Theoretical Reflection Research Articles

Enhancing Critical Digital Literacy of Preservice Preschool Teachers through Service Learning: The Moderator of Online Social Capital

This research delves into the examination of the correlation between service learning and critical digital literacy among preservice preschool teachers in Taiwan, with a particular emphasis on the role of online social capital. The survey took place in Taiwan with preservice preschool teachers who willingly completed a questionnaire. Initially, there were 416 data samples for further statistical analysis. This study utilizes literature reviews and theoretical reflections to examine the observed variables and factors in the “Service Learning and Critical Digital Literacy Scales” (SLCDL) questionnaire. To assess these aspects, a Chinese questionnaire is used, covering “service learning”, “critical digital literacy”, and “online social capital”. Using partial least squares analysis, researchers investigate the intricate interplay of online social capital in shaping the nexus between service learning experiences and the advance of critical digital literacy competencies. These results showed that service learning increased critical digital literacy among preservice preschool teachers, and online social capital played a mediating role in this relationship between service learning and critical digital literacy. We should actively encourage preservice preschool teachers to increase their critical awareness by understanding vulnerability and experiencing reality from the perspective of community partners. In addition, we need to provide more service learning opportunities that incorporate online social capital to enhance their critical digital literacy.

What’s (in) a game? An empirical reflection on the relationship of higher education students to their disciplines

ABSTRACT This paper contributes to attaining a clearer view and understanding of the processes of socially induced changes of students in the ‘game’ of higher education (HE). First, it engages in a critique of the gaps of some prominent current literature on HE. It asserts the relatively autonomous dimension of games, both for those privileged in it and those that are not. This autonomous dimension diverts outside influences (e.g. class, gender, ethnicity) in context-specific ways. It forces the sociologist to clarify the game, its rules and regulations, and to relate this clarified game with the specific reactions and adjustments of its students. The Goffmanian concepts of ‘game’ and ‘instrumental formal organisation’ are used for that purpose. The relationship that outsider German economics students have to their subject game serves as an empirical case study. The paper suggests three types of relations (ways of playing) of student to disciplinary game, applicable to diverse circumstances – puzzle-solving, colonisation, and intransigence. These types of relations are fundamentally different, characterising an increasing degree of integration into the disciplinary game. In effect, the Goffmanian detour also invites further epistemological and theoretical reflections towards a revised- and re-sensitised study of students’ relationships to HE.

Trwający kryzys historii: Nowe iteracje. Tomasz Wiśniewski rozmawia z Kallem Pihlainenem

In this interview, Kalle Pihlainen discusses the challenges which academic historical writing meets from other ways of using history. The proliferation of these contexts seems to offer numerous new opportunities, but they need to be responded to with advance theoretical reflec-tion. It is important to not fall under the illusion of direct access to reality (historical reality included). Hence, mastery of the constructivist perspective is still needed for doing reliable historical research and theoretical reflection on history. Representation still proves to be one of the most important questions. Pihlainen stands firmly for the narrativist philosophy of history, although one of his main concerns are materiality and embodiment.

The health care management by nurses from the hospital infection control service in light of the Nursing Role Effectiveness Model

The objective was to reflect on the key concepts of the Middle Range Theory (TMA) Nursing Role Effectiveness Model (NREM) and its applicability in the management practices of Nurses working in the Hospital Infection Control Service. This is a theoretical-reflective study, which starts from the philosophical and epistemological conceptions of the TMA - NREM in order to reflect its applicability in the managerial actions of nurses who work in the Hospital Infection Control Service. For this reflection, the authors were based on the main concepts of the theory: structure (organization, nurse and patient), processes (independent, dependent and interdependent actions) and results (care sensitive to the nurse's actions). Through reflection, it can be seen that the key concepts of the aforementioned theory apply and at the same time support the theoretical reflection on the managerial actions of nurses who work in the Hospital Infection Control Service, contributing to elucidate how the interrelationship between the variables of this medium-range theory can favor better results than the reduction of infections in hospital units. It was possible to conclude that the managerial actions of nurses who work in the Hospital Infection Control Service are interrelated, capable of generating sensitive nursing care for patients hospitalized in hospital units.

RUSSIAN ROMANTICISM FROM LERMONTOV TO NABOKOV. WEISSKOPF M.M. AGONY AND THE REVIVAL OF ROMANTICISM. MOSCOW, NOVOE LITERATURNOE OBOZRENIE PUBL., 2022. 600 P.

The analysis of the romantic tradition in Russian literature is a crosscutting plot of the collection Agony and the Revival of Romanticism. The main objects of research are the style (plot motifs, images, verbal formulas) of famous romantic writers against the background of their contemporary literature of the second and third rows and reminiscences from romantic writings in the works of authors of later eras. Mikhail Weisskopf’s book is an important scientific study. The revealed echoes of the works of M. Lermontov and N. Gogol with contemporary romantic works are an extremely valuable result: against this background, it is more obvious what belongs to the era, being a common property, and what belongs to the artistic discoveries of this or that writer. An interesting and convincing interpretation of The Pied Piper by A. Grin, in which symbolism is found, goes back to Judeophobic mythology. Of great importance for commenting and researching the works of V. Nabokov of the Russian period are numerous reminiscences, mainly from romantic and neo-romantic works, indicated by the scholar. The book is clearly lacking in theoretical reflection on the found textual overlaps. Non-functional inclusions of ‘alien text’ - borrowings (this is the case of Lermontov and Gogol) and significant references to other texts - reminiscences (the case of Nabokov) are not distinguished. This flaw is explained by the fact that The Agony and Revival of Romanticism, despite the presence of several main plots in the book, is not a monograph, but a collection of articles written at different times.

POISONING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Over the past decade, the proliferation of electronic devices, wearables, and information technology has enabled the collection and extraction of vast amounts of personal and behavioural data, penetrating our biological and physical nature. We are witnessing the gradual transformation of data mining into life mining. The big data collected feeds machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence systems, which effectively implement real-time surveillance of our lives, mainly for commercial purposes. Starting from theoretical reflections on the relationship between humans and non-humans in AI, the essay identifies some projects by fashion and jewellery designers that subvert the ubiquitous surveillance system, acting concretely in specific processual and technological dynamics. Finally, by adopting a disruptive approach, the essay seeks to chart new spaces of design thinking that disobey or begin to question the prevailing logic involved in AI.

Relationship marketing and customer value proposition. Analysis and theoretical reflection

El marketing relacional y la propuesta de valor son componentes esenciales en la gestión de relaciones con los clientes y son fundamentales para establecer vínculos de fidelización a largo plazo. En un mercado cada vez más competitivo, las empresas buscan maneras de destacar y obtener ventajas competitivas. En este sentido, el presente artículo tuvo como objetivo conocer en base a un análisis y reflexión teórica, si el marketing relacional y una idónea propuesta de valor contribuyen a tener relaciones redituables con los clientes a largo plazo. El estudio se basó en la selección de 26 referencias utilizando la metodología de revisión sistemática PRISMA. Luego de realizar búsquedas en bases de datos como Scopus, WOS y Scielo, se definieron criterios de inclusión y exclusión, lo que condujo a la identificación de 13 estudios más relevantes realizados entre los años 2016 a 2021 para su posterior análisis, interpretación de resultados y discusión. Los hallazgos resaltan la importancia de las estrategias de marketing enfocadas en el cliente y el impacto positivo de una propuesta de valor adecuada en la construcción de relaciones duraderas. Se concluye que una gestión efectiva del marketing relacional y de la propuesta de valor tiene un efecto favorable en la retención y la toma de decisiones de compra por parte del cliente.

Exploring and reflecting on the influences that shape teacher professional digital competence frameworks

ABSTRACT The importance of Digital Competence in teacher education has increased in recent years resulting in a range of digital competency frameworks aimed at guiding national and regional governments in their integration of digital competence in teacher education. The discourses and assumptions underpinning digital competence frameworks are discussed in this paper using two influential supra-national competency frameworks, the UNESCO ICT Competency Framework for Teachers and the DigCompEdu, as examples. The theoretical reflection argues that several influences have shaped the current discourse. These influences include the rise of teacher performance and competency frameworks, the tradition of ranking teachers’ levels of technology use and the techno-centric education discourses that align technology use with constructivist practices. Through this theoretical reflection, the paper raises questions about their use in, and implications for, teacher education arguing that, while such frameworks provide helpful guidance for policy makers and teacher educators, they may stifle teachers’ professional autonomy and straight-jacket technology use in a linear and deterministic manner.

Gender and policies on paid family care: Overview of debate and theoretical reflections

Objective: This article discusses the implications of systematically including policies on paid family care in the concept of care policy for older people for theorizing the relationship between such policies and gender inequality. Background: In theoretical debates about the relationship between gender and care policy, most welfare state researchers agree that policies that support extra-familial care promote women’s participation in formal, paid work and can thus reduce gender inequality. By contrast, the role of policies that offer pay and elements of social security for family care in promoting gender equality is up for debate. Method: This article addresses the aforementioned debates’ key arguments by discussing the relationship between gender equality and care policies that actively support family caregivers. The argument is contextualized with examples of empirical findings from the literature. Results: We argue that, to some degree and under specific conditions, new policies on paid family care have the potential to reduce gender inequality. Conclusion: The article contributes to theoretical debates about gender and care policy by evaluating the implications of systematically including policies on paid family care in the study of care policy. This inclusion could clarify the circumstances under which policy support for family caregivers can contribute to fostering gender equality.

Does the Resilience learning game facilitate open innovation and global citizenship reflecting sustainability in Greek IT and Telecom industry?

<p>Multimedia learning and development depicts a long-standing challenge for immersive design and regenerative learning in education and industry. Contradictory findings for gaming learning outreach in relation to conventional learning mode seem to turn the learning gameplay challenge into an enduring one. Limited research outcomes exist not only for open innovation (inflow and outflow innovation aspects) but also for global citizenship reflecting sustainability in education and learning game technology, in particular. Therefore, this study rests on exploring open innovation and global citizenship attributes reflecting sustainability in traditional and learning gameplay modes within an IT and Telecom industry setting. We report on 59 Greek employees’ open innovation and global citizenship knowledge, attitudes and skills investigated after-workshop and after-Resilience gaming training in 2023. The attendees perceived the game as more constructive learning and development tool for open innovation and global citizenship capacity compared to conventional learning delivery. Open innovation was connected to aspects of global citizenship (diversity, interpersonal and problem-solving, and seeking knowledge about political/societal issues) that reflect sustainability post-Resilience gaming. Legal male gender and Athens municipality origin were associated with higher open innovation and diversity (element of global citizenship) attributes post-Resilience gameplay. The obtained evidence is discussed alongside theoretical and practical reflection and strands for additional research in learning game open innovation and global citizenship (sustainability) outreach in education and industry.</p>

Latin–Greek Code-Switching in Vicente Mariner’s (ca. 1570– 1642) Correspondence with Andreas Schott (1552–1629): A Case-Study

As one of very few authors from seventeenth-century Spain who chose to write in Ancient Greek, the work of Valencian Vicente Mariner (c.1570–1642) offers unique perspectives on the attitudes towards the classical languages in contemporary Iberia. Aside from a handful of published volumes, Mariner’s extensive, multilingual œuvre has been preserved in manuscript form. Mariner’s activity as a translator and Neo-Latin poet has been of interest to scholars from a variety of disciplines since the mid-twentieth century. The author’s deliberations on Ancient Greek, Latin and the vernaculars (Castilian and Valencian/Catalan) have also received the attention of theorists interested in the historical relationships between the classical and modern languages. More recently, Mariner’s poetic production in Greek has become the object of interest within the context of a turn to “Neo-Ancient Greek” literature.While earlier studies invariably reflect on the relationship between Greek and Latin in the author’s work and his attitudes towards them, Mariner’s bilingual correspondence with humanist friends and colleagues has yet to become the object of focused attention. As granular evidence the choices involved in Mariner’s use of Greek and Latin thanks to its numerous moments of code-switching, this paper offers a close-reading of a letter addressed by Mariner to prominent Belgian scholar André Schott (1552–1629) in April 1617. Alongside considerations of the communicative significance of the numerous switches between Latin and Greek in the document, this contribution also compares Mariner’s use of the languages in his letter with his theoretical reflections on Greek and Latin and their relationship in his poetry.

What is Legal Theory?

In recent years, legal theory has developed into a generic term for multidisciplinary legal thinking. Under the heading of legal theory, scholars have explored novel pathways to legal research by using insights and methodologies from a multitude of research fields ranging from cultural studies and economics to genetics and neuroscience. This development stands in contrast to the classic field definition of 20th-century legal theory and 19thcentury general jurisprudence. The classic view conceived both legal theory and its precursor, general jurisprudence, as deliberately anti-philosophical approaches to theoretical reflection on the general structures of positive law. More recently, however, a shift in the internal structure as well as the epistemic aims of legal scholarship has taken place. The present article analyses this development within the framework of the history and philosophy of science. It suggests that interdisciplinar knowledge is a vital and indeed intrinsic part of legal scholarship. An unchartered space nevertheless remains between the disciplinary and the multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary forms of legal knowledge. The recent shift in the research agenda of legal theory highlights this theoretical vacuum, and it is precisely here that the present article situates the potential for a philosophically sophisticated legal theory. It argues that legal theory can best fulfil its goal if it provides tools for multidisciplinar theorising as well as categories for critical reflection on the preconditions of legal epistemology. This essay thus presents legal theory as a philosophical theory of multidisciplinary jurisprudence. KEYWORDS: legal theory; general jurisprudence; multidisciplinarity; philosophy of science; history of science

The boring apocalypse: The representation of flat affects in contemporary British pandemic novels

In his 2021 opinion article in The New York Times, Adam Grant called the COVID-19 pandemic the ‘boring apocalypse’. Indeed, while pre-pandemic imaginaries of global pandemics tended to focus on spectacular killer viruses, for many people in the Global North, the challenge of the pandemic was, if not boredom, then a sense of recurring routine. Although the pandemic also created strong affects like fear and anger, this article will look at the ‘flat affects’ that grew out of the sense of stasis. The theoretical framework of the article is based on the thinking of Lauren Berlant. My theoretical reflection is followed by an analysis of three British novels written during the pandemic: Sarah Moss’ The Fell, Sarah Hall’s Burntcoat and Clare Pollard’s Delphi. I will, above all, focus on the representations of affective responses to the routines of the pandemic in the often overlooked private sphere.

Global Religious History and Genealogical Critique

Karénina Kollmar-Paulenz presents an approach to religious studies that combines source interpretation with critical theoretical reflection. She questions European dominance in defining religion and argues for a globalised, multicentric method that includes European and non-European perspectives on an equal footing. However, her approach still faces the challenge of decentralising Europe as the primary conceptual reference in this field.

Design of a 1D PhC biosensor with enhanced sensitivity based on useful features provided for the detection of waterborne bacteria

In this article, we propose a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D-PhC) biosensor design to detect water-borne bacteria such as Shigella, Vibrio cholera, Salmonella, and E. coli. The theoretical reflectance spectrum of a 1D-PhC and the sensitivity of types of bacteria such as Shigella flexneri, Salmonella, E. coli, and Vibrios cholera are investigated by using the transfer matrix method and MATLAB software. The impact of incident angle and central wavelength on the performance and sensitivity of biosensors are studied. The suggested sensor's sensing process is dependent on variations in the refractive indices of different species of bacteria. The variation in the central wavelength, angle of incidence, the sensitivity of the proposed structure, and other parameters such as full width at half maximum, quality factor, damping ratio, and detection limit can be enhanced. The obtained average sensitivity of our design has a value of 4073 nm/RIU at optimum conditions of defect layer thickness and incident angle. Also, the proposed biosensor design exhibits a high quality factor value of 10996.2165 and a low detection limit value of 0.44607×10-5\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$0.44607 \ imes \\,10^{ - 5}$$\\end{document} RIU.

Социальная философия парадипломатии и национальные интересы: баланс между открытостью и закрытостью

Studying the socio-philosophical foundations of politics and trying to see the horizons of the evolution of collec-tive actors in the context of the digital revolution, we should pay close attention to certain gaps and underesti-mated institutions that, in our opinion, play an important role in modern communication. The article is devoted to the socio-philosophical analysis of the essence and forms of paradiplomacy. The relevance of this topic is dictated, on the one hand, by the fact that in the conditions of Western sanctions pressure on Russia, the search for new ways to protect the national interests of the Russian Federation is being actualized, on the other, by the understanding that many mechanisms of such protection have been working for a long time, but need general theoretical and practical reflection. The methodology of the work is based on a socio-philosophical analysis of social reality and concepts of society as an organizational form of people’s joint activity. It is from this position that the search for the structure-forming foundations of the system of social relations is carried out on the ex-ample of the phenomenon of paradiplomacy.

The Quintilian School in the history of Social Choice: an early tentative step from plurality rule to pairwise comparisons

We present two texts from Roman Empire times that add two early appearances to the stream of the history of Social Choice Theory. One is from the School of Rhetoric of Quintilian (35–96), a contemporary of Pliny the Younger, who developed an early criticism of Plurality rule and, in search of a better method, sketched a choice by pairwise comparisons. The other is from Aulus Gellius (160–180), who used the term “aporia” applied to a voting problem while commenting on a voting by Plurality that yielded counterintuitive or seemingly illogical results. These early analyses and critiques of Plurality rule reveal the flaws of a system that, despite its intuitive or spontaneous appeal, has evident failures that have triggered theoretical reflection from remote times. The two texts also show how paradoxical and problematic situations serve as powerful incentives for reflection and advancement of knowledge and can trigger attempts to address and refine voting and election methods to find more robust and fair alternatives.

Value history jako instrument przedłużenia autonomicznego charakteru decyzji terapeutycznej poza moment utraty świadomości

The concept underlying the institution of pro futuro declarations is the will to extend the possibility to determine one’s own fate beyond the moment of unconsciousness. Subsequent generations of such declarations have been the result of a search for solutions to adequately reflect the individual’s aspirations while at the same time securing their effective "enforcement". Currently, particularly within Anglo-Saxon legal culture, there is a growing interest in the institution of value history as an instrument providing justification for first- and second-generation anticipatory declarations by referring to the patient's hierarchy of values, worldview and beliefs. It is recognised, however, that such declarations make it possible not only to extend the patient's ability to determine his or her own future beyond the moment of unconsciousness, but also to attribute to such a disposition the qualities of an autonomous decision, i.e. one made by a competent person, freely exercised, informed and intentional. However, the possibility of exploiting the full potential of value history declarations is conditioned by the appropriate design of the form (in terms of both content and design) and an adequate information procedure that should precede the drafting of the declaration. Remarkably, the purely theoretical reflection that has been present since the 1980s regarding the desirable features of third-generation pro futuro declaration forms is now increasinglytaking the shape of considerations supported by consultations and research involving the participation of patients. Nevertheless, the fact that the institution of a living will or a power of attorney for health care has not yet been regulated at a statutory level in the domestic legalframework is a serious obstacle to the use of the possibilities offered by value history declarations within the Polish health care system.

A Drivers Framework of Organizational SDG Engagement

This paper constitutes a theoretical reflection on organizational engagement with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Despite the widespread adoption of such engagements, a precise definition and positioning of organizational SDG engagement are lacking in the literature. This gap also extends to the underlying motivations driving organizations to actively engage with the SDGs. To address these, this study aims to achieve two key objectives. Firstly, it seeks to establish a foundational understanding by defining and delineating the concept of organizational SDG engagement, recognizing its distinctiveness from Corporate Sustainability (CS) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Secondly, leveraging existing literature on CS and CSR, we propose a comprehensive driver framework for organizational SDG engagement. This framework underscores morality, efficiency, and legitimacy as primary drivers. The overarching goal of this reflective paper is, therefore, to enhance the theoretical comprehension of organizational SDG engagement by applying and integrating existing literature into the conceptual framework.

Inseparability between public health, planetary health and the nursing process: premise for sustainable development.

The aim is to conduct theoretical reflection on the inseparability among public health, planetary health and the nursing process in light of complexity thinking, with the aim of contributing to healthy and sustainable development. Study with a theoretical-reflexive approach that accessed bibliographical sources from contemporary authors who defend the inseparability between public health and planetary health and, at the same time, provide theoretical-systemic support to the nursing process, under an inductive critical bias. The nursing process is conceived as a complex phenomenon, which comprises interdependent dynamics, dialogical approaches, critical-reflective perception and prospective leadership. Theoretical reflection on the nursing process and sustainable development raises an expanded, contextualized and interdependent look at the role of nursing professionals in different health contexts, in order not to compromise well-being and environmental health.