Theoretical Aspects Research Articles

Penguatan Peran Kader Keswa dalam Pertolongan Pertama Kegawatdaruratan Psikiatri: Implementasi dan Hasil di Puskesmas Bantur

Introduction: This community service activity aims to enhance the capabilities of mental health cadres (Keswa) in providing first aid for psychiatric emergencies at Puskesmas Bantur. Objective: A total of 25 cadres participated in the training, which covered both theoretical and practical aspects of handling psychiatric emergency situations. Method: The training began with lectures on the fundamentals of psychiatric emergencies and first aid techniques. Results: Participants then engaged in case simulations to apply their knowledge in real-life scenarios. Discussions and Q&A sessions were held to deepen understanding and address participants' questions. The evaluation results showed a significant improvement in the cadres' knowledge and skills. Conclusion: Prior to the training, many cadres felt uncertain about managing psychiatric emergencies. After the training, they demonstrated increased confidence and improved ability to apply first aid techniques. This activity is expected to enhance the effectiveness of cadres in providing field support and strengthen their role within the community health system.

Control Voltage Effect on Operational Characteristics of Vehicle Magnetorheological Damper

Considering the increasingly large-scale application of magnetic fluids in various industries, we can confidently state that in the near future magnetorheological dampers will be widely used in adaptive automotive suspensions due to their operational flexibility and simplicity of controlling damping forces by changing the magnetic fluid properties according to parameters of surrounding electromagnetic field. The antivibration efficiency during operation is achieved by regulating the hydraulic resistance of the “magnetic” shock absorber by applying voltage to the windings of its coil. In addition to the physical properties of the oil used in the “magnetic” shock absorber, the viscosity of the working magnetorheological fluid is greatly influenced by the shape of the control signal. The paper focuses on the theoretical aspects of constructing a mathematical model of ac magnetorheological damper and presents the results of a computer experiment to assess effectiveness of its use as part of the adaptive suspension a passenger vehicle. In this case, the actual parameters of the “magnetic” shock absorber, used in modeling the dynamic process, were determined experimentally on a test bench, and the adequacy of the developed mathematical model was confirmed by the results of a semi-natural experiment. Using a verified model, the magnetorheological damper characteristics were obtained and compared for various forms of control signal, including rectangular voltage pulses of various frequencies and duty cycles, sinusoidal pulses and constant voltage signals. The analysis of the antivibration efficiency was carried out on the basis of the developed “quarter” model of a semi-active car suspension with a verified submodel of a magnetorheological damper integrated into its structure. Moreover, the simulation scenarios were based on the selected strategy for controlling the voltage supplied to the windings of the “magnetic” shock absorber. As the results of theoretical and experimental studies have shown in terms of energy consumption, expansion of the working area of the damping characteristic and achieving smooth control of the damping force, the most effective is the use of a sinusoidal pulse voltage signal in the control circuit, which ensures a reduction in both the amplitude and damping time of oscillations. However, when de-signing and manufacturing a controller, creating a pulse modulator for generating sinusoidal pulses coinciding in phase and frequency with the vibrations of the car body is very difficult due to the random nature of external disturbances from the road surface. When a constant voltage is applied to the magnetorheological damper winding, the damping properties of the suspension are also improved compared to the basic design based on a traditional hydraulic shock absorber. Moreover, there is a proportional relationship between the voltage supplying the damper, the amplitude and damping time of the vibrations of the car body is observed. An increase in the control signal voltage from 1 to 2 V leads, in comparison with passive control of a magnetic shock absorber, to a decrease in the maximum amplitude of vibrations of the car body by 6.25 and 11.25 %, respectively, and a decrease in the vibration damping time by 0.72 and 1.41 s.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF LIFE SCENARIOS OF REPRESENTATIVES OF VARIOUS PROFESSIONS

The article is devoted to studying the peculiarities of life scenarios of representatives of various professions. The article analyses the scenario theory explaining the process of choosing a profession and professional behaviour of a person. The author points out that a well- chosen life path determines a person’s social value. The theoretical aspects of the concept of “life scenario” are considered in the article from the perspective of transactional analysis. The author associates this concept with other similar psychological categories in various studies. To prove the hypothesis about the existence of connection between life scenario features and professional self-determination, the author invited representatives of two professions to participate in the empirical study: real estate agents and IT technicians. The author selected appropriate diagnostic tools. The empirical study of the life scenarios of representatives of two professions confirmed the hypothesis put forward by the author. The formed life scenario in childhood receives its further development and influences the professional life path of the individual.

Abstracts of the Italian Society of Thoracic Endoscopy (SIET) 2024 Annual Congress

We are pleased to introduce the abstracts of the XXIII National Congress of the Italian Society of Thoracic Endoscopy (SIET), which will be held in Florence from 17 to 19 October 2024. The principal objectives of SIET are to (1) Promote research and innovation in the fields of thoracic surgery and endoscopy, facilitating the development and implementation of innovative techniques and technologies; (2) Provide education and training for surgeons, endoscopists, pulmonologists and other related specialties; and (3) Facilitate the exchange of knowledge with the aim of creating a cohesive and active scientific community. The Congress will address the integration of traditional surgical and endoscopic techniques with emerging technologies, with the goal of promoting innovation and education among professionals. The theme of integration will be explored throughout the programme, with a particular focus on the collaborative efforts of different medical specialties to improve patient outcomes. This event will host a multidisciplinary cohort comprising thoracic surgeons, endoscopists, pulmonologists, oncologists, pathologists, radiologists and anaesthetists, who will assume a pivotal role in the multidisciplinary sessions of the scientific programme. The Congress will include several core areas of expertise, including lung cancer, interventional endoscopy, pathology, and upper airway reconstruction. Emphasis will be placed on both the theoretical aspects of these subjects and their practical applications in patient care. The theme of integration will be explored throughout the programme, with particular attention on the impact of recent technological developments in the fields of thoracic surgery and endoscopy. Additionally, the Congress will examine the contributions of allied health professionals, including nurses, physiotherapists, and speech pathologists, to patient care.

Bamboo spatial structure, developing an integrated computational workflow and a tailored semi-automated fabrication apparatus

This paper studies the development of a semi-automated process for designing and fabricating node-based lattice spatial structures using bamboo as an ecological material. The study addresses the challenges of integrating bamboo—a naturally variable material—into spatial structures and was conducted through a hybrid workshop at the Digital Craft House, University of Art, Tehran, during COVID-19. Traditional CAD tools are often limited when applied to non-industrialized, organic materials like bamboo. This research introduces a tailored computational workflow and a semi-automated fabrication apparatus explicitly designed to create complex, freeform bamboo structures. Combining online and in-person sessions allowed participants to engage with both the theoretical and practical aspects of the design-to-fabrication process. This approach enabled the continuous development and refinement of custom tools and methods during COVID. The workshop showcased how synthesizing advanced computational approaches and natural materials could trigger new architectural solutions and autonomy by developing a single-layer, freeform spatial structure, promoting ecological and advanced architectural practices.

Effects of collagen hydrolysate on the stability of anthocyanins: Degradation kinetics, conformational change and interactional characteristics

Anthocyanins are desirable compounds in the food industry owing to their attractive color and high biological activity; however, their poor stability remains a substantial challenge. Here, we show that low-concentration (15 mg/mL) collagen hydrolysate (CH) exhibits a potent stabilization effect on red cabbage anthocyanins (RCAs). CH extended the half-life of RCA by 6.2-fold from 40.7 to 251.1 h. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of CH–RCA complexes, which exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than RCA alone. Ultraviolet-vis and infrared spectra demonstrated that RCA binding resulted in a more open and disordered CH structure. Centaureidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) exhibited high affinity for CH, with a binding ratio close to 1.5:1. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed that the main interaction sites with CH were at the C3G A- and C-rings. This study clarifies how protein hydrolysates protect against anthocyanin degradation from experimental and theoretical aspects.

The current state of Kazakhstan financial system: theoretical and practical aspects

Against the backdrop of the global challenges of the current economic situation, the financial system of the Republic of Kazakhstan is becoming an important tool for ensuring the sustainable development of the national economy, acting as a factor in stimulating its growth. This study was undertaken to analyze the state of the national financial system based on theoretical principles that determine its structure and significance in financial development. The financial system of Kazakhstan mainly solves the problem of providing the national economy with financial resources and promoting economic growth. At the same time, an analysis of the state of the financial system, based on theoretical principles regarding its significance and indicators of the country’s financial development, allows us to identify key problems and directions for its further development. In the context of ensuring economic growth, the role of the financial system is considered from the point of view of indicators characterizing the degree of its development. The study identifies structural components of the financial system that correlate with the Financial Development Index provided by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). This approach allows us to assess the current state of Kazakhstan's financial system, identify problems, and identify areas for further improvement. The study's results highlight the need to improve the efficiency of financial institutions, emphasizing the role of market mechanisms in the formation and distribution of the country's financial resources. Kazakhstan's financial system needs further reforms to achieve sustainable economic development.

Transformation of the trade policy paradigm: Theoretical and institutional aspects

Transformation of the trade policy paradigm: Theoretical and institutional aspects

Optimized position analysis of multi-directional active mounting system based on quantification formula

This paper mainly studies the influence of active mounting system for vehicle engine vibration from both theoretical and experimental aspects. First, an active mounting system that considers both horizontal and vertical directions is proposed, modeled, analyzed and verified. The structure contains a bent beam representing the engine, two sets of actuator and elastomer forming active paths, and a straight beam representing the chassis. Second, the force and phase of the active mounts at each location combination are calculated based on static and dynamic methods. The dynamic analysis method is used to examine how the control signal changes with the input signal to learn the correlation between them. The static analysis is employed to obtain the change in force applied to the paths when the position of the input signal changes and to find the optimized placement criteria. Through the position relationship between force and mounting, a specific position where the applied force is relatively small was considered the optimized position of the active mounting system. Finally, these criteria were verified with experiments and the results are matched well with each other.

Theoretical aspects of the intangible assets system in the process of enterprises strategic management: definition, characteristics, classifications

The article studies theoretical aspects of the intangible assets system in the process of enterprises strategic management. In particular, it highlights the points of view of Russian and foreign scientists regarding the definition of the intangible assets concept. The author’s definition of intangible assets as a set of a company’s resources and assets, which do not have a physical form, are used in the process of creating goods (services) for a long period of time (more than a year), are involved in the creation of values that provide a company a competitive advantage in the market and meet the requirements of identifiability (an object separation from other resources), the presence of future profits from their use, and direct or indirect control by a company. The basic criteria of intangible assets are identifiability, control over them, and the presence of future profits from their use. Despite the variety of available approaches in foreign literature to the intangible assets classification, in our opinion, the classification, which includes human, customer, and structural assets (capital), is fundamental. The article concludes that foreign authors shift their research focus from organizational (structural) intangible assets, such as corporate culture, organizational structure, and brand, to consumer and attitudinal (customer) ones, such as the level of customer satisfaction and loyalty and relationships value. The methodological approaches analysis to intangible assets assessment, the issues of their creation, modeling, and use by companies is a direction for further research.

Elastic spin angular momentum of zero-order flexural mode in thin rod system

The exploration of elastic wave behaviors in solid materials has revealed their intricate topological properties in recent years, particularly highlighting the significance of a previously underappreciated characteristic known as elastic spin angular momentum. This aspect plays a crucial role in the dynamics of elastic waves. Our research has focused on elucidating the theoretical aspects of elastic spin angular momentum, especially concerning the zero-order flexural mode in thin rod systems. Through meticulous theoretical analysis, we have deduced the nature of this angular momentum and successfully calculated the distribution of spin within these systems. The implications of our findings are substantial, as they contribute to an enhanced physical comprehension of the topological attributes associated with the flexural mode in thin rod structures, thereby offering new avenues for understanding material behaviors and their potential technological applications.

Shaping teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior through self-efficacy and trust in colleagues: moderating role of collective efficacy

Background/purposeThe aims of this study are: (1) to examine the mediating effect of teacher self-efficacy on the relationship between trust in colleagues and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB); and (2) to evaluate the moderating effect of collective efficacy on the relationships between teachers’ self-efficacy and OCB, as well as between trust in colleagues and OCB.Design/methodology/approachThe cross-sectional data were based on 408 sets of usable questionnaires collected from teachers who worked in government schools in Malaysia. The partial least square structural equation modeling technique was used to test the model and hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicate that trust in colleagues is positively related to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and teacher self-efficacy. Additionally, teacher self-efficacy and OCB are also positively related. Furthermore, the relationship between trust in colleagues and OCB is partially mediated by teacher self-efficacy. Moreover, collective efficacy significantly moderates the path between teacher self-efficacy and OCB but not between trust in colleagues and OCB.Originality/valueDespite earlier studies examining the relationship between trust, teacher self-efficacy, and OCB, little is known about the mediating mechanism of teacher self-efficacy and the moderating effect of collective efficacy. Thus, this present study makes significant contributions in both theoretical and practical aspects.

Different theoretical aspects of the intrinsic decoherence in the Milburn formalism

Different theoretical aspects of the intrinsic decoherence in the Milburn formalism

Формирование оценочных значений, связанных с обесценением внеоборотных активов

The purpose of the study is to analyze the theoretical and practical aspects of the formation of accounting estimates related to the impairment of non-current assets. The author considers the features of impairment test for fixed assets and intangible assets, considering the requirements of federal and international standards. Based on the systematization of discounted cash flow calculation practices, a formula for determining the value in use as one of the possible values of the recoverable amount and a formula for the present value of cash flows, considering improvements in the accounting regulation system, are proposed. The practical significance of the research is the development of specific methodological recommendations for the calculation of individual articles and components of the value in use.

A density functional theory study of a series of symmetric dibenzylideneacetone analogues as potential chemical UV-filters

The aim of this research was to provide valuable insights on symmetrical α,β-unsaturated ketones as potential chemical ultraviolet (UV) filters from experimental data and theoretical aspects. Towards this end, density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) calculations on a series of symmetrical α,β-unsaturated ketones, (1E,4E)-1,5-bis[4-(R)phenyl]penta-1,4-diene-3-one (R = methylthio, 1; R = dimethylamino, 2; R = ethyl, 3), were performed to determine the effect of different electron-donating substituents on their stability when exposed to solar UV radiation. Their molecular structures, and UV-visible, infrared (IR) and NMR (1H and 13C) spectra were theoretically obtained from their optimized geometries with the B3LYP/6-311++ G (d, p) basis set and were compared with the experimental results. Conformational analysis was performed and the most stable conformer of each compound was identified as the trans-trans conformer, which was further supported by experimental NMR data. The UV spectra and effect of solvent polarity and proticity were studied by the time-dependent-DFT (TD-DFT) approach with the B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p) level of theory. Furthermore, various molecular parameters like dipole moment, frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energies, ΔEHOMO-LUMO gap, lifetime of the first excited state (τ), global chemical reactivity descriptors, and natural bond orbital analysis were predicted at the same level of theory and compared with the experimental data. Inspection of the active FMOs revealed the photoinstability trends of 1 and 3 under UV irradiation. However, introducing a -N(CH3)2 substituent to 2 at the para-position improves its photostability towards simulated UV radiation. Thus, compound 2 has the potential to provide efficient broad-spectrum protection against UV radiation. This work has shown that molecular modelling strategies can assist to rationalize experimental findings and also support the identification of photoproducts of 1 and 3.

Stability of the Constitutions of the Republics within the Russian Federation: theoretical and practical aspects

Stability of the Constitutions of the Republics within the Russian Federation: theoretical and practical aspects

Challenges in Building a Secure Sustainable Society Amid Global Risks and Threats: Theoretical and Practical Aspects

The development of society must be based on its sustainability. The current geopolitical situation is linked to extensive security challenges, new extremist manifestations, and threats at international and national levels. In today’s circumstances, the classic conventional threats are complemented by new global threats: hybrid threats, terrorism, cybercrime, and transnational organised crime. The multiple factors affecting public security and its sustainable development are changing. The new types of threats destabilise international policies in the implementation of the strategy for the sustainable development of society, which requires an objectively determined need for their interdisciplinary study. The study process should take into account that the geopolitical situation is highly dynamic, and the perception and evaluation of its transformation are variable. The study results show that people face feelings of insecurity, anxiety, and depression in current socio-political settings. International global security index scores generally show adverse patterns in these parameters for countries and cities. The study uses a variety of information sources and cognitive tools to identify the state of security and its threats. Its results will contribute to the development of practical conceptual frameworks for the further development of a sustainable and safe society, taking into account global risks and threats. In a turbulent era characterised by risks, one needs to learn how to understand, anticipate, assess, manage, and mitigate their potential negative impacts. This requires appropriate action, technological solutions, and changes in attitudes. Keywords: Security, society, sustainable development, threats

Training of Trainers 4.0 Industri Kecil Menengah Furnitur Untuk Mendorong Transformasi Digital Dengan Teknologi Internet of Things

The furniture industry in Central Java still faces various challenges, especially in adopting advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0. Many furniture SMEs still rely on manual or semi-manual production methods, which result in suboptimal product quality and production efficiency, making it difficult to compete in the global market. To address these challenges, the Community Service Program carried out by the Furniture Industry Business Management Study Program at Polytechnic of Furniture Industry and Wood Processing actively played a role through the Training of Trainers activity. This program aims to provide intensive training on the implementation of IoT and Industry 4.0 technologies to furniture SMEs in Central Java, focusing on developing practical skills and fostering digital transformation. Training of Trainers training involved Furniture Industry Business Management lecturers who possess specialized expertise in Industry 4.0 technologies. The training covered both theoretical and practical aspects, allowing participants to not only understand the concepts but also implement them in their work environments. Evaluation results showed a significant increase in the participants' understanding and skills in applying Industry 4.0 and Internet of Things technologies. A tangible example of the success of this training is PT. AST Indonesia, which successfully implemented Industry 4.0 and Internet of Things technologies in its production processes after participating in the Training of Trainers program. This success is concrete evidence that the training provided by Furniture Industry Business Management can contribute significantly to enhancing the competitiveness of furniture SMEs in the digital era, in line with the vision of "Making Indonesia 4.0.

Temporality and delayed models as dynamic characteristics of happiness

The subject of the study is the dynamic characteristics of happiness. The theoretical aspects of highlighting the context of temporality in happiness research are highlighted. The importance of time perspective for understanding happiness as a sociocultural phenomenon, as well as subjective well-being, is considered. The characteristics of delayed models of happiness are highlighted, influencing the perception of current life as an approach to a happier future. The empirical basis of the study is the results of a sociological study of Russian residents aged 18-60 years (n=1170) using an online survey conducted in September 2024 in capital cities (Moscow, St. Petersburg), the regional center (Ekaterinburg) and cities of the Sverdlovsk region. The novelty of the study lies in the identification and comparison of subjective assessments of happiness in a time perspective, past – present – future, which made it possible to identify an inclined trajectory of assessment of subjective well-being. The assessment of life satisfaction as a whole is shown to shift to lower levels in comparison with the assessment of current happiness. A contradiction has been revealed between the expectation of a better future and the uncertainty in its implementation. The use of a generational approach made it possible to fix temporality in the context of the influence of age and life experience on the perception of happiness, generational inequality of happiness and the convergence of assessments of chronic and current happiness with increasing age. Prospects for research on the topic are identified related to the insufficiency of quantitative measurement of the dynamic characteristics of happiness and the possibilities of identifying narratives in describing the temporality of the life experience of happiness, including its deferred models.

Traditional sacred meanings in the ethnoregional culture of Altai

This article presents the study of methodological approaches to the study of the traditional sacred ethnoregional culture of Altai. The essence of the concept of "sacred" culture is considered. The theoretical aspects of the study of the "sacred" ethnoregional culture of Altai are revealed. A comparative analysis of various traditional forms of sacredness in the development of the ethnoregional culture of Altai is carried out. The problem of preserving the cultural heritage of Altai is considered.The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of traditional sacred meanings in the ethnoregional culture of Altai. Objectives: - to consider the theoretical aspects of the study of the sacred ethnoregional culture of Altai; - to conduct a comparative analysis of various traditional forms of sacredness in the development of the ethnoregional culture of Altai. The subject of the study is the traditional sacred meanings in the ethnoregional culture of Altai.The object of the study is the ethnoregional culture of Altai. The practical significance of this work lies in the possibility of using the data obtained in the creation of local regional programs for the preservation of ethnocultural traditionalism. The method and methodology of the work: the basis of the research is the principle of a systematic approach. To study methodological approaches to research, the sources of information were textbooks and monographs by such authors as M. Eliade, T.V. Bernyukevich, I.Ya. Murzina, N.I. Kaplan, G.M. Kazakova, V.A. Lipinskaya and others. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the culture of Altai is a huge layer of ethnographically diverse ethnic groups. Each ethnic group has its own sacred values and social patterns through which these values can be passed on to subsequent generations. This can be traced by the example of the Altai house painting, in everyday objects there is a complex semantic complex of sacralization. On the one hand, painting appears as a way of sacralizing human existence, on the other hand, it is a channel for transmitting appropriate social patterns that influence the consolidation of bearers of a particular culture. The boundaries of the sacred here are determined by the substantial meanings of human existence and the civilizational level of development of the sacralization of values. Traditional sacred meanings are intertwined with the way of life, culture and way of life of the people.