Blockchain technology, with its characteristics of decentralization, security, transparency, and traceability, brings new opportunities and challenges to the development of the digital economy and the digital art economy. Based on existing literature research, this paper deeply analyzes the core concepts and working principles of blockchain technology and explains its dual role in the digital economy and digital art economy from a theoretical perspective. On this basis, this paper conducts an empirical study on the application of blockchain technology in the digital economy and digital art economy through typical cases and explores future development trends of blockchain technology in this field.