, employment, and workplace research. Weick claims that the theories that matter most are those that have emotional resonance. I agree. Frost (1999) confirms this view, arguing that emotional resonance comes from the inclusion of feelings in the substance of theories and from the inclusion of materials that evoke those feelings (Frost 1999, 2003; Weick 1999, p. 134). It is these theories—those that rely on ideology and aesthetic communication, rather than just facts, logic, and demonstration—that are more likely to positively influence organizational habits and practices (Gagliardi 1999). It is beautiful theory that has possibilities to change our places of work. As scholars concerned about employee responsibilities and rights, it is incumbent upon us, I believe, to think about theory in every way that can promote new knowledge. We need to find ways to work with, and develop, more beautiful theory to assist us in our quest. Theory empowers organizational actors when it spurs their imagination, points out new opportunities and outcomes, unveils new paths and new means to ends, and it increases the Employ Respons Rights J (2010) 22:79–81 DOI 10.1007/s10672-010-9147-x

When Philosophers Want to Have it All: Comments on Ron Moore's Syncretic Theory of Natural Beauty

Ronald Moore's new book Natural Beauty: A Theory of Aesthetics Beyond the Arts seeks to offer up an account of beauty in nature rather than the beauty of nature. Moore claims his is a syncretic theory. That is, it combines the best parts of competing theories into a single comprehensive account of, in this case, our judgments of natural beauty. The syncretic impulse is a common one in philosophy. Seeing many theories, each with some strong points yet none successful overall, a natural solution is to simply glom them all together. But does this work? Are we entitled to pick and choose in this manner, taking what we like but leaving behind the preconceptions to which each theory was moored? And is the resulting supertheory consistent and coherent? I will use Moore's book as a test case for some of these theoretical questions. I identify some ‘syncretic sites’ in Moore's theory to see whether his method passes muster.

IDEAS OF GEOMETRIZATION, GEOMETRIC INVARIANTS OF LOW-DIMENSIONAL MANIFOLDS, AND TOPOLOGICAL QUANTUM FIELD THEORIES

IDEAS OF GEOMETRIZATION, GEOMETRIC INVARIANTS OF LOW-DIMENSIONAL MANIFOLDS, AND TOPOLOGICAL QUANTUM FIELD THEORIES

Moffet on the Similarity of Response to “Active” and “Sham” Acupuncture

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary MedicineVol. 15, No. 3 EDITORIALSMoffet on the Similarity of Response to “Active” and “Sham” AcupunctureClaire M. CassidyClaire M. CassidySearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:17 Mar 2009https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2009.0070AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail "Moffet on the Similarity of Response to “Active” and “Sham” Acupuncture." , 15(3), pp. 209–210FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byAcupuncture for sleep quality, BDNF levels and immunosenescence: A randomized controlled studyNeuroscience Letters, Vol. 587What is traditional acupuncture - exploring goals and processes of treatment in the context of women with early breast cancer25 June 2014 | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol. 14, No. 1A Qualitative Systematic Review of Patients' Experiences of Acupuncture Dan Jakes, Ray Kirk, and Lauretta Muir5 September 2014 | The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 20, No. 9Do Outcomes of Acupuncture for Back Pain Differ According to Varying Sociocultural Contexts? The View from China Ernest Volinn, Bangxiang Yang, Jing He, Xiaoming Sheng, Jian Ying, and Yunxia Zuo7 May 2013 | The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 19, No. 5Acupuncture for cancer patients19 July 2013 | Progress in Palliative Care, Vol. 20, No. 5A Systematic Review of the Effect of Expectancy on Treatment Responses to AcupunctureEvidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol. 2012Getting inside acupuncture trials - Exploring intervention theory and rationale17 March 2011 | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol. 11, No. 1Acupuncture on the Endometrial Morphology, the Serum Estradiol and Progesterone Levels, and the Expression of Endometrial Leukaemia-inhibitor Factor and Osteopontin in RatsEvidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol. 2011Acupuncture, psyche and the placebo responseAutonomic Neuroscience, Vol. 157, No. 1-2Acupuncture: Will Ugly Facts Kill the Beautiful Theories?15 December 2009 | The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 15, No. 12Model Fit Validity: Seeking a Balanced Equation15 December 2009 | The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 15, No. 12Keeping the Door Open: Uncertainty About the Reliability and Efficacy of Traditional Approaches to Acupuncture15 December 2009 | The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 15, No. 12 Volume 15Issue 3Mar 2009 Information© 2009 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.To cite this article:Claire M. Cassidy.Moffet on the Similarity of Response to “Active” and “Sham” Acupuncture.The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.Mar 2009.209-210.http://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2009.0070Published in Volume: 15 Issue 3: March 17, 2009PDF download

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Thomas Henry Huxley once claimed that “Science is organized common sense where many a beautiful theory was killed by an ugly fact.” This statement accurately portrays the frustration investigators have experienced in the search to determine the association between testosterone levels and prostate cancer development and aggressiveness. Given the well-established role of antiandrogen therapies in the treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma, it was natural to assume that abnormal testosterone levels would be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer 1 Gann P.H. Hennekens C.H. Ma J. et al. Prospective study of sex hormone levels and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1996; 88: 1118-1126 Crossref PubMed Scopus (655) Google Scholar or of high-grade disease. 2 Schatzl G. Madersbacher S. Thurridl T. et al. High-grade prostate cancer is associated with low serum testosterone levels. Prostate. 2001; 47: 52-58 Crossref PubMed Scopus (272) Google Scholar , 3 Hoffman M.A. DeWolf W.C. Morgentaler A. Is low serum free testosterone a marker for high grade prostate cancer?. J Urol. 2000; 163: 824-827 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (264) Google Scholar However, we, 4 Sher D.J. Mantzoros C. Jacobus S. et al. Absence of a relationship between steroid hormone levels and prostate cancer grade. Urology. 2009; 73: 356-361 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (32) Google Scholar and others, 5 Travis R.C. Key T.J. Allen N.E. et al. Serum androgens and prostate cancer among 643 cases and 643 controls in the European prospective investigation into Cancer and nutrition. Int J Cancer. 2007; 121: 1331-1338 Crossref PubMed Scopus (72) Google Scholar , 6 Fodstad P. Bjoro T. Torlakovic G. Fossa S.D. No association of serum gonadal or pituitary hormones with prognostic parameters in stages T1 to T3 PN0M0 prostate cancer. J Urol. 2002; 168: 1188-1192 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (28) Google Scholar have presented data arguing otherwise, plunging ugly facts into an otherwise beautiful theory. Editorial CommentUrologyVol. 73Issue 2PreviewPractitioners have relied heavily on the exploitation of the sex steroids to manipulate and control the growth of prostate cancer. It has been well demonstrated that the sex steroids and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis influence prostate development and maintenance by way of roles in prostate cellular growth, differentiation, and, ultimately, apoptosis. Although highly thought to influence prostate carcinogenesis, an association implicating the sex steroids that comprise the hypophyseal, adrenal, and gonadal hormones on the grade and/or behavior of developing prostate cancer remains controversial and has not been clearly established. Full-Text PDF Absence of Relationship Between Steroid Hormone Levels and Prostate Cancer Tumor GradeUrologyVol. 73Issue 2PreviewTo analyze the relationship between plasma testosterone and estradiol levels on prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy Gleason scores in a cohort of patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. Full-Text PDF

Simple Algorithmic Theory of Subjective Beauty, Novelty, Surprise, Interestingness, Attention, Curiosity, Creativity, Art, Science, Music, Jokes

Simple Algorithmic Theory of Subjective Beauty, Novelty, Surprise, Interestingness, Attention, Curiosity, Creativity, Art, Science, Music, Jokes

“The Esthetic Instinct in Action”: Charles Darwin and Mental Science in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

Many critics have investigated Joyce's use of classical, medieval, philosophical, and literary sources in creating Stephen's theory of aesthetics in Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.1 What is missing is a consideration of the theories of art and beauty articulated by contemporary scientists. No one has yet pursued the clue offered when Stephen refers to On the Origin of Species in his discussion with Lynch about aesthetics (P 209).2 It may surprise some to discover that scientists such as Charles Darwin actually thought about and worked to create theories of beauty, but, in fact, at least two mental scientists of the period theorized beauty and art, linking the aesthetics of Aristotle, St. Thomas Aquinas, and others to contemporary understandings of biology and physiology.3 Given that Joyce's method of composition was very like T. S. Eliot's, the imaginative absorption of stray material (JJII 250), it is not, then, surprising to discover that Joyce used these to create a scientifically plausible conception of universal beauty and the evolution of genre in art. The three texts relevant to this study are The Descent of Man by Darwin, Mental and Moral by Alexander Bain (1818-1903), and Physiological Aesthetics by Grant Allen (1848-1899). Bain, the founder of the prestigious journal Mind in 1876, was a prominent philosopher and psychologist. Described on its title page as A Text-Book For HighSchools and Colleges, his publication was the kind that Stephen and his peers would have studied at University College, Dublin, under the guidance of their young professor of mental science (P 192). In fact, in Stephen Hero, O'Neill works towards a degree in Mental and Moral Science (SH 106). Bain's text was, no doubt, particularly

ON A THEORY BY SCHECHTER AND TINTAREV

In this paper, we show that the beautiful theory developed by M. Schechter and K. Tintarev in [9] can be applied to the eigenvalue problem $$ \left\{ \cases -\Delta u = \lambda f(u) & {\rm in} \,\,\, \Omega \\[1.2\eqnskip] u = 0 & {\rm on\,\, \partial} \Omega \endcases \right. $$ when $$\ds \limsup_{|\xi|\to +\infty}{{\ds\int_0^{\xi}f(t)dt}\over {\xi^2}}<+\infty$$ and, for each $\lambda$ in a suitable interval, the problem has a unique positive solution.

ON A THEORY BY SCHECHTER AND TINTAREV

In this paper, we show that the beautiful theory developed by M. Schechter and K. Tintarev in [9] can be applied to the eigenvalue problem $$ \left\{ \cases -\Delta u = \lambda f(u) & {\rm in} \,\,\, \Omega \\[1.2\eqnskip] u = 0 & {\rm on\,\, \partial} \Omega \endcases \right. $$ when $$\ds \limsup_{|\xi|\to +\infty}{{\ds\int_0^{\xi}f(t)dt}\over {\xi^2}}<+\infty$$ and, for each $\lambda$ in a suitable interval, the problem has a unique positive solution.