Theoretical Physics Research Articles

Alexei Alekseevich Abrikosov. 25 June 1928—29 March 2017

A. A. Abrikosov was a consummate theoretical physicist whose work permeates modern quantum many-body physics. His greatest impact is the explanation of a regime of superconductivity in large magnetic fields, where the field penetrates the superconductor in quantized vortices, but the superconducting properties persist. For this work he won the 2003 Nobel Prize (together with V. L. Ginzburg ForMemRS and A. J. Leggett FRS). This is the framework for practical uses of superconductivity for high-field magnets, used for example in magnetic resonance imaging, magnetically levitating trains and the Large Hadron Collider. The ‘Abrikosov lattice’ of quantized vortices is a precursor to more recent understandings of two-dimensional magnetism, and topological materials whose properties are defined by quantized currents. He provided the earliest understanding of resummation of singularities in quantum theories, co-authored a textbook that has trained generations of theorists and led major research institutes and programmes in the USSR and the USA.

Tensor force impact on shell evolution in neutron-rich Si and Ni isotopes* *This study was supported by the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University's "Fundamental and Applied Space Research." Sidorov S.V. expresses his gratitude for the support provided by the Foundation for the Development of Theoretical Physics and Mathematics "BASIS."

The influence of the tensor interaction of nucleons on the characteristics of neutron-rich silicon and nickel isotopes was studied in this work. Tensor forces are considered within the framework of the Hartree-Fock approach with the Skyrme interaction. The addition of a tensor component of interaction is shown to improve the description of the splittings between different single-particle states and decrease nucleon-nucleon pairing correlations in silicon and nickel nuclei. Special attention was directed toward the role of isovector tensor forces relevant to the interaction of like nucleons.

Exact soliton solutions and the significance of time-dependent coefficients in the Boussinesq equation: theory and application in mathematical physics

This article effectively establishes the exact soliton solutions for the Boussinesq model, characterized by time-dependent coefficients, employing the advanced modified simple equation, generalized Kudryashov and modified sine–Gordon expansion methods. The adaptive applicability of the Boussinesq system to coastal dynamics, fluid behavior, and wave propagation enriches interdisciplinary research across hydrodynamics and oceanography. The solutions of the system obtained through these significant techniques make a path to understanding nonlinear phenomena in various fields, surpassing traditional barriers and further motivating research and application. Significant impacts of the coefficients of the equation, wave velocity, and related parameters are evident in the profiles of soliton-shaped waves in both 3D and 2D configurations when all these factors are treated as variables, which are not seen in the case for constant coefficients. This study enhances the understanding of the significant role played by nonlinear evolution equations with time-dependent coefficients through careful dynamic explanations and detailed analyses. This revelation opens up an interesting and challenging field of study, with promising insights that resonate across diverse scientific disciplines.

Special Issue: Symmetry beyond the Standard Models of Cosmology, High Energy Physics and Quantum Field Theory

Research into the nature of matter is gradually advancing to a scale that is still energetically inaccessible at ground-based colliders [...]

Rethinking of Quantum Mechanics Based on Heidegger's Philosophy

The essay examines the probability Heidegger's philosophy offers for interpreting quantum mechanical theories. The idea of "Dasein" in Heidegger's philosophy is compared with quantum theory to support the assertion of measurement as reality in quantum mechanics. The essay examines the non-transparency of quantum physics and applies Heidegger's philosophy to explain the unconventional quantum theories under this nature. The retrocausality theory in quantum physics is connected with Heidegger's theory of time, his tripartite framework of states of being and their interconnection in his philosophy. The lack of free will is demonstrated in both Heidegger philosophy and quantum mechanics by drawing comparisons between the "Thrownness" of "Dasein" into the world and the superdeterminism hypothesis of quantum physics. This essay increases the scope for using Heidegger's philosophy to comprehend quantum physics.

Spacetime Is Doomed: Time Is an Artifact

Abstract It is well known that spacetime has no operational meaning beyond the Planck scale. In consequence, many high-energy theoretical physicists are seeking, and finding, new structures entirely beyond spacetime. In light of these advances, we propose that time is not fundamental. The arrow of time is an artifact of projection of a stationary dynamics, entirely beyond spacetime and quantum theory, whose entropy does not increase.

John C. Polkinghorne and Chen Ning Yang on the Dialogue between Science and Religion

John C. Polkinghorne (1930–2021) (FRS 1974) was an English theoretical particle physicist, theologian, and Anglican priest. Professor Chen Ning Yang (ForMemRS 1992) is a theoretical physicist. Polkinghorne visited the Hong Kong Baptist University in November 2006. The present article gives an account of his visit, in particular his public lecture, a dialogue with Yang, and their responses to questions from the audience. Polkinghorne’s trip to Hong Kong introduced the interdisciplinary field of science and religion to the people of Hong Kong and mainland China, and opened an East-West dialogue on this topic. Polkinghorne’s view that “Science and religion are basically friends and not foes because they are both concerned with the search for the truth” is an inspiration for many. The same goes for Yang’s point that “Science and religion belong to one family from the beginning.”

Modulation Instability, Analytical, and Numerical Studies for Integrable Time Fractional Nonlinear Model through Two Explicit Methods

The present work deals with the investigation of the time‐fractional Klein–Gordon (K‐G) model, which has great importance in theoretical physics with applications in various fields, including quantum mechanics and field theory. The main motivation of this work is to analyze modulation instability and soliton solution of the time‐fractional K‐G model. Comparative studies are investigated by β‐fraction derivative and M‐fractional derivative. For this purpose, we used unified and advanced exp(−ϕ(ξ))‐expansion approaches that are highly important tools to solve the fractional model and are used to create nonlinear wave pattern (both solitary and periodic wave) solutions for the time‐fractional K‐G model. For the special values of constraints, the periodic waves, lumps with cross‐periodic waves, periodic rogue waves, singular soliton, bright bell shape, dark bell shape, kink and antikink shape, and periodic wave behaviors are some of the outcomes attained from the obtained analytic solutions. The acquired results will be useful in comprehending the time‐fractional K‐G model’s dynamical framework concerning associated physical events. By giving specific values to the fractional parameters, graphs are created to compare the fractional effects for the β‐fraction derivative and M‐fractional derivative. Additionally, the modulation instability spectrum is expressed utilizing a linear analysis technique, and the modulation instability bands are shown to be influenced by the third‐order dispersion. The findings indicate that the modulation instability disappears for negative values of the fourth order in a typical dispersion regime. Consequently, it was shown that the techniques mentioned previously could be an effective tool to generate unique, precise soliton solutions for numerous uses, which are crucial to theoretical physics. This work provided the effect of the recently updated two fraction forms, and in the future, we will integrate the space–time M‐fractional form of the governing model by using the extended form of the Kudryashov method. Maple 18 is utilized as the simulation tool.

A non-anthropocentric solution to the Fermi paradox

Abstract A few dozens of solutions to the Fermi paradox have been proposed in the past. The most relevant ones will be concisely discussed in this paper. They will be classified as follows: exceptionality solutions, annihilation solutions and communication barrier solutions. The argument will be advanced that all existing resolutions to the Fermi paradox are in their essence anthropocentric. The epistemological groundwork of anthropocentrism will be discussed. Conversely, in this paper, a non-anthropocentric solution to the Fermi paradox will be proposed: the ‘lasting human epistemological limitations solution’. This resolution to the Fermi paradox acknowledges that human epistemological capacities are limited to the degree that not only extraterrestrial forms of life may be unobservable to the human perceptive apparatus, but that universes may exist around humans with forms of life, inorganic matter or entities of any other type that humans are incapable of perceiving. In light of the revolutionary developments in theoretical physics, it is likely that in the future these developments will be reflected in increasingly non-anthropocentric solutions to the Fermi paradox.

Singularities of nilpotent Slodowy slices and collapsing levels of W-algebras

Abstract We develop techniques to construct isomorphisms between simple affine W-algebras and affine vertex algebras at admissible levels. We then apply these techniques to obtain many new, and conjecturally all, admissible collapsing levels for affine W-algebras. In short, if a simple affine W-algebra at a given level is equal to its affine vertex subalgebra generated by the centraliser of an ${\mathfrak {sl}}_2$ -triple associated with the underlying nilpotent orbit, then that level is said to be collapsing. Collapsing levels are important both in representation theory and in theoretical physics. Our approach relies on two fundamental invariants of vertex algebras. The first one is the associated variety, which, in the context of admissible level simple affine W-algebras, leads to the Poisson varieties known as nilpotent Slodowy slices. We exploit the singularities of these varieties to detect possible collapsing levels. The second invariant is the asymptotic datum. We prove a general result asserting that, under appropriate hypotheses, equality of asymptotic data implies isomorphism at the level of vertex algebras. Then we use this to give a sufficient criterion, of combinatorial nature, for an admissible level to be collapsing. Our methods also allow us to study isomorphisms between quotients of W-algebras and extensions of simple affine vertex algebras at admissible levels. Based on such examples, we are led to formulate a general conjecture: for any finite extension of vertex algebras, the induced morphism between associated Poisson varieties is dominant.

Distinguishing Absolute True Time from Relative Time; Corrections in Theoretical Physics

Distinguishing Absolute True Time from Relative Time; Corrections in Theoretical Physics

A quintic B-spline technique for a system of Lane-Emden equations arising in theoretical physical applications

<abstract> <p>In the present study, we introduce a collocation approach utilizing quintic B-spline functions as bases for solving systems of Lane Emden equations which have various applications in theoretical physics and astrophysics. The method derives a solution for the provided system by converting it into a set of algebraic equations with unknown coefficients, which can be easily solved to determine these coefficients. Examining the convergence theory of the proposed method reveals that it yields a fourth-order convergent approximation. It is confirmed that the outcomes are consistent with the theoretical investigation. Tables and graphs illustrate the proficiency and consistency of the proposed method. Findings validate that the newly employed method is more accurate and effective than other approaches found in the literature. All calculations have been performed using Mathematica software.</p> </abstract>

Redefining Gravity: The Role of Active Time Theory in Unifying Quantum and Classical Physics

Redefining Gravity: The Role of Active Time Theory in Unifying Quantum and Classical Physics

Formalizing chemical physics using the Lean theorem prover

Theories in chemical physics can be reconstructed in a formal language using the interactive theorem prover, Lean. Lean’s ability to check math theorems catches faulty logic and reveals hidden assumptions that are missed in informal derivations.

ЛЕОНІД МИКОЛАЙОВИЧ ЛИТВИНЕНКО — ВИДАТНИЙ ВЧЕНИЙ І ОРГАНІЗАТОР НАУКИ

This paper is an attempt of paying tribute to the memory of Leonid Mykolayovych Lytvynenko (LML), an outstanding Ukrainian scientist, Full Member of the National Academy of Sciences who worked most fruitfully in the fields of radio science and radio astronomy. Starting of 1985, Dr. Lytvynenko was, over a 30-plus years period, at the head of the Institute of Radio Astronomy, Acad. Sci. of the Ukrainian SSR (currently the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) that had been established owing to his vigorous and direct participation in the process. In 1996 LML promoted foundation of a new scientific journal, namely the "Radio Physics and Radio Astronomy", which he devotedly served for, in the Editor-in-Chief capacity, during the 25 years that followed. Dr. L. Lytvynenko was one of the brightest representatives of the school of theoretical radio physics that had developed within the O. Usikov Institute for Radio Physics and Electronics in Kharkiv and further flourished within the Institute of Radio Astronomy. He is known as the founder of a new branch of radio science, specifically theory of electromagnetic wave diffraction and propagation through composite and multilayered periodic structures.

State of the Art of the Theoretical Nuclear Physics

In this contribution, I summarizes the theoretical topics discussed at SOTANCP5, including various cluster states, clusters at the edges of the nuclear chart and in nuclear matter, and clustering aspects in reactions.

Pair-distribution function of active Brownian spheres in three spatial dimensions: simulation results and analytical representation

This work provides an analysis of the fully orientation-resolved pair-distribution function of active Brownian spheres in three spatial dimensions based on Brownian dynamics simulations, along with an analytical approximation.

On issue of kinetic approach in simulation of destruction processes of materials

A significant number of different types of structural damages to structural materials, as well as all kinds of scenarios for their accumulation up to destruction, require not only the use of a significant arsenal of experimental methods of theoretical materials science and molecular physics, but also the development of corresponding mathematical models. These models perform two functions. On the one hand, they make it possible to give a reasonable interpretation of complex processes, and on the other hand, to give a forecast of the evolution of the material under specific operating conditions. Some features of describing the processes of degradation and destruction of materials, based on kinetic approaches are considered.

“It’s Like Coming Out of the Cave Into the Light”: The Role of Literacy Integration in Physical Education

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine pedagogies of teacher socialization for physical education teacher education candidates through the context of literacy integration. Method: We situated our data collection in qualitative case study methodology, emphasizing data from focus group interviews conducted during the final month of physical education teacher education candidates’ programs. Results: We demonstrate three primary insights and/or adjustments to their perceptions about literacy integration in physical education settings: (a) Literacy integration should support physical education objectives, (b) literacy integration could be easily implemented in a myriad of ways and for different age groups, and (c) literacy integration can improve student learning and outcomes. Discussion/Conclusion: Extending current teacher socialization literature, we emphasize three factors instrumental in shifting physical education teacher education candidate subjective theories and beliefs: movement-oriented literacy activities, reflection, and experiential applications.

Research on the Innovation of Smart Teaching Mode of University Physical Education Driven by Digital Technology

Abstract Physical education teaching mode is the link between physical education teaching theory and physical education teaching practice, which has a direct impact on the quality and teaching effect of physical education teaching. In this paper, the recognition algorithm is applied to physical education, and a graph-convolutional neural network is constructed. In order to solve the problem that a graph convolutional neural network can only deal with non-motion graphs, using the Masked Attention mechanism, assigning different weights to neighboring nodes, extracting node features and features between neighboring nodes, thus the graph attention neural network, and introducing the YOLO model to predict the single and multiple postures and correct the students’ technical movements. Through the comparative experimental study in this paper, it was found that the p-values of the four dimensions of students’ attention to athletics, adverse interest in athletics learning, positive interest in athletics learning, and daily athletics exercise were all 0.000<0.05. In the two dimensions of positive interest in athletic learning and daily athletic exercise, the mean values of the students in the experimental group reached 29.11 and 32.89, respectively. In terms of comparing the results of the students in the two groups, the 50-meter Run p=0.021<0.05, Vertical Long Jump p=0.002<0.05, Seated Body Flexion and Sit-ups for girls p=0.000<0.05. Therefore, the data-intelligent physical education teaching model constructed in this paper can increase the degree of students’ interest in physical education, improve students’ participation in physical education classrooms, and optimize students’ physical education achievement and performance.