Linguistic Theory Research Articles

The role of future time reference in cross-listing decisions: Cross-country evidence

This paper examines the impact of language on firms’ cross-listing decisions. Utilising the survival analysis on data from 28,602 firms in 44 countries, we hypothesise and find that firms whose operational languages do not grammatically distinguish the future from the present are more likely to cross-list as its first listing destination. After integrating crucial controls, adding various fixed effects, and conducting extensive robustness checks, this relationship remains consistent. Our additional analysis reveals that speakers of such languages on average exhibit stronger long-term orientated thinking, thus predisposing them to benefit from stringent regulations, reduced capital cost, and broader investor base, especially in countries with robust governance. This observation further supports the ‘bonding theory’ and ‘linguistic relativity theory’. Collectively, our research highlights the importance of the linguistic dimension in driving corporate financial decisions.

Applied Linguistics and its Impact on the Arabic Language Pedagogy: A Theoretical Study

This paper falls - in its general context - within applied linguistics. It presents explanations to some concepts of applied linguistics, which is considered as an element of modern language studies and is perceived by some as the practical element that complements the general theories of linguistics. Therefore, this paper addresses the general principles on which the general ideas of applied linguistics are built and their relationship to teaching languages in general and the Arabic language in particular, which could apply to both native speakers and bilinguals. Then the paper ends with some results and recommendations reached by the researcher.

ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL SPEECH ADAPTATION STRATEGIES IN MILITARY TRANSLATION

The research is focused on the aspect of functional speech adaptation of language interpreters who are gaining practical experience at the initial stage in the sphere of foreign-language military-professional communication and paying special attention to the search for original speech strategies to achieve the targets of the translation process in the most efficient way. The critical objective of the article is to theorize the functional speech adaptation and underscore the need and importance to develop interpreters’ unique creative strategies in the process of their adaptive professional maturation for the due carrying out of normal and special translation tasks under the conditions of operational military activities abroad. A detailed review of the scientific sources is carried out concerning research into definitions of linguistic terms such as: “adaptation,” “speech adaptation,” “speech strategies.” The author’s definition of the core of the term “Functional speech adaptation” is given and its main differences are outlined versus the definitions of the linguistic categories “adaptation” and “pragmatic adaptation” proposed by Russian linguistic theorists earlier. The most effective strategies for interpreting are reviewed, viz.: implementation of an interpreter’s anticipation, a strategy for target text forming from the ground of precision information, and a strategy for source text segmentation into minimal translation cells. The study applies the methods of definitional analysis, comparative analysis of theoretical principles with their generalization, theoretical synthesis of the concepts’ definitions, linguistic description method and linguistic modeling. The results of the conducted research make a significant contribution to studying functional speech adaptation of military interpreters in the implementation of interpreting and translation tasks on the foreign military sub-languages material. Moreover, the results of the study can be used for future research purposes of translation studies, theoretical and applied linguistics.

The syntactic position of the “people” in the political discourse of left and right populism (NLP-based syntactic analysis experience)

This paper attempts to measure populism in English-language speeches of politicians using computational linguistics methods. The relevance of this study is related not only to the rise of populism in the world and the importance of understanding the mechanisms of political discourse, but also to the lack of linguistic research in the context of corpus studies. Most of the methods proposed to date require significant resources or suffer from structural limitations, especially when they rely heavily on the human annotation process to analyze extensive corpus data. The material for the study was public speeches and interviews of right-wing populist politician and 45th President of the United States Donald Trump and political rhetoric of left-wing populist politician Senator Bernie Sanders. The corpus analysis was based on transcripts downloaded from The American Presidency Project and Miller Center websites. The syntactic position of key lexical units is determined using a comprehensive method based on dependency grammar combined with natural language processing (NLP) and van Leeuwen’s linguistic theory. The application of natural language processing methods confirms the assumption that the frequency of politicians’ reference to the people is not the only relevant indicator for measuring people-centrism in (populist) political discourse, as usually proposed in the political science literature. The results of the study indicate that there is no predominant role of the people in the discourse of Trump and Sanders. In most cases, the people appear in a complementary or adjunct position, indicating their secondary importance in their rhetoric. Given that populism implies proximity to the people and is positioned as “vox populi” – “the voice of the people”, it can be assumed that for both Trump and Sanders, addressing the people is only a way to achieve their political goals.

The Dialectical Relationship of the Arbitrariness and Iconicity of Linguistic Semiotics

The enduring debate surrounding the arbitrariness and iconicity of linguistic signs centers on the relationship between form and meaning, or signifier and signified. This study aims to clarify the dialectical relationship between these two foundational principles in linguistics. Historically, arbitrariness, as proposed by Ferdinand de Saussure, posits that the connection between a linguistic sign's form and its meaning is conventional and lacks inherent justification. Conversely, iconicity suggests a natural or motivated connection between form and meaning, a view supported by cognitive and functional linguistics. This paper critically reviews the historical and contemporary arguments from both camps, highlighting significant contributions from scholars such as Saussure, Peirce, and Haiman. Through a comprehensive analysis, it is demonstrated that arbitrariness and iconicity are not mutually exclusive but coexist at different levels within language systems. The paper argues for a nuanced understanding that considers both synchronic and diachronic perspectives, ultimately suggesting that these two principles can complement each other, providing a deeper insight into the nature and function of linguistic signs. This study contributes to the broader discussion on the inherent characteristics of language, with implications for linguistic theory, language teaching, translation, and cognitive science.

Counter-hegemony with English Language

Presented in this article are explications of language ideology and a sociocultural linguistic theory that links language ideologies to language identities with implications for acquiring and using hegemonic English language knowledge. The theory frames analyses of data collected in a study of college students in the People’s Republic of China conducted to discern the impact of national language ideologies promoting the English language. Prior research indicates that students with strong indigenous/local language ideologies and identities commonly adopt anti-hegemonic tactics of linguistic resistance to using the English language exclusively or extensively. Students in this study envisioned markedly uncommon counter-hegemonic tactics where the English language is used to elevate the hegemony of Chinese language.

CЕМИОТИЧЕСКОЕ ПРОЧТЕНИЕ СТИХОТВОРЕНИЯ ОЛЖАСА СУЛЕЙМЕНОВА «ХРОМОЙ КУЛАН»

The choice of the article`s topic is due to the growing interest in the study of poetic texts in the light of modern linguistic theories. Such theories include language semiotics, which views the poetic text as an infinite code, in the course of which language signs acquire new meanings. Since the semiotization of poetic text is an element of semiotization of culture, the study of creativity of transcultural poets of Kazakhstan from the point of view of the science of signs seems relevant. This article deals with the semiotic aspect of Olzhas Omarovich Suleymenov's poem “Lame Kulan”. The authors propose their own algorithm of semiotic analysis of a poetic text, developed on the basis of Yu. Lotman`s methodology and supplemented by E. Palvanova. Much attention is paid to the main technique of conveying the author`s idea – allusion. The allusions contained in the poem are considered as hyper-signs, which are complex semiotic chains of signifiers and signifieds. The component analysis of language signs dominating in the text of the poem was also carried out in order to find out the place of the sign “Lame Kulan” in the general linguistic picture of the world and Suleymenov`s poetic picture of the world. In addition, the cultural-semiotic approach allowed us to investigate the manifestations of transculturality found at the intra- and extra-textual levels of the analyzed poem. The results obtained in the course of the research can be used in school and university practice of studying Russian-language literature of Kazakhstan

Trends in the research of world-modeling from the perspective of Russian linguistics: Paradigmatic framework and conceptual apparatus

In the first quarter of the XXI century, world-modeling has been actively discussed in the theory of literature, text studies and discourse studies. The concept of world-modeling in linguistics significantly differs from that in literary studies, which determines the relevance of this research. The paper aims to review the publications by Russian scholars that raise the problems of world-modeling in communication, to highlight the dominant tendencies of research within the framework of the cognitive-discursive paradigm and to discuss their theoretical potential. The sample consists of 334 publications retrieved from eLibrary database. The paper argues that due to the influence of the dominant paradigm in linguistics, an independent cognitive and discursive trend of world-modeling research is being developed in Russia, and is becoming more specific, which leads to the emergence of discrete areas of research that accumulate their own system of concepts. The paper discusses the research potential of lingua-cognitive, conceptual, functional, axiological, semantic, stylistic, lingua-ideological, cognitive and pragmatic trends. The author argues that the logic of the development of discrete trends is determined by the inter-paradigm interaction, thanks to which knowledge about the representation of the world in communication is built on general paradigmatic principles as well as the achievements of particular disciplines. The paper concludes by drawing attention to the lingua-cultural, socio-semiotic, lingua-personological and psycholinguistic research traends observed in some recent publications. The interdisciplinary nature of modern linguistics makes it possible to combine several perspectives of the world-modeling analysis. The results of the study can contribute to the further development of the cognitive and discursive world-modeling theory in linguistics and social studies.

The efforts of Abdelrahman Al-Haj Saleh in the development of linguistic thought:Khalilian Theory and Computational Arabic Linguistic Heritage as a Model

The modern Khalilian linguistic theory by Abdul Rahman Al-Haj Saleh is one of the significant projects that revitalized and reexamined Arabic linguistic heritage from a new perspective. It is a linguistic theory in modern linguistic studies that successfully combines heritage and contemporaneity, taking significant steps in the path of contemporary Arabic linguistic research and rekindling interest in the principles of grammar, striving to embody authentic grammatical thought. This research paper aims to introduce the Khalilian theory as a modern theory and subsequently outline its essential concepts. The school emphasizes reviving linguistic thought and reexamining it to align with computational linguistic studies and meet the requirements of modern vision. This intervention seeks to achieve the following results: embodying the principles of the Khalilian theory in practical terms, applying its most important results, especially in providing solutions to the crisis in Arabic grammar education, automatic processing of the Arabic language, and the voluntary adaptation of the Arabic language to computers with the possibility of applying technology to the Arabic language.

Language as a tool for creating a positive Image of the state in the system of Interstate Relations (using the example of China's Global Security Initiative)

The article examines the language tools used to create a positive image of the state in the system of interstate relations using the example of China's global security initiative. Special attention is paid to metaphors as a key element of linguistic influence. The article examines how various metaphorical techniques contribute to the formation of a favorable perception of China in the international arena. Attention is focused on the analysis of official texts related to the Global Security initiative in order to identify and interpret key metaphors. The object of our research is political discourse. The subject of the study is the image of China in the context of the representation of the Global Security Initiative. The research makes a significant contribution to the theory of intercultural communication and political linguistics, expanding the understanding of the role of language in interstate relations and the formation of public opinion. Critical discourse analysis allows us to evaluate the linguistic means of the text used, the pragmatic purpose of which includes not only an informational appeal to the world community explaining the political position of the Chinese government, but also the creation of a certain image of the country. A comprehensive analysis of the use of metaphors in official statements and documents of the People's Republic of China concerning the global security initiative is being conducted. This analysis allows us to identify specific metaphorical constructions that China uses to create a positive image in the international arena.The study deepens the understanding of how metaphors function in interstate relations and influence the perception of China as a peacemaker and stable partner. This includes studying how metaphors contribute to the formation of a positive image and strengthen trust between states. The findings of the study can be applied in the practice of international relations and diplomacy, providing recommendations on the use of language tools to improve the image of the state. This is important for developing effective public diplomacy and communication strategies. The conclusions of the article emphasize the importance of the competent use of metaphors as a tool of diplomacy and a strategic communication resource in the modern world.

DEVELOPING COMMUNICATION PROFICIENCY: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE COMPETENCIES

This study delves into the multifaceted nature of communication proficiency, exploring the diverse language competencies essential for effective interpersonal and professional interactions. Through a multidimensional analysis, it is being investigated how linguistic, sociolinguistic, and strategic competencies interplay to shape an individuals communicative abilities. Drawing from contemporary linguistic theories and empirical research, the study identifies key components of language proficiency, including grammar, vocabulary, pragmatics, and discourse management. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative assessments of language skills with qualitative interviews to capture nuanced insights into the participants communication strategies and challenges. Findings reveal that proficiency extends beyond mere linguistic accuracy, emphasizing the importance of cultural awareness, context sensitivity, and adaptability in real-world communication scenario. The study also highlights the role of continuous practice and feedback in enhancing language skills, proposing practical frameworks for educators and learners to foster holistic communicative competence. Ultimately, this analysis underscores the need for an integrated approach to language education that prioritizes functional and adaptive use of language, preparing individuals for the dynamic and diverse communication demands of contemporary society.

The Practical Application Of Malakah Theory In The Learning Of Arabic Language/ التطبيق العملي لنظرية الملكة اللغو ية في تعلم اللغة العربية

Learning Arabic requires a practical approach and theory to ensure the desired results. This research explores the theory presented by Ibn Khaldun, "Linguistic faculty theory," which integrates the Arabic language into the learner's core until it becomes second nature. This paper used qualitative research methods to collect and analyze data by reviewing the literature on the subject, such as magazines, books, and others. The results revealed that the entire theory can be summarized into three main stages: input, storage, and output. The process begins with listening to Arabic, followed by memorization and practice. Ibn Khaldun based his theory on the belief that language serves the primary purpose of communication. By following the stages correctly, learners can ensure that the received language is as sound and pure as the language being expressed. The study calls for the widespread adoption of this theory across educational institutions through reforming curricula and teaching methodologies and enhancing extracurricular activities and educational facilities. The integration of a strong, pure, and solid Arabic language culture should also be considered when designing the Arabic language program, in addition to providing opportunities and an environment to practice it.

REVEALING RIDDLER'S IDEOLOGY IN THE BATMAN MOVIE: A TRANSITIVITY ANALYSIS

This study aims to describe the transitivity system in the text. The transitivity system is used to explain ideational metafunctions in the theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics proposed by Halliday (2014). The analysis in this study focuses on Riddler's utterances in the film The Batman in 2022. This study analyzes the processes and participants contained in the clauses in these utterances. Then, the results of these findings will be linked with power hierarchy theory to reveal Riddler's Ideology. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to show the analysis results. This research data is obtained from the transitivity process from Riddler utterances, which consists of the process and participants. The results show that Riddler used all kind of transitivity process. He used mostly material, relational, and followed by other processes. By using the transitivity process, Riddler can decide which character has more power through participant in the process. He used it on himself and his friend such as Batman and his follower more frequently than the government or higher up he discussed or talked to. Therefore, it can be concluded the ideologies that Riddler inherits is anarchist which influenced by narcissism.

The Use of Particles in Ngapak Bumiayu Language: A Study of Systemic Functional Linguistics

This study explores the use of particles in Ngapak Bumiayu, a Javanese dialect spoken in Bumiayu, Brebes, Central Java, using Michael A.K. Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics theory. Data was collected from everyday conversations of native speakers using a descriptive analysis method. The identified particles—kok, lho, kok ya, toh, wis, and bar—each have unique roles in sentence structure and meaning. The ideational metafunction shows that these particles enrich the information in sentences. Without particles, sentences present straightforward facts, but with particles, they carry additional nuances that enhance the message. For the interpersonal metafunction, particle placement affects meaning. Kok can be in any sentence position, conveying surprise or emphasis. Lho emphasizes attention. Kok ya, typically at the beginning or middle, shows wonder and affirmation. Toh, usually at the end, indicates finality. Wis, in the middle or end, signifies completion or agreement. Bar indicates ongoing or recent actions. The textual metafunction highlights particles' role in maintaining text coherence and cohesion. They ensure consistency and continuity in discourse through repetition, serving as connectors (referential cohesion), and maintaining consistent meanings across contexts (lexical cohesion). These particles are essential for structuring and organizing information in sentences and conversations. These findings illustrate the significant role of particles in enhancing communication, structuring information, and providing nuanced meanings in the Ngapak Bumiayu language.

Способы вербализации ценностных установок педагогического дискурса (на материале профессиональных стандартов в России, Германии и Великобритании)

The article is devoted to research of methods for the verbalization of axiological attitudes in pedagogical discourse in Russian, German, and British cultures at the present stage. The aim of the research is to identify methods for verbalizing the value attitudes of pedagogical discourse in Russian, German, and British cultures: what values and how they are reflected in the texts of regulatory documents in different languages. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the use of an integrated approach that allows interpreting the results of the statistical analysis of the texts of normative documents in the education system of three countries from the perspective of current linguistic theories and aimed at revealing intercultural specificity in the interaction process of the main participants of pedagogical discourse. The result of the study is a description of the main lexico-semantic characteristics of the texts of the pedagogical standard in Russia, Germany, and the United Kingdom, confirming the significant differences in the axiological attitudes of each of the cultures that determine the specificity of social interaction within pedagogical discourse.

Perception of Violence in Multimodal Text: Cross-Disciplinary Approach

The article deals with the linguistic and psychological concepts explaining the perception of multimodal texts that imply information about violence. The importance of the subject is verified by the task of countering the spread of ideologies of violence, extremism, and terrorism in Internet communication. The multimodal text is considered a popular means of propagating radical ideas relating to incitement to social discord. The absence of complex models explaining the transmission of violence through multimodal texts is observed. It is shown that linguistic and psychological concepts can be relevant resources for building such a model. The purpose of the article is to generalize concepts in the form of intra- and extralinguistic factors that determine the perception of information about violence in a multimodal text. The generalization of cognitive linguistic theories into the group of intralinguistic factors is complemented by the conclusion that the semantic structure of a multimodal text is formed by visual, sign, and verbal coding systems; the perception of information about violence is determined by the typicality of linguistic means and the presence of logical and semantic links between the elements of a multimodal text. The conclusion is made about the influence of aggressiveness, personal attitude toward violence, and the experience of using violence on the perception of multimodal information about violence by the reader. The article may be interesting to linguists, psychologists, and a wide range of researchers in the field of humanities and humanities-related social sciences.

Root and stem allomorphy without multiple exponence: the case of special nominatives

AbstractThis paper explores an approach to root and stem allomorphy that does not make use of context sensitive rules (i.e., secondary exponence) and relies on primary exponence only. In such a system, each feature is referenced by realisation rules only once and multiple exponence is eliminated. The study applies this system to the phenomenon of root and stem allomorphy in declension systems (McFadden in Glossa 3:8.1-36, 2018, Christopoulos & Zompì in Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 1–31, 2022). The paper argues that in this domain, the theory makes different empirical predictions than models based on context-sensitive rules. Specifically, the current model allows for an account of special nominative singular forms and the so-called pseudo-ABA patterns (Middleton in Morphology 31:329–354, 2021, Davis in Glossa 6, 2021). The proposal relies on the Nanosyntax model of grammar, using phrasal lexicalisation and lexicalisation-driven movements (Starke in Exploring nanosyntax, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 239–249, 2018), though alternative implementations of this idea are conceivable.

A Review of Foreign Languages in Advertising and Product Packaging: Socio-and Psycholinguistic Perspectives

Research on the use of foreign languages in advertising and packaging identifies English as a medium due to its modern universal appeal. As advertising vehicles become more numerous and diverse, foreign languages have veered from their purely linguistic function to assuming a more active role in influencing consumers’ cognitions and behaviors. Research allows companies to tap into the implicit emotional connections and associations that foreign languages evoke in consumers and better assist companies in adjusting their consumer culture positioning strategies to various local markets. This review aims to encapsulate the theoretical complexities underpinning the mechanism of how foreign languages function and how understanding them may help advertisers and brand managers in influencing consumer behavior and perception. The existing body of research shows a surging interest in multilingual advertising and product packaging. The former is more consolidated with validated experimental designs and a wider application of relevant theories whereas the latter is still at its infancy and lacks the generalizability to diverse markets. The authors conclude that foreign languages are widespread. Drawing on the theories of linguistics, sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics, alongside considering markets' cultural sensitivities, the authors recommend employing foreign language cues in both advertising and packaging.

Husainnasir

Abstract In the science of Qiraat, the problem of vowel reading on letters and words in the Qur'an is still much that has not been revealed, both from the aspect of classical and modern scholarly opinions. This study aims to describe and introduce several rules about the process of occurrence of vowel a/i/u in certain words and verses, which are caused by the presence of letters, hamzah, sukun, and ishmam, including exploring new ways of analyzing the phonology of modern Arabic vowels based on standard generative theory. This research is literature research. Primary data sources were obtained by al-Našr fi al-Qirā'at al-Islāmiyyah, and several verses of the Qur'an for comparison. Secondary data sources are literature, both in the form of books, journals, and research results related to phonology. Data collection is carried out by documentation techniques, listening, and recording. Data analysis techniques use open coding, then analyzed descriptively using grounded theory. This study informs about the rule that the variety of vowel punctuation on some verbs in the Qur'an will change according to the readings attributed to the ten Qira'at. The Vowel sign emphasizes the reading of dammah/kasrah). The emphasis mark on nouns requires the insertion of dammah while on verbs and insertion of kasrah. The round distinguishing mark (sifr) is important in turning kasrah into dammah. Both Kasrah and dammah have the property of 'Al, but some of them are distinguished by round marks on dammah and square marks on kasrah. The Vowel sign for classical scholars indicates that the kasrah from the letter "waw" in the verb "qul" moved to the letter "qaf" after hadzf dammah, then "waw" changed to "ya" to correspond to the kasrah in front of it. Modern linguists believe that the dammah of the letter "qaf" can be changed to Kasrah and then "waw" removed, so that the existence of the two kasrahs is merged and becomes a long shaddah The differences and changes in vowels in phonetics cannot be separated from the debate that exists between classical and modern scholars. This indicates that the problem of qira'at is closely related to diacritical marks that are icons of producing sounds with various characters. This research has implications that having to study Qur'anic verses from a Vowel aspect will require us to see how scholars used to read so that the sounds produced are not only one variant but have a variety of very detailed and interesting reasons to be studied based on modern linguistic theory. Vowel; linguistic interpretation; recitation, Qira’at Ten

Existential, locative and possessive predication in Kamas

Abstract This paper describes and analyses existential, locative and possessive predications in Kamas. Starting from a functional-semantic perspective, we show that the three types of predications share many features, but they also exhibit some important differences. Given that two layers of Kamas can be distinguished, we demonstrate that the reactivated Kamas of the last speaker, Klavdiya Plotnikova, exhibits some peculiarities which can be explained partly by Russian influence. The most important result of the study is that the boundaries between the three predication types are rather fluid in Kamas, whereas the distinction between affirmative and negative clauses is morphosyntactically unambiguously manifested. This polarity split, given that it is seldom recognised in the general literature, may provide important implications for linguistic typology and theory.