Theoretical Code Research Articles

Phenomenology of adolescent parenting injuries in cyberspace

Background and Aim: Today's world has accelerated to digitize, and the number of users is increasing every moment. Cyberspace, along with its benefits, also causes damage. The purpose of the present study was to formulate and validate adolescent adolescent education programs in cyberspace to help help adolescents and community mental health and reduce cyberspace damage. Methods: The present study was a qualitative type of contextual theory, and the research data was obtained using semi -structured and deep interviews with parents who had the criteria for entry into the Delphi method. Open, central and theoretical codes were then extracted, and based on them, a conceptual model was designed in the field of damages and strategies caused by cyberspace. Results: That indicates that parenting styles in different social situations, including virtual situations, have changed, the findings showed that parents are out of power because of their special injuries Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that if parents and adolescents receive the necessary and timely awareness, many of the damage and conflicts between them as well as the damages caused by cyberspace for adolescents and their families will be prevented

Drastic evolution of point defects in vertically grown ZnO nanorods induced by lithium ion implantation.

The evolution of various point defects in 100 keV lithium (Li) ion-implanted ZnO nanorods (NRs) by varying the fluences from 1 × 1014 to 7 × 1015 ions per cm2 has been investigated experimentally and using a simulation by stopping and range of ions in matter (SRIM). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that the Li1+ ions have been incorporated at Zn2+ sites, which forms LiZn acceptors in the implanted NRs. The structural disorder and the number of oxygen vacancies in the implanted ZnO NRs increase drastically with an increase in the Li fluence as indicated by the X-ray diffractometry and Raman scattering analyses. Both the formation of acceptors and implantation-induced defects make the Li-implanted NRs electrically highly resistive. The yellow-orange photoluminescence (PL) emission of the as-grown ZnO NRs has evolved into green emission in the implanted NRs. A suppression of the green PL at higher fluences is possibly due to an apparent decrease in the zinc vacancy concentration. The SRIM results explain the quantitative energy loss, the distributions of the implanted Li ions and the point defects along the target ZnO NRs. The consistency between the experimental and theoretical simulations validates our analyses on the formation and evolution of various point defects in highly resistive Li-implanted ZnO NRs.

Cross sections for formation of Y, Sr and Rb radionuclides induced by proton irradiation of natSr up to 33.6 MeV

Cross-sections for reactions induced by protons in the 14.2–33.6 MeV energy domain on natural strontium targets (Sr) were experimentally studied through stacked foil irradiations by using the activation method. The excitation functions for the formation of the radionuclides 88,87m,87g,86g,85m,85g,84mY, 83g,85m,85g,87mSr and 82m,83,84gRb were derived, without any chemical target processing, from analysis of high resolution γ-ray spectra obtained on the irradiated foils. Our data are compared with published experimental data and with values calculated with the theoretical code TALYS 1.9, publicly available in the on-line library TENDL-2019. For interesting studied radioisotopes thick target yields are calculated, based on fits to the experimental cross-section values.

A grounded theory study on midwifery managers’ views and experiences of implementing and sustaining continuity of carer models within the UK maternity system

BackgroundCurrent UK health policy recommends the transition of maternity services towards provision of Midwifery Continuity of Carer (MCoCer) models. Quality of healthcare is correlated with the quality of leadership and management yet there is little evidence available to identify what is required from midwifery managers when implementing and sustaining MCoCer. AimTo develop a theoretical framework that represents midwifery managers’ experiences of implementing and sustaining MCoCer models within the UK’s National Health Service (NHS). MethodsCharmaz’s grounded theory approach was used for this study. Five experienced UK based midwifery managers were interviewed to elicit views and understanding of the social processes underlying the implementation and sustaining of MCoCer. Interviews were transcribed and analysed and focus codes developed into theoretical codes resulting in an emergent core category. FindingsThe theoretical framework illustrates the core category ‘Leading Meaningful Midwifery’. To manage MCoCer models midwifery managers require a trust and belief in woman centred philosophy of care. They need the skills to focus on non-hierarchical transformational leadership and the courage to assimilate alternative models of care into the NHS. Promoting and protecting the MCoCer model within current services is essential whilst forming a culture based on high quality, safe MCoCer. DiscussionMCoCer models that have sustained within the NHS have had supportive leadership from midwifery managers who have the necessary skills, attitudes, aptitudes and behaviours identified within the findings. Sustainable implementation of MCoCer is achieved through development of a values-based recruitment and retention policy within all areas of midwifery and encouraging midwives with previous experience in MCoCer or supportive philosophies towards it, to manage the model. ConclusionProviding the appropriate support for MCoCer is time consuming and personally demanding for midwifery managers, however, implementing and sustaining MCoCer was shown by participants who valued MCoCer models to be rewarding, bringing meaning to their midwifery leadership.

Revisiting the oscillator strengths and cross sections of atomic neon by fast electron scattering

The generalized oscillator strengths of the valence-shell excitations from the ground state to the 2p5(3s, 3s′, 3p, 3p′, 4s, 4s′) states of atomic neon have been determined by means of fast electron scattering, with an incident electron energy of 1500 eV and an energy resolution of about 80 meV. The adopted relative flow technique improved accuracy of the experimental measurements prominently. The validity condition of the first Born approximation is clarified by comparing the present measured data with previous experimental and theoretical results. We found that the first Born approximation is not applicable for the monopolar transition in the whole momentum transfer region even at the incident electron energy of 1500 eV. However, the high-order Born terms are found dominating only at the minimum for the dipolar transitions. The good agreement of the present extrapolated optical oscillator strengths with previous available data confirms the reliability of the measurement. With the cross-checked generalized oscillator strengths, the state-resolved integral cross sections in a wide collision energy range have been obtained by adopting the BE-scaling method. The analysis of the feasibility of the BE-scaling method demonstrates that the scaling law applies for the typical dipole-allowed transitions while it would overestimate the cross sections for the dipolar transitions with significant dipole-forbidden components. Present data compilation constitutes a benchmark for developing and testing the theoretical methods or computational codes.

Shaking table tests of a full‐scale flat‐bottom manufactured steel silo filled with wheat: Main results on the fixed‐base configuration

AbstractThis paper reports on a series of shaking table tests on a full‐scale flat‐bottom steel silo filled with soft wheat, characterized by aspect ratio of around 0.9. The specimen was a 3.64‐m diameter and 5.50‐m high corrugated‐wall cylindrical silo. Multiple sensors were used to monitor the static and dynamic response of the filled silo system, including accelerometers and pressure cells. Numerous unidirectional dynamic tests were performed consisting of random signals, sinusoidal inputs, and both artificial and real earthquake records. The objectives of this paper are (i) to provide a general overview of the whole experimental campaign and (ii) to present selected results obtained for the fixed‐base configuration. The measured data were processed to assess the static pressures, the dynamic overpressures (related to the effective mass) and the accelerations of monitored points on the silo wall, and to identify the basic dynamic properties (fundamental frequency of vibration, damping ratio, dynamic amplification factors) of the filled silo. The main findings are discussed and compared with the predictions given by available theoretical models and code provisions. It is found that the fundamental frequency slightly decreases with increasing acceleration, while it slightly increases with increasing compaction of the granular material. For close‐to‐resonance input, the dynamic amplification (in terms of peak values of accelerations) increases along the height of the silo wall up to values of around 1.4 at the top surface of the solid content. The dynamic overpressures appear to increase with depth (differently from the EN1998‐4 expectations), and to be proportional to the acceleration.

Compressive strength of solid clay brickwork of masonry bridges: Estimate through Schmidt Hammer tests

Theoretical approaches and code formulas assume the compressive strength of solid clay brickwork as a function of the compressive strength of bricks and mortar. Such an approach is not so easy to be applied in practice since the strength of the components may be identified only by means of indirect testing through rebound hammers or penetrometers.Since brickwork strength largely depends on the brick properties, the mortar playing a minor role, a low detailed and fast estimate of brickwork strength may be deduced from the bricks only. In this paper, the type-N Schmidt rebound hammer, i.e. the standard one for concrete, is applied to the solid clay brickwork of arch bridges and industrial facilities. Due to the higher quality of the materials used in these cases, on the basis of a specific calibration curve, the rebound hammer is demonstrated to provide an estimate of the compressive strength affected by a ±25% error. Relying on a large data base, it is showed that in other cases, mainly residential buildings, such an approach is not applicable due to the lower quality of materials and larger scattering of the mechanical properties.

Smart Tourism Destinations from the Perspective of Travelers with Disability

This study elaborates a theoretical structure regarding the drivers of well-being and the conditions under which it is achieved by travelers with disabilities (TwDs) in a smart tourism destination (STD). The grounded theory was applied in the research. The focused coding revealed 65 codes distributed among 14 categories. The correlation among them established the theoretical code with the dimensions of the STD, their consequences, the drivers of well-being, and the moderating conditions of smart tourism experiences (STEs). The results showed that the STD generates trust, safety and autonomy in the TwDs, supporting the overcoming of physical and social barriers and favoring their well-being. The theoretical structure exposed relations that can be tested in future researches and focused codes that support the elaboration of items that can be used to measure the categories. The proposed model provides managers and policymakers with information to better welcome TwDs.

Stakeholders' Views on Mobile Applications to Deliver Infant and Toddler Feeding Education to Latina Mothers of Low Socioeconomic Status.

Infant- and toddler-feeding (ITF) practices are critical to long-term health and chronic disease prevention. Using mobile applications (apps) to promote desirable ITF practices shows promise for overcoming challenges of in-person education. However, the viability of ITF apps for Latina mothers of low-socioeconomic status (SES) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to characterize stakeholders’ views on Latina mothers’ capability, motivation, and barriers to using ITF apps. New York City-based health professionals who frequently engage with Latina mothers of low SES completed in-depth interviews. Directed content analysis was used to identify themes through theoretical and inductive codes. Participants included dietitians, nutrition educators, and physicians (n = 17). The following themes were identified: (1) Most Latina mothers of low-SES are tech-savvy (i.e., high capability and experience using smartphones and apps); (2) Apps are an appealing way to deliver ITF education; (3) There are challenges to using apps that must be carefully considered for ITF education development. Overall, ITF apps are a viable option as skills and use appear high among Latina mothers. Key considerations for app development include targeted app promotion; detailed instructions for obtaining and using app; more visuals, less text for low literacy and multiple dialects; making key features available offline.

Excitation functions for Rh, Ru and Tc radionuclides obtained by proton irradiation of natRu up to 33.6 MeV

Excitation functions for reactions induced by protons up to 33.6 MeV on natural ruthenium targets (Ru) were experimentally obtained using the activation method through stacked foil irradiations. The cross-sections for the production of the radionuclides 94g,95m,95g,96m,96g,99mTc, 95,97,103Ru and 99m,99g,100g,101m,101g,102m,102gRh were derived from high resolution γ-ray spectrometry without any chemical processing. Comparison with the few earlier published experimental data and with values predicted by the theoretical code TALYS 1.6 (as available in the on-line library TENDL-2019) are discussed. Thick target yields calculated from fits to our experimental excitation curves are discussed.

P100 Stakeholders’ Views on Mobile Applications to Deliver Infant and Toddler Feeding Education to Underserved Hispanic Mothers

<h3>Background</h3> Dietary behaviors, which impact chronic disease risk, are established early, making infant- and toddler-feeding education (ITE) critical to health. Using mobile applications (apps) for ITE shows promise: most Hispanics own smartphones (79%) and health-related apps are accepted among mothers. However, the viability of ITE apps for low-income Hispanic mothers remains unclear. Health professionals, who have insight into Hispanic mothers' needs, can help clarify ITE apps' potential. <h3>Objective</h3> To characterizing health professionals' views on low-income Hispanic mothers' capability, motivation, and barriers to using ITE apps. <h3>Study Design, Settings, Participants</h3> New York City-based health professionals with >3 years' experience and >1 encounter/week with low-income Hispanic mothers of infants and toddlers (6-24 months) completed a demographic survey and an in-depth, semi-structured virtual interview. Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior (COM-B), a well-accepted Dissemination and Implementation framework, informed the interview guide. <h3>Measurable Outcome/Analysis</h3> A directed content analysis approach was used to identify themes using COM-B theoretical codes and subcodes. Transcripts were coded independently by 2 researchers using NVivo 12. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. <h3>Results</h3> Participants included pediatricians, dietitians, WIC practitioners, and Cooperative Extension educators (n = 13); 100% owned a smartphone and 85% used popular apps "several times a week" or more often. The following themes were identified: 1) Mothers are tech-savvy (ie, high capability and use of smartphones and apps); 2) Potential limits to using apps exist (eg, home Internet access, literacy barriers, and multiple Spanish dialects); and 3) Easily accessible information motivates app use but capturing and maintaining interest is challenging (eg, abundance of app options overwhelming; apps are potentially burdensome). <h3>Conclusion</h3> ITE apps are a viable option as skills and use appear high among low-income Hispanic mothers. Important considerations for app development include availability of features with limited Internet access; strategies for low literacy and multiple dialects (eg, more visuals, less text); targeted app promotion; and careful consideration of user engagement.

Preliminary Assessment of Decay Heat Removal Systems in the ESFR-SMART Design: The Role of Natural Air Convection Around Steam Generators Outer Shells in Accidental Conditions

Abstract In the frame of the ESFR-SMART European project, aiming at improving the safety level of the European sodium cooled fast reactor (ESFR), this paper presents the preliminary assessment of decay heat removal systems (DHRSs) in the ESFR-SMART design: the role of natural air convection around steam generators (SGs) outer shells in accidental conditions. Both theoretical and CATHARE code (thermal hydraulics reference code) calculations are presented. The impact of an additional chimney at the top of each casing as well as running primary and secondary pumps on the heat removal capacity is equally evaluated. This paper shows that the evacuation of decay heat thanks to completely passive air natural circulation alone, in case of Fukushima like accident, should lead to temperatures of sodium in the reactor vessel temporarily exceeding the safety criterion of 650 °C. The addition of chimneys increases the capacities but is not sufficient to evacuate the decay heat safely. If the primary and secondary side pumps are running, the safety criterion should be met.

Investigation of cross sections of deuteron induced nuclear reactions on selenium up to 50 MeV

In the frame of a systematic study of deuteron induced nuclear reactions on all elements, activation cross sections on ^{mathrm {nat}}Se were investigated. Excitation functions were measured up to 50 MeV particle energy for production of ^{mathrm {82}}Br(m+),^{mathrm {80m}}Br, ^{mathrm {77}}Br(m+),^{mathrm {76}}Br(m+), ^{mathrm {75}}Br, ^{mathrm {75}}Se(cum), ^{mathrm {73}}Se(cum), ^{mathrm {76}}As,^{mathrm {74}}As, ^{mathrm {73}}As(cum), ^{mathrm {72}}As and ^{mathrm {71}}As(cum) by using the activation method through stacked foil irradiation followed by off-line gamma-ray spectrometry. The experimental results were compared to the earlier experimental data and to excitation functions calculated with the ALICE-D and EMPIRE-D theoretical model codes and data given in the TENDL-2019 on-line library based on TALYS calculations.

Calculations for the nuclear reaction cross-sections via α-particle induced reactions on 65Cu to produce impurity free 67Ga for medical applications

Diagnostics field is facilitated with advancements enacted in anatomic imaging (cross-sectional modalities). Radionuclide scans (imaging) escorted by 67Ga are extensively beneficial in bone scintigraphy and recognition of prosthetic joint failure. Present work comprises the data concerning 67Ga production via α-particle induced nuclear reactions, TTY (thick target yield) and impurity analysis. Experimental measurements regarding 67Ga production are analyzed through a comparative study performed with calculations of theoretical model codes (TALYS-1.95, EMPIRE-3.2.3 and ALICE-IPPE). A data set of recommended cross-sections was generated and utilized to deduce TTY. The contribution of radionuclidic impurities is canvassed to suggest an energy region to produce impurity free 67Ga for medical applications.

Jupyter Notebooks in Undergraduate Mobile Robotics Courses: Educational Tool and Case Study

Jupyter notebooks are recently emerging as a valuable pedagogical resource in academy, being adopted in educational institutions worldwide. This is mainly due to their ability to combine the expressiveness of traditional explanations from textbooks, with the interaction capabilities of software applications, which provides numerous benefits for both students and lecturers of different fields. One of the areas that could benefit from their adoption is such of mobile robotics, whose recent popularity has resulted in an increasing demand of trained practitioners with a solid theoretical and practical background. Therefore, there is a need of high quality learning materials adapted to modern tools and methodologies. With that in mind, this work explores how the introduction of Jupyter notebooks in undergraduate mobile robotic courses contributes to improve both teaching and learning experiences. For that, we first present a series of (publicly available) educational notebooks encompassing a variety of topics relevant for robotics, with a particular emphasis in the study of mobile robots and commonly used sensors. Those documents have been built from the ground up to take advantage of the Jupyter Notebook framework, bridging the typical gap between theoretical frame and interactive code. We also present a case study describing the notebooks usage in undergraduate courses at University of Málaga, including a discussion on the promising results and findings obtained.

Research on the Design of Hotel Image Based on Confucian Culture

Hotel image design is mainly achieved through Corporate Identity System (CIS). CIS consists of Mind Identity System (MI), Behaviour Identity System (BIS) and Visual Identity System (VIS). The core of CIS is MI, which is the highest decision-making layer of CIS. Laid the theoretical foundation and code of conduct for the whole system, and expressed through BI and VI. The core of Confucian culture is benevolence and propriety, emphasizing "people-oriented" and paying attention to humanistic care. Exploring the application of Confucian culture in hotel image design is beneficial to the hotel to improve its own image and improve customer satisfaction.

How To Quantify a Genetic Firewall? A Polarity-Based Metric for Genetic Code Engineering.

Genetic code engineering aims to produce organisms that translate genetic information in a different way from that prescribed by the standard genetic code. This endeavor could eventually lead to genetic isolation, where an organism that operates under a different genetic code will not be able to transfer functional genes with other living species, thereby standing behind a genetic firewall. It is not clear however, how distinct the code should be, or how to measure the distance. We have developed a metric (Δcode) where we assigned polarity indices (clog D 7) to amino acids to calculate the distances between pairs of genetic codes. We then calculated the distance between a set of 204 genetic codes, including the 24 known distinct natural codes, 11 extreme‐distance codes created computationally, nine theoretical special purpose codes from literature and 160 codes in which canonical amino acids were replaced by noncanonical chemical analogues. The metric can be used for building strategies towards creating semantically alienated organisms, and testing the strength of genetic firewalls. This metric provides the basis for a map of the genetic codes that could guide future efforts towards novel biochemical worlds, biosafety and deep barcoding applications.

Corporate Board and Firm Risk: An Emerging Market Perspective

This study examines the relationship between board features and firm risk of listed companies in Colombo Stock Exchange for the period of 2010 to 2017. This research was carried out based on positivistic paradigm with the quantitative methodology. Secondary data were collected and analyzed using panel data analyze techniques to obtain quantitative measures of descriptive statistics, correlations, and regression analyses. The results show that the board features variables such as Board size, Women on board, Non-executive director, CEO Duality and Director Interlock have significant impact on firm risk. The results are consistent with agency theory perspective. On the other hand, Audit committee does not show any impact on firm risk in Sri Lankan companies. Our findings reveal that consistence is with theoretical expectation and code best practices. Further, it suggests that as far as the risk is concerned the existing corporate governance practices and code of best practices are effective in Sri Lankan context.

Considerations for minority ethnic young people in multisystemic therapy.

Research has indicated that multisystemic therapy (MST) is an effective treatment for youth with antisocial behaviours (Painter & Scannapieco, 2009). This qualitative study explored minority ethnic young peoples’ experiences of MST, focusing on their understanding of their presenting difficulties and aspects of the intervention which facilitated or hindered engagement and change. Seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with London-based young people who had taken part in MST. A constructivist version of grounded theory analysis was employed. Culture-specific theoretical codes emerged; understanding the family culture and the practitioner acting as a cultural broker, consideration of acculturation differences within the family, exploring the young person’s cultural identity and reflecting on cultural differences in the therapeutic relationship. Findings suggest potential advances to MST practice to meet the needs of minority ethnic young people, including the importance of appropriate training and supervision, sensitively working with salient cultural issues such as the impact of acculturation, and consideration of the role of therapist ethnicity and culture.

Investigation of activation cross-sections of deuteron induced reactions on ruthenium up to 50 MeV

The activation cross sections of deuteron induced reactions on natural ruthenium have been measured up to 50 MeV for production of radioisotopes of rhodium (105Rh, 102mRh,102gRh,101mRh,101gRh, 100gRh, 99mRh, 99gRh), ruthenium (105Ru,103Ru (cum), 102Ru (cum), 97Ru (cum), 95Ru (cum)) and of technetium (99mTc, 96gTc (m+), 95mTc (cum), 95gTc (cum), 94gTc,93gTc (m+)). The results are compared with the predictions of the most common theoretical nuclear reaction model codes (ALICE-D, EMPIRE-D and TALYS (TENDL)). From the measured cross section physical yields have been calculated for all measured radioisotopes. The medically important radioisotopes are discussed from the point of view of production routes by charged particle methods and other alternatives.