Theoretical Outline Research Articles

La politique du logement pour les bas revenus à Lusaka, Zambie

HOUSING POLICIES FOR THE URBAN POOR IN LUSAKA, ZAMBIA After Independence in Zambia, the state realised that public housing projects were too costly and did not meet the needs of the low-income groups. In Lusaka this resulted in an increase in the squatter population. In 1974-75 the state embarked on a policy of radical land reform (nationalisation of all vacant and undeveloped land) and a major housing upgrading project. In this analysis of the housing policy, relations between the poor and the state are revealed. State intervention is analysed with reference to the theoretical outline proposed by R. Burgess. He stresses the economic and social functions of the capitalist and petty commodity modes of production. One of the main functions to be identified, that of the valorization of capital and land, raises several questions : does not the legalisation of tenure which accompanies these housing upgrading projects facilitate the penetration of merchant relations into the question of land development ? Does not a monopoly control of the housing production develop via control of the production of building materials ? Does an increase in public loans for housing construction mean that dependence on foreign capital can be avoided ? On another level the housing policy aims to maintain the social order and to legitimize the state by incorporating and thus controlling the squatters. A more in-depth analysis needs to be done of the structural limits of state intervention in housing, taking into account the persistance of the capitalist mode of production.

Corrosion Measurements Derived from Small Perturbation Non-Linearity—Part 1: Harmonic Analysis

Abstract Following recent theoretical studies on harmonic analysis by other authors, the experimental study reported herein was carried out. A brief theoretical outline is given and two experimenta...

Separation of macromolecules in isotachophoresis systems involving single or multiple counterions

The isotachcophoresis principle provides unique opportunities for rational designs of fractionation procedures involving charged molecules. Theoretically any two charged molecules that are soluble under the experimental conditions involved can be physically separated if their electrophoretic net mobilities differ only slightly in the electrophoresis medium used. A theoretical and practical outline is presented that enables the reader to set up this fractionation system and on a rational basis develop fractionation procedures for a given set of charged macromolecules by isotachophoresis with simple and well characterized ampholytes as spacer substances. The planning of preparative experiments in this approach is based on results obtained from rapid analytical screens on a microgram scale. The report includes an appendix containing the theoretical basis for computation of buffer compositions in the isotachophoretic steady state with mono/polyvalent constituents in systems involving one or more counterions and controlled amounts of interferiong ions.

The idea of secularization in the works of max weber: A theoretical outline

The last two decades have witnessed a re-discovery of the sociology of religion. Not accidentally, this resurgence roughly coincides with the publication of English translations of Weber's seminal theories and empirical studies of world religions. Many contemporary themes in the sociology of religion still draw heavily from Weber's ideas. Given his contemporary importance to the subject, it is somewhat surprising that no real attempt has been made to extrapolate from Weber's work a systematic theory of one of the most important themes of the sociology of religion: secularization. The author points to the fact that Weber himself rarely used the term “secularization,” though the idea is an important theme in much of his work. In this paper, the idea of secularization is examined in the context of Weber's work, paying special attention to the specific processes he had in mind whenever he referred to it. More generally, while not claiming to be comprehensive, the discussion attempts to fill the gap by presenting the general outlines of a systematic Weberian theory of secularization.

Dimensions of the Occupational Behaviour Model

Liz Goodwin and Harriet Woodside worked together on the in-patient psychiatric service at the McMaster University Medical Centre. Their papers were presented together at the Conference of the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapy in Toronto in June, 1975. The first paper gives a theoretical outline of the occupational behaviour model upon which the in-patient occupational therapy programme was patterned. It discusses the broad concepts used in the model, the effects of developmental gaps and institutionalization on occupational behaviour and some broad parameters of the treatment process involved in implementing the occupational behaviour model. The intent is to describe a theoretical framework for occupational therapy practice. The second paper is a personal description of one therapist's experience in implementing the occupational behaviour model. It relies on the preceding paper and suggests one way of developing the model in a patient setting. The ward programme, specifically the work and play aspects of patient scheduling, is discussed and case studies are given to illustrate the implementation of a major part of the ward programme, the work placements. Together, the papers try to suggest an over-riding philosophy of treatment which defines the unique and vital service occupational therapists can provide. They describe one way which this model can influence and give direction to treatment.

A technique for the measurement of electron density in a rotating plasma

A theoretical outline of a method for the measurement of electron density in a rotating plasma is given. The method is baaed on the measurement of the Faraday rotation produced by the Coriolis force.

Social differentiation and social originality

AbstractIn this article we have presented a theoretical outline and a body of empirical work relating to the processes of social differentiation and social originality.If, in a competition, someone else seems to possess a decisive advantage or if mere comparison with this other person constitutes a threat to social identity, there are signs, in given conditions, of a tendency to differentiate oneself from the other, to be different or to do something else, to invent new criteria of being or doing with others or to combine accepted criteria in an original way. In other words, one tends to give proof of originality or, to use a Darwinian metaphor, to occupy ‘vacant places’. Doubtless the strategies described here only apply to certain social systems in which the visibility of the agent is an important social value and in which comparison may pose a threat to that identity. The restoring of identity by way of the search for otherness merits the attention of social psychology.But originality is not necessarily accepted or not necessarily immediately. Innovation may take time, may necessitate the creation of schismatic groups and the waging of battles for recognition, etc.We give a brief account of observations made with regard to groups of children in summer camps, laboratory experiments and the results of surveys in the scientific and artistic communities which fit into our theoretical framework. It will not be difficult for the reader to see that this article is a first step in a direction which, in our eyes, holds out a great deal of promise.

Submentoplasty. Classification and theoretical outline of management.

The various pathologic conditions which can disrupt the esthetic integrity of the submental region are categorized, and a series of corrective procedures ranging from extensive lateral rhytidectomy, removal of skin and fat through the submental crease, up to extensive fat and skin excision followed by vertical closure and Z-plasties are described. The appropriate procedure is selected according to the condition present. A degree of latitude is available to the surgeon in determining which procedure to pursue.

Child from Single Parent Family in Preschool Environment – a Theoretical Outline and Practical Tips

Nowadays, the subject of a family is often mentioned and researched. It’s needs, transformations, crisis, roles and functioning are widely discussed. It is indeed a very complex issue. The article present the theoretical background and mention diverse sources concerning issues such as: single families, preschool environment, child development, single parenting – definitionsand models, pre-school environment, child development, challenges and support for a child from single parent family in a kindergarten. The great role of teacher-educator and other specialists, but also working with institutions in the process of supporting the family. In the text the organization of comprehensive assistance for the child was also highlighted. In conclusion, the author referred to the results of her mini-resources and pointed to the need to support the child in the area of emotional and social functioning, which in case of children from single parent family is particularly vulnerable and shaky.

High-current vacuum arcs. Part 2: Theoretical outline

In the paper, the description of the arc plasma presented in the literature for arcs of a few hundred amperes is extended to include the plasma-interaction effects which occur at high currents. As a result, it is predicted that the arcing voltage will increase linearly with contact separation and current, and that the outline of the discharge will be diffuse and is little influenced by external magnetic fields, up to a total arcing voltage of about 40V in copper-vapour arcs. It is predicted that, at about this arcing voltage, a discontinuous change will occur, giving rise to unstable voltages of the order experienced. The model also suggests that the plasma will concentrate close to the anode once the arcing voltage exceeds this value, and an explanation of the bunching of cathode spots at this current is offered. Finally, the theory is extended to cover the transition to the gross-melting arc, and to predict the temperatures of the anode spots during the gross-melting period. Pt. 1 of the paper is an experimental study of high-current vacuum arcs.

THE FALL OF OTTOMANS:

The Stone Woman is a complex story of the decline of the Ottomans and the rise of Christians in Europe. By abandoning the strong Turkish asabiyyah (social solidarity) and ignoring the prominent features of Islamic umran (civilisation), the Ottoman Empire fell, and the Christians gained power due to their advanced knowledge and strong social solidarity. As the fall of the Turks and the rise of the Christians occurred cyclically, the Cyclical Theory of the rise and fall of civilisations in Ibn Khaldun’s Muqaddimah seems appropriate for the theoretical outline. It also explores how the Khaldunian concepts of asabiyyah and umran are related to Ali’s alternative history of the Christian-Muslim relations. The research concludes that Turkey has remained the center of the East-West conflict. The Middle East’s contemporary socio-political issues and ethnic strife originated in the Ottoman era.Keywords: Ibn Khaldun, Cyclic Theory, Ottoman Empire, Asabiyyah, Rise and Fall of Civilisations

The role of dislocations in the dehydration of nickel sulphate hexahydrate. Part I. Theoretical considerations and stoicheiometry

A critical analysis of previous work on the importance of dislocations in solid-state reactions leads to the conclusion that geometric factors may be more important than energetic factors in governing enhanced reactivity. It is shown, by numerical estimates, that the energy stored at dislocations could, nevertheless, make significant differences to the overall energetics under favourable circumstances. A rough theoretical outline is given of the way in which dislocation energies may modify the free energy terms in two-dimensional nucleation at surfaces and heterogeneous three-dimensional nucleation within the bulk. The stoicheiometry of the thermal dehydration of NiSO4,6H2O, the system to be studied in detail in this series, is established by vacuum microgravimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and differential enthalpic analysis. Five molecules of water are lost in dehydration at temperatures in the range 30–50°.

The Preparation of Isomorphous Derivatives

This chapter discusses the preparation of isomorphous derivatives, which represents the main-research effort in protein structure laboratories at the present time. The chemical problem of combining compounds that contain atoms of high atomic number with crystalline proteins to form suitable derivatives is made more difficult by severely restrictive crystallographic criterion, if isomorphism must be satisfied. However, the applications of isomorphous replacement to fully determined protein structures shows great promise in the determination of protein function and more particularly enzyme function. This chapter explores that it is necessary to include a brief theoretical outline of the fundamental problem of protein crystallography and the method currently used in its solution, the practical aspects are the main concerns of this chapter.

Low-frequency dynamic response of photosensitive neon discharge tubes

The instantaneous response to illumination of photosensitive discharge tubes in relaxation oscillation circuits has been investigated, using light sources of periodically varying light output to irradiate the tubes. A brief theoretical outline is given of the effect of periodic variations on sawtooth oscillations and this is applied to the oscillations of neon discharge tubes illuminated by sources giving a light output of rectified sinusoidal waveform. Photographs are given of oscillation traces of tubes illuminated by light from mercury vapour lamps and by intermittent light pulses. It is shown that, under certain conditions, a complete delineation of the light output waveform is obtained. This method can be used for the determination of the light variation frequency or for studying the waveform of the light output from a source.

Evolution of the psychology of work and of accumulation

The article deals with the sociology of labour. The author accepts the psychological criteria of differentiation of social groups and depicts the evolution of society and of the spirit of accumulation in relation to the changes that have occurred in the psychology of man the worker, throwing into relief the main stages of this development. The importance of this last stage - that of spontaneous and pleasurable work, of which the United States represents the most advanced type among the Caucasian peoples - is such as to induce the author to suggest once again the need for an economic science wider and more comprehensive than “bourgeois” economics, which he calls Integral Economics : this should be based on a more general theoretical outline covering the whole of the historical development of human psychology and institutions.

Introduction to Symposium

Next article No AccessEducation and the Cultural ProcessIntroduction to SymposiumCharles S. JohnsonCharles S. Johnson Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Sociology Volume 48, Number 6May, 1943 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/219259 Views: 7Total views on this site Citations: 18Citations are reported from Crossref PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Philippe Fontaine, Jefferson D. Pooley Society on the Edge, 2 (Nov 2020).https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108765961Kenneth Noble “A More Meaningful Democracy than We Ourselves Possess”: Charles S. Johnson and the Education Mission to Japan, 1945–1952, History of Education Quarterly 54, no.44 (Jan 2017): 405–428.https://doi.org/10.1111/hoeq.12077Amy Stambach, Zolani Ngwane Development, Post‐colonialism, and Global Networks as Frameworks for the Study of Education in Africa and Beyond, (Jul 2011): 299–315.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444396713.ch18Amy Stambach Education, Religion, and Anthropology in Africa, Annual Review of Anthropology 39, no.11 (Oct 2010): 361–379.https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.105002Marybeth Gasman, Edward Epstein Modern Art in the Old South: The Role of the Arts in Fisk University’s Campus Curriculum, Educational Researcher 31, no.22 (Jul 2016): 13–20.https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X031002013 Andre Gingrich Toward an Anthropology of Germany: A Culture of Moralist Self‐Education? (Dumont's German Ideology: From France to Germany and Back) Gingrich, Current Anthropology 39, no.44 (Jul 2015): 567–572.https://doi.org/10.1086/204774 Nancy Oestreich Lurie Selective Recollections on Anthropology and Indians (Biolsi and Zimmerman's Indians and Anthropologists: Vine Deloria, Jr., and the Critique of Anthropology) Lurie, Current Anthropology 39, no.44 (Jul 2015): 572–574.https://doi.org/10.1086/204775 Angela Piccini Digging for Truths? (Jameson Jr.'s Presenting Archaeology to the Public: Digging for Truths) Piccini, Current Anthropology 39, no.44 (Jul 2015): 574–575.https://doi.org/10.1086/204776 Richard E. Blanton Archaeology's Faustian Bargain (Kohl and Fawcett's Nationalism, Politics, and the Practice of Archaeology) Blanton, Current Anthropology 39, no.44 (Jul 2015): 575–576.https://doi.org/10.1086/204777 Lisa K. Neuman The Dynamics of Cultural Production (Levinson, Foley, and Holland's The Cultural Production of the Educated Person: Critical Ethnographies of Schooling and Local Practice) Neuman, Current Anthropology 39, no.44 (Jul 2015): 577–578.https://doi.org/10.1086/204778 Veit Erlmann Agency, Creativity, and Biography in African Musical Performance (Ottenberg's Seeing with Music: The Lives of Three Blind African Musicians) Erlmann, Current Anthropology 39, no.44 (Jul 2015): 578–579.https://doi.org/10.1086/204779 Michael S. Nassaney Taking the Pulse of Historical Archaeology (Orser Jr.'s A Historical Archaeology of the Modern World) Nassaney, Current Anthropology 39, no.44 (Jul 2015): 579–581.https://doi.org/10.1086/204780 Stephen H. Lekson A Tale (and Tally) of Many Cities (Fletcher's The Limits of Settlement Growth: A Theoretical Outline) Lekson, Current Anthropology 39, no.44 (Jul 2015): 581–582.https://doi.org/10.1086/204781 Paul G. Bahn Thoughts on Preserving the Archaeological Record (Vitelli's Archaeological Ethics) Bahn, Current Anthropology 39, no.44 (Jul 2015): 582–583.https://doi.org/10.1086/204782 Les W. Field Lightening That Burden (Bordewich's Killing the White Man's Indian: Reinventing Native Americans at the End of the Twentieth Century) Field, Current Anthropology 39, no.44 (Jul 2015): 583–584.https://doi.org/10.1086/204783 Books Received, Current Anthropology 39, no.44 (Jul 2015): 584–589.https://doi.org/10.1086/204784David Julian Hodges Museums, Anthropology, and Minorities: In Search of a New Relevance for Old Artifacts, Anthropology & Education Quarterly 9, no.22 (Jun 1978): 148–157.https://doi.org/10.1525/aeq.1978.9.2.04x0738jHenrika Kuklick A "Scientific Revolution": Sociological Theory in the United States, 1930?1945, Sociological Inquiry 43, no.11 (Jan 1973): 3–22.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1973.tb01147.x

A City of Health *

IT is my object to put forward a theoretical outline of a community so circumstanced and so maintained by the exercise of its own free will, guided by scientific knowledge, that in it the perfection of sanitary results will be approached, if not actually realised, in the co-existence of the lowest possible general mortality with the highest possible individual longevity. I shall try to show a working community in which death, if I may apply so common and expressive a phrase on so solemn a subject—in which death is kept as nearly as possible in its proper or natural place in the scheme of life.