Theoretical Design Principles Research Articles

周波数特性の上限・下限を与えるハイブリッドコンプライアンスＨ∞設計法 ヒューマノイド・肩部コンプライアンスの整形と制御

Design and control of mechanical compliance would be one of the most important technical foci in making humanoid robots really interactive with the humans. For task execution and safety insurance the issue must be discussed and offered useful and realistic solutions. In this paper, we propose a theoretical design principle of mechanical compliance. Passive compliance implies mechanically embedded one in drive systems and is reliable but not-tunable in nature, while active compliance is a controlled compliance and, therefore, widely tunable, but less reliable specially in high frequency domain. The basic idea of this paper is to use active compliance in the lower frequency domain and to rely on passive compliance in the higher frequency. H∞ control theory based on systems identification allows a systematic method to design the hybrid compliance in frequency domain. The proposed design is applied to the shoulder mechanism of a humanoid robot. Its implementation and experiments are to be shown with successful results.

Theoretical principles of design of multilayer swelling heat protection with assigned properties

Theoretical principles of computer design of multilayer heat-protective coatings made of swelling materials, thermophysical and kinetic characteristics of which are found from the solution of a complex of inverse problems of heat and mass transfer and ignition, are considered. Various classes of swelling materials (including highly porous ones) and their mathematical models of thermodestruction, swelling, and breakdown are analyzed.

Theory and practice for the implementation of ‘in-house’, continuous improvement participatory ergonomic programs

This paper presents a case study of an implementation of a participatory ergonomics program in a public service agency. The objective of the study was to develop a theoretical model and related design principles for the implementation of ‘in-house’, continuous improvement participatory programs. The proposed model is based on the behavioral cybernetic theory of learning ( Smith and Smith, 1966, Cybernetic Principles of Learning and Educational Design held, Rhinehart and Winsten, New York) and emphasizes the concepts of action, feedback, feedback control, and individual learning as essential for a progression from external regulation (by outside experts) to internal regulation (by organizational members) of participatory programs. Results support the proposed model, but do suggest an expansion of the model to include macro-level organizational variables as additional factors necessary for developing internally regulated participatory programs. Results have led to the specification of several design principles for implementing ‘in-house’, continuous improvement participatory programs.

Learning to Write and Diagram, Writing and Diagramming to Learn

Issue Interior design, which aspires to elevate the individual's experience of space, involves application of theories and principles governing the definition and ordering of space. Learning these theoretical design principles is an essential part of the interior design curriculum. To become informed interior designers, students need a solid theoretical base, anchored in historical and spatial analysis, that can intelligibly render the relationships between problems and their solutions. Goal The use of theory helps designers plan, predict, and create from a knowledge base. The desired result is to assist students acquiring this foundation to generate ideas for designing interior spaces and use informed, critical thinking to evaluate and select from those ideas. Application A diagram is an image that explains rather than represents the basic arrangements and relations of the organizational elements in a specific environment. Combining the diagramming of interior spaces with analytic, intensive writing experiences serves as a model for learning design principles. The unique efficacy of the two teaching strategies is due to their correspondence to powerful learning techniques that involve analysis as well as synthesis. Description Theoretical design principles such as contrast, proportion and scale, symmetry and balance, and containment are introduced in lectures and illustrated through slide presentations of significant spaces. Students create collage diagrams of the spaces and complete writing assignments. The diagrams and written compositions are reviewed and discussed in a weekly studio–lab for revision and reinforcement. Conclusions As students in this course write about and diagram interior spaces, they develop their writing and diagramming skills and deepen their understanding of design theory principles. Students of interior design are introduced to seminal works in their field, taught to break down interior space into its component parts to understand its organizational structure, enabled to put the parts together to form a new graphic representation of the whole, and assisted in judging the value of a physical setting for a given purpose based on definite criteria.

Polarisation-independent optical filters based on co-directional phase-shifted grating-assisted couplers: theory and designs

Theoretical analysis and design principles for a polarisation-independent optical wavelength filter based on co-directional phase-shifted grating-assisted couplers are developed and presented. Analytical expressions for the period of fine grating and the optimum length of the phase-shifted region are obtained. A design guideline based on the theoretical formulations is explained. It is shown that identical spectral responses for the two polarisations can be achieved despite the polarisation-dependent coupling strengths. Sidelobe suppression is demonstrated by chirping the ratio of the length of phase-shifted section to that of the grating section. Tunability of such devices is also studied.

Problems with experimental research in map design - a case study

AbstractThe various problems involved with scientific map evaluation are examined with the aid of an example from experimental cartography. Point symbols from two Australian city street directories are compared experimentally. The objective results give us information about the design characteristics of the maps and indicate where improvements could be made. However limitations in experimental design and subjective elements in the experimental process are exposed and examined in the context of the search for the general theoretical principles of map design.

An Inductive Search System: Theory, Design, and Implementation

An automated information system that can accept requests for information and, in response, selects and ranks by probability of satisfaction the names of those people who can answer the input queries is described. This information system (called Helpnet) is based on new probabilistic design principles, which were previously proposed (but never implemented) for the document retrieval problem. Helpnet has now been implemented on an IBM Personal Computer. The theoretical design principles used for Helpnet and the computer programs used by this implementation of Helpnet are discussed. Also, a preliminary sensitivity analysis is presented, which looks at the question of how input errors influence the rankings at the output. The probabilistic design principles used in Helpnet can be applied to a much larger class of similar situations, which we call "inductive search" situations.