Cognitive Psychology Theory Research Articles

Mindfulness Practices for Ethical Leadership in a Post Covid-19 World

Does embracing a practice of mindfulness nurture and sustain ethical leadership skills in top managers? In this conceptual paper, an attempt has been made to address the question. In the aftermath of Covid-19, existing leadership practices need to be reevaluated and revitalized to meet the expectations of an increasingly interdependent, uncertain, and rapidly changing global business environment. The business environment needs top managers who are able to sustain their ethical leadership skillset, which involves strategic thinking, the capacity to learn, the capacity to change, and managerial wisdom (Boal & Hooijberg, 2001). Drawing on upper echelons theory, and the ethical leadership framework, first, the characteristics of ethical leaders are outlined. Next, drawing on the theories of social and cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and medicine, the importance of mindfulness to cultivate ethical leadership qualities is highlighted. Finally, mindfulness tools are offered for managers for sustained ethical leadership.

Recognizing Object by Components with Human Prior Knowledge Enhances Adversarial Robustness of Deep Neural Networks.

Adversarial attacks can easily fool object recognition systems based on deep neural networks (DNNs). Although many defense methods have been proposed in recent years, most of them can still be adaptively evaded. One reason for the weak adversarial robustness may be that DNNs are only supervised by category labels and do not have part-based inductive bias like the recognition process of humans. Inspired by a well-known theory in cognitive psychology - recognition-by-components, we propose a novel object recognition model ROCK (Recognizing Object by Components with human prior Knowledge). It first segments parts of objects from images, then scores part segmentation results with predefined human prior knowledge, and finally outputs prediction based on the scores. The first stage of ROCK corresponds to the process of decomposing objects into parts in human vision. The second stage corresponds to the decision process of the human brain. ROCK shows better robustness than classical recognition models across various attack settings. These results encourage researchers to rethink the rationality of currently widely-used DNN-based object recognition models and explore the potential of part-based models, once important but recently ignored, for improving robustness.

Cognitive Mastery in Sports: Exploring Cognitive Psychology's Influence

This article delves into the pivotal role of cognitive psychology in sports, illuminating its profound impact on athletes' performance. Over a comprehensive survey of literature spanning the past decade, this review synthesizes key developments and applications of cognitive psychology in the athletic domain. Utilizing databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and SportDiscus, the study employs a meticulous selection process, focusing on peer-reviewed articles that significantly contribute to the understanding of cognitive training, assessment, and rehabilitation in sports. The review explores diverse facets of cognitive psychology in sports, including the theoretical underpinnings of cognitive functions, innovative cognitive training interventions, and the crucial role of mental processes in injury recovery. It presents an analysis of the effectiveness of various cognitive strategies in enhancing athletic performance and resilience. Additionally, it addresses the challenges and potential future directions of cognitive psychology applications in sports. This article aims to bridge the gap between cognitive psychological theory and practical sports applications, offering insights for athletes, coaches, and sports psychologists. By highlighting the symbiotic relationship between the mind and athletic prowess, "The Mind Game" underscores the transformative potential of cognitive psychology in elevating sports performance to new heights.

Confrontation-coping: A psychological approach to developing market exporting firms' intentions to adopt emerging technologies

Based on the cognitive psychology theory of coping, we examined how the ability of developing market firms to confront and cope with advanced market importers' pressure to adopt emerging technologies may influence their adoption of such technologies. We also determined how this relationship is moderated by the disruptive and incremental key features of technology. To do so, we collected survey data via the LinkedIn accounts of Pakistani firms exporting to advanced economies. Our results show that confrontation-coping mediates the influence of importer pressure on exporter intentions to adopt emerging technology. Further, we found the positive effects of such pressure on confrontation-coping to be stronger when the technology is robustly disruptive. We also found that confrontation-coping strongly influences intentions to adopt in the presence of highly incremental technology. Our study makes theoretical contributions to technology adoption research and coping theory, as well as practical contributions to both exporting firms and emerging technology providers. Our findings also have important policy implications.

Analysis of factors influencing the accumulation of psychological capital of college students under the theory of cognitive psychology

Abstract As a psychological quality and developmental potential of college students, the accumulation of psychological capital is influenced by a variety of factors. Individuals do not exist in isolation, and their psychological and behavioral changes often depend on the relationships that exist with others. In this paper, from the perspective of cognitive psychology, we intend to introduce the origin, classification, application conditions, and estimation methods of the network autocorrelation model, compare the differences between the conventional linear model and network autocorrelation model in processing relationship data through a simulation study, explore the factors influencing the accumulation of psychological capital of college students, and analyze the internal and external factors influencing the psychological capital of college students through the results of questionnaire survey. The actual role and sensitivity of these factors are explored and analyzed, expecting to provide ideas for the intervention and enhancement of college students’ psychological capital accumulation and to provide certain pedagogical references as well as inspiration for the cultivation of students’ psychological quality.

Readability Indices Structure and Optimal Features

The work considers formal structure and features of the readability indices widely employed in various information and education fields, including theory of communication, cognitive psychology, linguistics, and multiple applications. In spite of the importance and popularity of readability indices in practical research, their intrinsic properties have not yet been sufficiently investigated. This paper aims to fill this gap between the theory and application of these indices by presenting them in a uniform expression which permits analyzing their features and deriving new properties that are useful in practice. Three theorems are proved for relations between the units of a text structure. The general characteristics are illustrated by numerical examples which can be helpful for researchers and practitioners.

A study on the phenomenon of anaphoric correction in college students’ English conversation

Abstract English education for college students is a major instructional programme with significant developmental importance; yet, its conversations are also crucial. Reflexivity in conversational repair refers to the tendency of speakers to go back to the beginning of the repairing component rather than to implement the repair directly after the wrong word. In order to help listeners solve the connection problem, speakers use different back-referencing strategies. In this study, we used a quantitative and qualitative approach to explore the patterns and strategies of finger-back repair in Chinese college students’ English conversations and to compare their similarities and differences with native speakers in the use of finger-back onset words. The study found that the proportion of self-repetition was the highest among college students, reaching about 75%, and the proportion of reorganisation and insertion strategies was very small, about 23%, which reflected the characteristics of college students’ ability in linguistic information processing and online processing; moreover, there were significant differences between them and native speakers in the use of reflexive priming words. This paper borrows from the attention theory of cognitive psychology to explain the results and to point out the implications of this study for the teaching of spoken English in college.

The Analyst's Self-Care: Further Reflections after the Pandemic on Cultivating Resilience and the Essential Role of the Body-Mind Relationship in Clinical Practice.

Sparse attention is paid in the psychoanalytic literature to the management of self-care needs of the analyst. I suggest that pandemic fatigue experienced by psychotherapists during the Covid-19 global crisis has thrown into bold relief the requirement for clinicians to attune to the body, particularly the requirement for rest and creative space. Physical and emotional exhaustion is multidetermined and not unique to this time period; the global crisis appears to have unmasked particular difficulties in sensing and tending to requirements of the body-mind. Changes observed in sleep, dreams, exercise, eating, and somatic states during the pandemic raise additional questions about modifiable risk factors of burnout. Drawing upon contemporary evidence emerging from the fields of cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and psychodynamic practice and theory, suggestions are made to assist the analyst in rendering essential self-care.

From One Language to the Next: Applications of Analogical Transfer for Programming Education

The 1980s and 1990s saw a robust connection between computer science education and cognitive psychology as researchers worked to understand how students learn to program. More recently, academic disciplines such as science and engineering have begun drawing on cognitive psychology research and theories of learning to create instructional materials and teacher professional development materials based on theories of learning, to some success. In this paper, we follow a similar approach by highlighting common areas of interest between computer science education and cognitive psychology–specifically theories of analogical transfer–and discuss how cross-pollination of theoretical constructs between disciplines can support research on the teaching and learning of multiple programming languages. We will also discuss areas where computing education research can adapt the existing theories from cognitive psychology to develop domain-specific theories of knowledge transfer in computing and feed back into cognitive psychology research to inform larger debates about the nature of cognition and learning.

Confirmation Bias in Analysts’ Response to Consensus Forecasts

This paper provides evidence of confirmation bias by sell-side analysts in their earnings forecasts. We show that analysts tend to put higher weight on public information when the current forecast consensus is more consistent with their previous forecasts. We further find that analysts with better past forecasting performance, longer firm-specific experience, or forecasting earlier, tend to be more subject to confirmation bias, consistent with some of the existing cognitive and social psychology theories. The results remain significant after controlling for analyst incentives. Finally, we distinguish evidence of confirmation bias from that of other important behavioral biases such as conservative bias.

The use of cognitive psychology-based human-computer interaction tax system in ceramic industry tax collection and management and economic development of Jingdezhen city.

This work aims to solve the complex problems of non-linearity, instability, and multiple economic factors in the tax forecast of the ceramic industry to ensure the sustainable development of the ceramic industry. The key influential indicators of the tax forecast are obtained by analyzing the principal components affecting the tax index. In addition, a human-computer interaction (HCI) system is established based on cognitive psychology theory to improve the user-friendliness of tax analysis. At the same time, the tax data of the ceramic industry in Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province in different years are used for the empirical analysis of the tax prediction of different prediction models, including particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and fusion algorithm (FA), and support vector machine (SVM). This work comprehensively analyzes the influence of the optimized tax supervision mode on the economic development of the ceramic industry and provides ideas for the development of the ceramic industry in Jingdezhen. The research results demonstrate that the main indicator affecting tax revenue is the added value of the primary and secondary industries. The optimized SVM based on grid search method can provide a comprehensive data base for tax forecasting. The optimization of the computer system based on cognitive psychology improves the model prediction accuracy by 10%, and the absolute error decreases from 6.9 to 1.8%. The tax forecast results indicate that the tax imbalance in Jingdezhen is increasing. Therefore, the government needs to attach great importance to the development of the ceramic industry and strictly implement the tax policy. The tax supervision model can alleviate the problems of low fiscal contribution rate, tax evasion, and management loopholes. In addition, the SVM tax prediction model optimized by grid search method will lay a theoretical foundation for the research and application of taxation in the ceramic industry.

Cognitive motivations and foundations for building intelligent decision-making systems

Concepts based on psychology fit well with current research trends related to robotics and artificial intelligence. Biology-inspired cognitive architectures are extremely useful in building agents and robots, and this is one of the most important challenges of modern science. Therefore, the widely viewed and far-reaching goal of systems research and engineering is virtual agents and autonomous robots that mimic human behavior in solving known and unknown problems. The article proposes, at a high level of generality, an operational cybernetic model of the human mind, developed with the use of carefully selected ideas taken from psychological knowledge. In particular, the work combines extensive knowledge drawn from both the theory of developmental cognitive psychology and the theory of motivation. The proposed mathematically developed operating blocks create a coherent and functional decision-making system containing all the elements necessary in autonomous robotics. The ISD system is under development. There is still a long way to go to full validation. However, as shown in several articles, the basic subsystems of the ISD system, i.e. motivational and emotional, have already been positively verified in operation. The overall purpose of this article is to show a blueprint of the overall concept of the entire ISD.

Turning the lean world upside down

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to extend the People Value Stream concept further by developing a view of what the world would look like through the eyes of a positive psychology employee-centred lens. The authors hope to provide a frame for further discussion, research and practical application in this area.Design/methodology/approachIn this conceptual paper, the authors draw on their collective 120 plus years of experience with Lean and Human Resource Management through leading, teaching, researching and consulting in the area.FindingsThe People Value Stream concept is extended here by ideating how the “Voice of the Employee” could be used to enhance the existing knowledge of Lean. Relying on a range of cognitive psychological theories, particularly Self-Determination Theory, the authors show how it might be possible to develop a highly engaged workforce primarily by unlocking their intrinsic motivation through a “Self-Development and Growth Cycle”. This cycle is the people-improvement version of the seminal Deming process-improvement PDCA cycle. It can be applied within a job crafting “Personal Cockpit”. The authors also highlight a range of outputs and wider implications that create a pull for team leaders and senior management wishing to move to a real Servant Leader model. It will also help those developing and supporting people-related policies and procedures both within organisations and in trade unions.Originality/valueThis paper turns the existing literature about people within Lean upside down. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, for the first time in an academic paper, it discusses what would be the implications for the Lean world if the authors truly started understanding and deploying the explicit “Voice of the Employee” rather than just the established Lean “Voice of the Owner”-led Hoshin Kanri approach. The authors show how a lack of knowledge in these areas by the Lean community is limiting Lean’s engagement of people and its sustainability.

The Influence of Artificial Intelligence Technology on Smart Music Teaching Driven by Mobile Internet

Under the trend of rapid development and popularization of modern computer technology and information technology, the field of music education has also penetrated and integrated advanced computer technology and information technology. As an important branch of computer science, artificial intelligence involves many cross-cutting comprehensive subject content. As an indispensable part of our life, music is an art that reflects the emotions of human real life, and it is an ideology older than language. The rapid development of technology has injected many new elements into music, gradually changing the way people write, perform, produce, and enjoy music. The Internet has injected new elements and content into music education. It has transformed the original methods of writing, performing, producing, and appreciating music education and has had a great impact on music education concepts and teaching models. The future development trend of music education makes music education reach a new height under the application of artificial intelligence technology. Based on the current research results at home and abroad, this thesis closely integrates music theory and computational methods and advocates the comprehensive application of music theory, cognitive psychology, music cognition, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, signal processing, and other theories to solve music problems. Signal analysis identifies problems. In-depth discussion of the possibility and development trend of artificial intelligence technology applied to music education.

“Do you eat insects?” Acceptance of insects as food by children

PurposeWhile recent academic research on entomophagy has predominantly focused on adults, the purpose of this child-centred research is to obtain a better understanding of young consumer acceptance of insect-based foods.Design/methodology/approachTwo qualitative studies were conducted with a total of 43 French children aged 8–13 years. Study 1 (n = 22), based on semi-directive interviews, and Study 2 (n = 21), based on focus groups, included projective techniques and exposure to different types of insect-based products to help children express their feelings and thoughts.FindingsThe evidence shows that in Western children’s minds, insects are considered as culturally non-edible. Children predominantly reject insects as food because of their sensory properties and the disgust they arouse. However, their interest in eating insect-based food is embedded within experiential contexts specific to childhood, in particular the peer group, which makes insect-eating fun and challenging, and the family, which offers a protective and reassuring setting.Practical implicationsThe authors advocate changing children’s sensory perception of insect-eating food through sensory and participatory activities. Manufacturers and policymakers should also draw on children’s peer culture to associate insect-eating with positive social experiences and foster peer influence.Originality/valueDrawing on cognitive psychology theories and the literature in food science on food rejection, the authors contribute to emerging consumer research on alternative food consumption (AFC) focusing on cognitive, emotional and social factors of acceptance or rejection of insect-based foods by children.

The Relevance of Virtual-Assisted Early Childhood Education and Occupational Psychotherapy Based on Emotional Interaction.

This paper presents an in-depth study and analysis of the relevance of early childhood education to occupational psychotherapy using a virtual-assisted affective interaction approach. Starting from the educational theory of interactive cognitive psychology, the theoretical basis for parent-child picture book education for interactive learning is explored, as well as the theoretical development after the introduction of AR technology. Firstly, the analysis of young children's emotions involves massive image processing, and the use of cloud computing architecture leads to high latency, while young children's safety is a latency-sensitive service. Secondly, face recognition accuracy based on static images is not high due to problems such as inconspicuous facial features of toddlers and low-quality kindergarten surveillance videos. In this paper, a face identity correction model based on location features is proposed and the superiority of the model is demonstrated through experiments. Finally, this paper analyzes and mines the emotional data of young children. The level of kindergarten teachers' awareness of early childhood mental health education generally showed an upward trend as their titles rose, and there were significant differences in the seven dimensions of early childhood mental health, the purpose and meaning of early childhood mental health education, implementers, targets, content, pathways, and effects; significant differences existed between teachers of different kindergarten natures, and there were significant differences in the purpose and meaning of early childhood mental health education, implementers, targets, content, pathways, effects, and mental health education for young children. Therefore, this paper proposes a face identity correction model based on position information, which considers both the correlation between pixel values in the spatial domain and the correlation between frames in the temporal domain. This paper has developed an emotion analysis system for kindergartens and put it into use in kindergartens to meet the needs of monitoring the safety of young children and evaluating early childhood education and has received good feedback from users, demonstrating the effectiveness of the system.

Argumentation, cognition, and the epistemic benefits of cognitive diversity

The social epistemology of science would benefit from paying more attention to the nature of argumentative exchanges. Argumentation is not only a cognitive activity but a collaborative social activity whose functioning needs to be understood from a psychological and communicative perspective. Thus far, social and organizational psychology has been used to discuss how social diversity affects group deliberation by changing the mindset of the participants. Argumentative exchanges have comparable effects, but they depend on cognitive diversity and emerge through critical interaction. An example of a cognitive psychological theory is discussed that explains how mutual reasoning affects how we think, make decisions, and solve problems, as well as how cognitive biases may facilitate an efficient division of cognitive labor. These observations are compared with the existing results in the social epistemology of science. Moreover, I explicate the conceptual differences between the distributed and social processing of information. While argumentative exchanges belong to the latter domain, most existing simulations model distributed processing, which may compromise their real-world relevance and proper conceptual interpretation. However, I aim not to criticize the existing simulation methods but to promote an approach from the cognitive psychology of reasoning that complements the current use of organizational psychology and computer simulations by investigating a different set of mechanisms relating to similar phenomena of interest in the social epistemology of science.

THE INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL EFFECT ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR CHANGE

THE INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL EFFECT ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR CHANGE

Grounded Theory and Social Psychology Approach to Investigating the Formation of Construction Workers' Unsafe Behaviour.

There have been limited studies analyzing the causes of construction workers' unsafe behaviour from the social psychology perspective. Based on a Grounded Theory approach, this study first identified and defined seven coded categories related to workers' dangerous behaviour on construction sites. The original qualitative data were obtained from individual site interviews conducted with 35 construction professionals. These main categories were found connected to workers' status of safety awareness and sense of danger, which affected the type of unsafe behaviours, i.e., proactive, passive, or reactive behaviour. By further integrating social cognitive psychology theories into workers' behavioural decision-making process, the formation mechanism framework and diagram were developed to describe construction workers' unsafe behaviours based on the dynamic process of balancing the individual desires and perceived safety risks. This study advances the body of knowledge in construction safety behavioural management by performing in-depth theoretical analysis regarding workers' internal desires, activated by external scenarios and intervened by a personal safety cognition system, which could result in different motivations and various behavioural outcomes. It is argued that safety cognition serves as a mediated moderation system affecting behavioural performance. Practical suggestions on developing a proper safety management system incorporating safety education in guiding construction workers' site behaviours are presented.

Behavioural Finance –A study on its Bases and Paradigms

Traditionally rational models have been chosen in the field of economics and finance. Experimental psychology has provided the behavioural insights in finance and economics. Behavioural finance is a new field which explains the economic decisions of people. It is a field which combines behavioural and cognitive psychological theories with conventional economics and Finance. In this paper efforts have been made to provide a framework for the concept related to the behavioural finance. Review of literature is carried out so that different dimensions and views regarding behavioural finance can be understood. Theories, models and studies which try to complement behavioural finance studies are also discussed. New frontiers and approaches that can be adopted for further studies are discussed and it may help to provide a conceptual framework for future studies. Key Words: Behavioural Finance, Theories, Models, Conceptual Framework