Theoretical Purposes Research Articles

INTER-COUPLED TSUNAMI MODELLING THROUGH AN ABSORBING-GENERATING BOUNDARY

For many practical and theoretical purposes, various types of tsunami wave models have been developed and utilized so far. Some distinction among them can be drawn based on governing equations used by the model. Shallow water equations and Boussinesq equations are probably most typical ones among others since those are computationally efficient and relatively accurate compared to 3D Navier-Stokes models. From this idea, some coupling effort between Boussinesq model and shallow water equation model have been made (e.g., Son et al. (2011)). In the present study, we couple two different types of tsunami models, i.e., nondispersive shallow water model of characteristic form(MOST ver.4) and dispersive Boussinesq model of non-characteristic form(Son and Lynett (2014)) in an attempt to improve modelling accuracy and efficiency.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/cTXybDEnfsQ

Methodological Insights Theory development in qualitative management control: revisiting the roles of triangulation and generalization

PurposeThis research paper seeks to advance the techniques of “within-paradigm” triangulation and theoretical generalization adopted in qualitative field studies for new theory development in management control.Design/methodology/approachUsing the evidence gleaned from three positivist case studies along with some published interpretivist studies, this paper identifies three triangulation approaches and links them with three forms of theoretical generalization in qualitative field studies.FindingsWhile the “literal” approach to triangulation has its place in the extant literature, this study finds that two other approaches, labeled “convergent” and “normative” triangulation, which are relevant in many circumstances to link multiple pieces of evidence in order to build credible explanations. In theory development, while the extant forms of theoretical generalization (constructive and contextual) are useful for identifying new solutions for both practical and theoretical concerns, this paper finds that a third form, namely “transposed” logic, is relevant in identifying new control problems that can benefit by adopting the observed unusual solutions.Originality/valueWithin triangulation, while the extant literature endorses the role of literal triangulation in obtaining consistent evidence, including how verifying inconsistent responses helps improve the validity of the obtained evidence, this paper advances two new triangulation approaches that can enrich the extant literature. Within theoretical generalization, while the extant literature deems constructive and contextual forms as “rhetoric”, this paper (1) expands their status to “logic” by clarifying their theoretical purpose and (2) introduces one new form, namely “transposed” logic that helps identify a generalizable range of management control problems that can adopt the observed unusual solution.

Multi-asset generalized variance swaps in Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard model

This paper proposes swaps on two important new measures of generalized variance, namely, the maximum eigenvalue and trace of the covariance matrix of the assets involved. We price these generalized variance swaps for Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard model used in financial markets. We consider multiple assets in the portfolio for theoretical purpose and demonstrate our approach with numerical examples taking three stocks in the portfolio. The results obtained in this paper have important implications for the commodity sector where such swaps would be useful for hedging risk.

Quagmire in Civil War. Schulhofer‐Wohl, JonahCambridge, Cambridge University Press (2020), 340 p., ISBN 9781108708265

Quagmire in Civil War. Schulhofer‐Wohl, JonahCambridge, Cambridge University Press (2020), 340 p., ISBN 9781108708265

Focal points and their implications for Möbius transforms and Dempster-Shafer Theory

Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST) generalizes Bayesian probability theory, offering useful additional information, but suffers from a much higher computational burden. A lot of work has been done to reduce the time complexity of information fusion with Dempster’s rule, which is a pointwise multiplication of two zeta transforms, and optimal general algorithms have been found to get the complete definition of these transforms. Yet, it is shown in this paper that the zeta transform and its inverse, the Möbius transform, can be exactly simplified, fitting the quantity of information contained in belief functions. Beyond that, this simplification actually works for any function on any partially ordered set. It relies on a new notion that we call focal point and that constitutes the smallest domain on which both the zeta and Möbius transforms can be defined. We demonstrate the interest of these general results for DST, not only for the reduction in complexity of most transformations between belief representations and their fusion, but also for theoretical purposes. Indeed, we provide a new generalization of the conjunctive decomposition of evidence and formulas uncovering how each decomposition weight is tied to the corresponding mass function.

European Standards for Archaeological Wood - theoretical background, purpose, and application.

The successful management of archaeological wood finds from waterlogged sites starts in the planning phase of any excavation. From the moment of exposure, waterlogged wood finds are extremely vulnerable to a range of man-made and natural threats. There is a real risk of losing the artefact if it is not handled and conserved properly. This paper describes the process leading to the creation of CEN TC346 Standards for waterlogged wood, and how they will be applied within archaeological excavations and conservation. These, it is confidently expected, will provide European archaeologists, conservators and archaeological curators clear guidelines and decision-making tools for effectively managing finds of wood from waterlogged sites.

The Role of Intelligent Organisations in Creating Favourable Conditions for the Development of Entrepreneurship

Purpose: The theoretical purpose of this study was to determine the essence of smart specialisation in local administrative units, together with the identification of its impact on the level of entrepreneurship and socio-economic development of spatial units. The empirical purpose was to indicate the relationship between the level of development of intelligent organisations (IO) in counties and the degree of entrepreneurship intensity. Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper uses the method of literature studies, the standardised sums method, the weighted correlation method and cartographic analysis. Findings: Intelligent specialisation in a local administrative unit (LAU) can contribute to the development of entrepreneurship and accelerate the socio-economic development of the area. Investment attractiveness is more important for stimulating the development of entrepreneurship than intelligent organisation in local administrative units at the county level in Poland. Practical Implications: Results of the research can be used by local administrative units to shape the development strategy of an intelligent organization as well as of a smart specialisation. They can provide valuable practical guidance and synergies. Originality/Value: The paper identifies key features of the smart specialization strategy. The paper defines the intelligent organizations development level index in local administrative units of the county level in Poland in 2018 based on a set of variables. A method of constructing typologies of local administrative units is based on indices determining the level of intelligent organization, investment attractiveness and entrepreneurship. The methodological concept can be used to assess the level of development of IOs in taxonomic units of different levels in different countries.

To lump or to split? Possible subtypes of apraxia of speech

ABSTRACT Background The speculation that apraxia of speech (AOS) is not a unitary diagnosis, but consists of different subtypes instead, has been around for decades. However, attempts to empirically substantiate such a notion remain few and far between. Aims The primary objective of this article is to consider the different bases for identifying subtypes of AOS, review existing evidence regarding subtypes under each classification basis, and provide discussion and implications for future research. Main Contribution AOS subtypes have been proposed on the basis of clinical symptomatology, theoretical constructs, and an analogy to limb apraxia. Different possible subtypes of AOS are reviewed, along with their empirical support and limitations. Empirical evidence, particularly in the context of a progressive disease, supports the idea that AOS diagnosis may capture different underlying impairments of speech motor planning. Future research to advance our understanding of AOS should carefully consider the basis for subtype classification, and include large sample sizes to differentiate individual variability from possible subtypes. Conclusions Several proposed AOS subtypes have found some support in the literature. Further research is needed to determine the validity, coherence and utility of possible AOS subtypes for theoretical and clinical purposes.

Making the invisible, visible: a twenty-first century approach to tertiary preparation, attainment and access for student equity

ABSTRACT The U@Uni Academy provides a case study of a composite preparation and access programme, integrating key elements of widening participation, alternate entry and enabling schemes. It is offered to students from a low socioeconomic background andfocuses on non-traditional indicators of attainment in order to prepare for, access and successfully transition from secondary school to higher education. This article outlines the methodological and theoretical approach, purpose, and context surrounding the programme, as well as its significancewithin the contemporary Australian and international education systems. The strengthening momentum of alternate entry and enabling schemes within the context of equity and diversity in higher education is illuminated, highlighting the need for innovative approaches in this sector. Such a perspective invites the international education community to reframe how they approach attainment, admissions and success, shifting from a traditional focus on high-stakes, single-mark assessment, to a rich, layered and contextualised representation of a student’s skills and, through this, revealing the often invisible potential of a student. This is timely within the global context of future-focused tertiary education and debate surrounding admissions processes across the Australian higher education sector. Its significance is underscored by potential to influence the landscape of university admissions on a broader scale.

Investigation on Shear Capacity of Joints between Steel Reinforced Concrete Special-Shaped Column and Reinforced Concrete Beam

Steel reinforced concrete special-shaped column structural has all priorities of steel reinforced structure and special-shaped column structure. The design of steel reinforced concrete special-shaped column joints is of great importance to ensure that this new structural can be widely used in earthquake area. This research adopted the new joint design style, and the pseudo-static test is carried out on three joints (JD-1, JD-2 and JD-3) between the steel reinforced concrete special-shaped column and the reinforced concrete beam, and one joint (JD-4) between reinforced concrete special-shaped column and concrete beam. The working mechanism of joints and the function of steel in the shearing-resistant mechanism are analyzed. Based on the results of experimental research, this article put forward formulas on the cracking capacity and shearing resistant capacity of these joints with theoretical and applicative purposes. Take into account all these facts, the behavior of high resistant capacity and reliability of the joint design method has been manifested. Some conclusions derived from this research can be used as a reference for engineering practice.

Cost efficiency measurement with price uncertainty: a data envelopment analysis

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique is commonly utilized for efficiency assessment in a variety of fields for both theoretical and applicational purposes. In classic cost efficiency measurement models, the input and output data and input prices should be known for each decision-making unit (DMU). However, in real-life markets the input prices are not precisely defined for DMUs. In this paper, we shed light on the fact that fixed prices assumption cannot reflect the reality of situations, because market will force lower prices if greater amounts of a product are purchased. It can be said that discounts are automatically considered in these circumstances. To this end, an innovative idea is considered to modify the classic cost efficiency DEA model in order to investigate the situations of real-life markets. Then, by an empirical example, a comparison between the proposed approach and the classic cost efficiency model is provided.

There is a distinctively epistemic kind of blame

AbstractIs there a distinctively epistemic kind of blame? It has become commonplace for epistemologists to talk about epistemic blame, and to rely on this notion for theoretical purposes. But not everyone is convinced. Some of the most compelling reasons for skepticism about epistemic blame focus on disanologies, or asymmetries, between the moral and epistemic domains. In this paper, I defend the idea that there is a distinctively epistemic kind of blame. I do so primarily by developing an account of the nature of epistemic blame. My account draws on a prominent line of theorizing in moral philosophy that ties blame to our relationships with one another. I argue that with my account of epistemic blame on hand, the most compelling worries about epistemic blame can be deflated. There is a distinctively epistemic kind of blame.

The Place of the Bifactor Model in Confirmatory Factor Analysis Investigations Into Construct Dimensionality in Language Testing.

For practical and theoretical purposes, tests of second language (L2) ability commonly aim to measure one overarching trait, general language ability, while simultaneously measuring multiple sub-traits (e.g., reading, grammar, etc.). This tension between measuring uni- and multi-dimensional constructs concurrently can generate vociferous debate about the precise nature of the construct(s) being measured. In L2 testing, this tension is often addressed through the use of a higher-order factor model wherein multidimensional traits representing subskills load on a general ability latent trait. However, an alternative modeling framework that is currently uncommon in language testing, but gaining traction in other disciplines, is the bifactor model. The bifactor model hypothesizes a general factor, onto which all items load, and a series of orthogonal (uncorrelated) skill-specific grouping factors. The model is particularly valuable for evaluating the empirical plausibility of subscales and the practical impact of dimensionality assumptions on test scores. This paper compares a range of CFA model structures with the bifactor model in terms of theoretical implications and practical considerations, framed for the language testing audience. The models are illustrated using primary data from the British Council’s Aptis English test. The paper is intended to spearhead the uptake of the bifactor model within the cadre of measurement models used in L2 language testing.

Theoretical contributions on the midiatization and regionalization of communication

Since the 1980s, an intense process of Midiatization and Regionalization of Communication has been observed in Brazil. Such sociocultural, economic and technological changes reflect on the evolution of media processes, being present in the modes of organization and functioning of the media with society. This article, produced through a case study (YIN, 2005), addresses the business and communication altogether of the Claudino Group, Coca-Cola and Fiat, which through the structuring and development of a regional media retain public and establish a positive image of its brand in the Brazilian media context. For theoretical construction purposes, the concepts of the following authors were considered: Fadul (2007), Neto (2008), Peruzzo (2009), Lima (2005), Melo (2006), Braga (2012) and Branco (2012). We note that the actions developed in the context of the communication of both organizations ended up building and implementing new interactional processes, also triggering the influence of the organization on the culture of a given locality. (Image by Sasin Tipchai from Pixabay)

Optimization: an attempt to establish empirical evidence for theoretical and practical purposes

Optimal best practice is a central feat of human agency. It emphasizes a state of flourishing and reflects, in this case, the paradigm of positive psychology. One research inquiry that is of interest relates to an explanatory account of how a person reaches a state of optimal best. Recent research development has considered an important psychological process, known as optimization, which may explain a person’s achievement of optimal best practice. Having said this, very little is known about the process of optimization. In this article, the authors report on a non-experimental study (N = 352 secondary school students), which focused on the testing of a theoretical model of optimization. Innovatively, derived from existing theorizations and empirical evidence, the authors provide a methodological rationalization of flourishing, which is defined as a “quantitative difference” between a person’s current level of best practice (denoted as L1) and his/her optimal level of best practice (denoted as L2). Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated a few major findings, for example, (i) a positive association between a person’s optimal best practice and his/her academic performance in a subject matter, (ii) a person’s current level of best practice acts as a determinant of optimal best practice, and (iii) personal resolve, as a psychological optimizing agent, directly influences optimal best practice, and potentially mediating the effects of academic striving and a person’s current level of best practice on optimal best practice.

Laboratório Tecnológico de Inovação Pedagógica e Aprendizagem - (LaTIPA)

This article addresses the theoretical conceptions and purposes of creating the Technological Laboratory of Pedagogical Innovation and Learning (LaTIPA). From a theoretical review of technological innovation concepts in learning processes, the laboratory was systematized to create pedagogical innovations through innovative actions and projects involving applied technology. In this work, we present the theoretical conceptions that substantiate this proposal. The results of this project are expected to come to consolidate the exposed motivations.

Biomass Allocation into Woody Parts and Foliage in Young Common Aspen (Populus tremula L.)—Trees and a Stand-Level Study in the Western Carpathians

Our research of common aspen (Populus tremula L.) focused on the forested mountainous area in central Slovakia. Forest stands (specifically 27 plots from 9 sites) with ages between 2 and 15 years were included in measurements and sampling. Whole tree biomass of aspen individuals was destructively sampled, separated into tree components (leaves, branches, stem, and roots), and then dried and weighed. Subsamples of fresh leaves from three crown parts (upper, middle, and lower) were scanned, dried, and weighed. Allometric biomass models with stem base diameter as an independent variable were derived for individual tree components. Basic foliage traits, i.e., leaf mass, leaf area, and specific leaf area, were modelled with regard to tree size and leaf position within the crown. Moreover, biomass stock of the woody parts and foliage as well as the leaf area index were modelled using mean stand diameter as an independent variable. Foliage traits changed with both tree size and crown part. Biomass models showed that foliage contribution to total tree biomass decreased with tree size. The total foliage area of a tree increased with tree size, reaching its maximum value of about 12 m2 for a tree with a diameter of 120 mm. Leaf area index increased with mean stand diameter, reaching a maximum value of 13.5 m2 m−2. Since no data for biomass allocation for common aspen had been available at either the tree or stand levels, our findings might serve for both theoretical (e.g., modelling of growth processes) and practical (forestry and agro-forestry stakeholders) purposes.

Uber’s bumpy ride in China

Theoretical basis The purpose of this paper is to explore all the strategies adopted by Uber China to gain more and more market shares of Chinese markets. It included localization of its core product, adaptation to Chinese demands and tying up with different Chinese companies. Research methodology The case study has been prepared after thoroughly studying Uber’s business in China. Secondary data is collected from credible sources such as the Uber website, newspapers, interviews and journal publications. This data helped in arriving at a basic understanding of the company, its objectives, strategies and the business model. The strategies formulated by Uber and the challenges it faced while operating in China are studied and explained based on this secondary data. Various published papers, reports released by reputed organizations and universities, interviews of managers and experts and research papers were also used to develop this case. Case overview/synopsis This case is developed considering the bent of today’s consumers toward sharing economy. The scope of businesses based on the concept of sharing economy is very wide and is increasing. China’s sharing economy sector was one of the fastest economies in the world. The case chronicles ride of Uber in China: from its entry in the country, strategies adopted, challenges faced and to the exit from China. Complexity academic level International business management at the undergraduate and postgraduate programs in management

7. The Burke’s Pentad Heuristic: Potentiality for Creative Idea Generation in Graphic Communication Design

Abstract The Burke’s Pentad (Act, Agent, Agency, Scene and Purpose) is a creative idea generation guide for dramatism (or dramatistic framework). Its utilization to probe, often engenders a process of stochastic combination, whereby a vista of multiple ideational variations emerge in one’s mind, from which an appropriate subset could be selected and implemented. This usually affords inspiration, creative flow and energy that are pivotal for success in drama as much as in visual communication. However, there is prevalent unawareness of the potentials of the Pentad model as a veritable structure to creating innovative ideas in art and design. Therefore, this paper focused on the potentiality of the Pentad for creating and or analyzing ideas on form generation for pedagogical, practical, or theoretical purpose in graphic communication design. Towards this end, a triangulation of methods: critical-historical-analytic examination, artistic exploration, and content analysis are employed. The paper introduced the reader to the need for a strategy to generate new ideas, stimulate creative thinking, and enhance self-motivation in visual expression for structural and human development. Furthermore, it highlighted the processes of creativity, and form generation for material culture development. Also, the paper discussed the Pentad and its utilization for generating new ideas in art/design. It was found that the Pentad is indispensable in generating ideas for creating, interpreting and teaching visual form. The paper ended with the need for visual communicators to be acquainted by use of the Pentad for creative ideas to generate product with satisfactory outcomes.

A Holistic Approach to Financial Data Science: Data, Technology, and Analytics

The scientific analysis of financial data, both for practical and theoretical purposes, has continuously been an active and evolving area. Traditionally, financial modeling and analysis have primarily relied on financial econometrics, which applies statistical methods to the problems of finance. Recently, advances in analytical and algorithmic methods, powerful technological solutions, and the expansion of the financial data ecosystem have created new opportunities and provided novel and robust ways to solve existing and new problems in finance. To expand the scope of financial econometrics and incorporate these novelties, the field of financial data science (FDS) has emerged. Crucially, FDS adds more interdisciplinary, methodological variety and technological components to the analysis process, thus generating the need for a holistic view in the management of an FDS project. In this article, the author presents a holistic and structured approach to efficiently and effectively manage an FDS project. The main contribution of the article is to provide a comprehensive, financial domain–oriented approach to FDS management that can be used by researchers and practitioners to exploit the opportunities arising from the evolving finance landscape. TOPICS:Statistical methods, simulations, big data/machine learning Key Findings • Financial data science is presented as an emerging field that complements classical financial econometrics. • The financial data ecosystem is discussed in detail, illustrating the types and structures of financial data and their distinguishing features. • A strategy of nine interrelated parts is proposed to efficiently manage a financial data science project. The proposed approach can be used by industry professionals and academic researchers.