Meaning Of Themes Research Articles

Metaphorical interpretations of the educator-student relationship: An innovation in nursing educational research.

Previous research has shown that collecting and analysing metaphors is a useful strategy in seeking data that are difficult to collect via verbal interviews or that cannot be represented by statistics. This study explored nursing students' perceptions of the educator-student relationship using metaphorical interpretation. A qualitative study with a personal essay approach was adopted. A total of 124 students were recruited from a nursing school in Hong Kong. A personal essay form was distributed to the participants. They were asked to give a metaphor with explanations to describe the power dynamics in the educator-student relationship, within 200 words in English or Chinese. After some thought, the participants each gave their own metaphor individually, because the aim of this study was to collect their subjective experiences. The results were presented as follows: a) The overall description of the metaphors; b) The three groups of metaphors; c) The fives natures of metaphors; d) The most significant metaphors; and e) The four thematic meanings - (i) nurturing role; (ii) guiding role; (iii) insufficient connection; and (iv) promoting development. The implications for research methods and nurse education of collecting and analyzing metaphors were discussed. Discrepancies in metaphorical interpretations are to be expected, as interpretations are dependent on the researchers' socio-cultural background, personal experiences, professional training, languages spoken, and other factors.

The Analysis of Interpersonal Meaning (MOOD), Ideational Meaning (TRANSITIVITY) and Textual Meaning (THEME) of News Item Text Entitled “Nikita Mirzani: I`m Not a Prostitute”

Today, media has become primary needs as food and clothing. It has played significant role in strengthening the society that is as a "mirror" of the modern society. It’s used not only to inform people about current, new affairs and what is happening around them and the world but also to form opinions and make judgments regarding various issues. Cohen, (1963); McCombs & Shaw, (1972) stated that when mass media emphasize a topic, the audience/public receiving the message will consider this topic to be important. However, systemic functional grammar is concerned primarily with the grammar choices makes available to speakers and writers. These choices relate speakers' and writers' intentions to the concrete forms of a language. This study is attempt to investigate the interpersonal meaning (mood), ideational meaning (transitivity) and textual meaning (theme) of news item text entitled “Nikita Mirzani: I`m Not a Prostitute”.The news becomes very interesting for some people, because this news is indicated as distractor issue for Freeport cases.After analyzing the mood system in this text, so the writer can conclude that all of the information in this news is declarative mood. For example when the Nikita stated you can confront me with O and F (pimp suspects). I do not know them. This proof gives us justification that the speakers indeed intentionally give fruitful and clear information to each other. The use of full declaratives here also indicates that the text shares a common focus on the giving of information. There is only full declarative in this text, there is no full polar interrogative, full WH-interrogative, imperative and so on. After we discuss the mood types, and then move on the next table, about Modality and Polarity. There are four modality used in this text. Those are the use of can (two times), could and might. So, it assumes that some information given is in the form of “advice”.Based on the table above, it also can be concluded that there are five transitivity process used in this text. The major process used in this text is attributive process. In the second place is material, mental and verbal process with 17,7 %. Then, the last is 5,8% process of this text used behavioral process. In this text, there are also three major circumstance used those are location, extent and manner with frequency 25%. Then it’s continued by role and cause circumstance with 12,5%. In this text the system of Theme and Rheme provides important ways in which textual meanings at the clause level may be established. Theme-Rheme structure allows information to flow from one clause to another. The logical flow helps create cohesiveness of the text in the news. Theme is realized by position (initial). In the SFL an analysis of language, pattern of thematic choice are seen as realizing textual meanings, which in turn are the realization of mode dimensions of the context of situation, thus thematic choice realize meanings about the organization of the communicative event and the experiential and interpersonal distance.

El perenne enfrentamiento entre intimidad y conciencia en Rosas Artificiales de Gabriel García Márquez

Este documento es parte de un proyecto de investigación más amplio patrocinado por la Universidad de Canberra sobre el tema general de análisis e interpretación de historias literarias cortas. Uno de los elementos clave en la interpretación de una historia se define en la manera como el autor estructura su argumento. El acercamiento sobre cómo desarrollar el tema del cuento depende en gran medida sobre cómo el escritor estructura la acción de la historia.Esta forma es el resultado de un proceso de concentración que no permite disipación o extensión y en el cual los elementos realmente significativos se están perfeccionando. Debido a este proceso de concentración de tiempo, narrativa y ajuste, el autor logra encapsular sin retrasos o distracciones una acción simple o un acontecimiento cuyo argumento tiene bastante intensidad para ser tomado como una síntesis significativa. Debido a su longitud, un cuento implica una estructura, cuya característica esencial debe ser de forma significativa y autónoma.

Bigger experiences and the meaning of adventure

ABSTRACTThis study is a phenomenological portraiture of an adventurer that explores the meanings of the adventure experience. Through interview and observation, I reveal four thematic meanings of the adventure experience for the research participant: solitude and camaraderie; escape; challenge; and living life. The implications of these findings for adventure education are discussed.

Joint Functioning of Two Parallel Trajectories of Signification: Ambrose Bierce's "A Horseman in the Sky"

In interpreting literary narrative, we usually go along one trajectory of signification and explore what thematic message is conveyed by verbal choices in text. But in some literary narratives, there exist two parallel trajectories of signification. They are, on one hand, independent, each functioning on its own, and on other need each other in meaning making of text. Although working together in generating thematic message, they do go in conflicting thematic directions. Paying attention only to one trajectory will lead to suppression of thematic meaning linguistic choices simultaneously generate in other trajectory, resulting in one-sided picture. If we uncover how two parallel trajectories contradict, condition, and complement each other, we will not only get fuller and more balanced picture of thematic significance of text, but also come to see tension and semantic density of this kind of literary texts from new angle. Moreover, we are invited to see meaning not as meaning generated in text but as meaning generated in given trajectory of signification in text. In what follows, I will first reveal, step by step, dual trajectory of signification in Ambrose Bierce's Horseman in Sky (1891), prefacing analysis with brief summary of existing criticisms. Then I will compare this text with Bierce's Affair at Coulter's Notch (1891), which only has single trajectory of signification but which has been put on par with other text. Based on analysis, I will explain how dual trajectory of signification differs from various kinds of complicated meaning as previously investigated. In addition, I will suggest how to uncover dual trajectory. PREVIOUS CRITICISMS OF HORSEMAN IN THE SKY Bierce's Horseman in Sky is one of most famous American Civil War stories. It has tragic plot: A young Virginian named Carter Druse joins Union army, and while on sentry duty, he discovers Confederate horseman spy at edge of cliff. The spy turns out to be no other than his own father, who he has to kill for protection of five regiments of his comrades. Remembering his father's words that he should always do his duty, he fires at horse, resulting in falling of father on horseback from top of cliff. Focusing on victim, Allan Smith thinks that story might indeed reasonably be subtitled 'The Dead Father' (72). Other critics pay more attention to son as central character, who is one of protagonists of Bierce's stories trapped in an explicable nightmare world of sudden and often random destruction, trap in this case constituted by misplaced patriotism (Morris 122-23). The story expresses deep psychological trauma, and central character becomes automatized, part of military machine (Solomon 150-51). This is tale in which the tragedy of Civil War in splitting up families into enemy factions is unforgettably etched (Joshi 46), and in which we read of nothing but minutest details of bodily and mental pain (Novels of Week). H. E. Bates asserts that the famous A Horseman in Sky' alone would put him [Bierce] into front rank of all commentators on futility of war (50). Bierce himself joined Union army in April 1861. Although he fought heroically for United States, internecine was very traumatic for him. As result, he became an antiwar writer, famous for his bitter irony against horrifying, cruel, irrational, and inhuman nature of war. Horseman in Sky is representative work among Bierce's stories that convey with bitter irony a fatalistic, defeatist vision of battle in which noble and simple-minded alike are consumed, or consume themselves (Hunter 286). No nineteenth-century American writers sustained an ironic approach to so consistently as Bierce did (Solomon 155). …

Environmental evaluation of MODIS-derived land units

A land stratification of the French territory had been previously performed based on time series of vegetation and texture indices. This stratification led to 300 radiometrically homogenous regions that were considered as land units (LUs). In this paper, we present a quantitative analysis of the LUs, with the aim of testing if these LUs are linked to landscape. In this sense, an evaluation of their thematic meaning in terms of environmental variables and land cover was performed. In order to achieve this, we first conducted a statistical analysis at national scale using a set of environmental variables and land cover by means of Moran’s autocorrelation index and Spearman rank correlation index. Second, to analyze the quality of the boundaries between neighboring LUs, we developed a method based on the Spearman rank correlation index calculated on test areas across the boundaries. The first analyses showed that the most explanatory variables of the LUs were land cover, topography and parent material. The boundaries analysis was applied at a regional scale (Pyrenean region), and showed that 89% of the boundaries were well explained by the land cover compositions. The results obtained support the hypothesis that time series of broad resolution remote-sensing images can capture landscape identities and produce LUs maps that have an environmental and land occupation sense.

Attribute Development Using Continuous Stakeholder Engagement to Prioritize Treatment Decisions: A Framework for Patient-Centered Research

ObjectivesTo develop a methodological approach for selecting, validating, and prioritizing attributes for health care decision making. MethodsParticipants (n = 48) were recruited from community support groups if they had a child aged 26 years or younger diagnosed with a coexisting mental health condition and cognitive impairment. Six in-depth interviews eliciting care management experiences were transcribed and coded into themes following the principles of grounded theory and the constant comparative method. Six focus groups involving 42 participants assessed the relevance, priority, and meaning and inter-relationship among the themes. The positive predictive value and sensitivity assessed agreement on thematic meaning. A final list was selected from the top priorities with good agreement as candidate attributes. Attribute levels reflecting the range of experiences in care management decisions emerged from the verbatim passages within each coded theme. ResultsParticipants were the child’s mother (73%), white (77%), married (69%), and on average 48 years old. The children were on average 14 years old; 44% had an intellectual disability, 25% had autism, and more than half had anxiety or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. All 14 attributes identified from the in-depth interviews were deemed relevant. The positive predictive value exceeded 90%, and the sensitivity ranged from 64% to 89%. The final set of attributes formed the framework for care management decisions consisting of six attributes (medication, behavior, services, social, treatment effects, and school) each with three levels. ConclusionsA systematic approach grounded in qualitative methods produced a framework of relevant, important, and actionable attributes representing competing alternatives in clinical decisions.

Subjektien tilallinen paikantuminen Zadie Smithin romaanissa White Teeth


 
 
 Spatial Positioning of Subjects in Zadie Smith’s White Teeth
 The aim of this article is to scrutinize how space a ects and shapes construction of gender and ethnicity in Zadie Smith’s (b.1975) novel White Teeth (2000). Smith’s debut novel has been highly acclaimed not only for its portrayal of contemporary British multicultural society but also for its deep and multileveled narration. Today the novel is an important part of Black British Literature and it has gained a lot of academic attention – especially from postcolonial critics – since its publication.
 This article is built around three di erent kinds of ”you know” expressions found in the novel. All these expressions concern knowledge of intersectional categories of gender and ethnicity. e intersectional identity categories are always constructed in a space, thus positioning subjects and constructing an identity is always a spatial phenomenon. Space is not an empty container or a simple background but a socially produced entity.
 Thematic meanings of ”you know” expressions vary. First reveals racialized and gendered subject positions into which subjects are discursively positioned. However, it also denotes a break in such kind of thinking.
 Second expression of knowledge is linked to nationality and Englishness. e relation of ethnicity and nationality are analysed by using Michel Foucault’s concepts of utopia and heterotopia. e idea of homogenous and unitary nation is questioned by a metaphor of a mirror but also by revealing the image of an ”English Rose” to be nothing but an often enough repeated illusion, a cultural image without a real reference point.
 Third and last knowledge phrase analysed in the article is presented in a form of a question. Question form allows de nitions considering subjectivity and identity to be left open. Even though occupying empty space i.e. to be wholly disconnected from various kind of discursive positionings is not possible, White Teeth nevertheless illustra­ tes that subject positions are always only partial. e question mark suggests that there truly are spaces for questioning xed, normative constructions of gender and ethnicity.
 
 

Storytelling Strategy Based on Locality of Jeju Island

A policy for developing local culture has been magnified these days. Visual-image Content especially plays a central role in developing OSMU in Korea, and so local governments actively support this field. Jeju has served as the backdrop for a number of visual-image content thus far by utilizing its own characteristics, such as its natural environment, its myths, and its living culture. This study attempted to examine the most effective method to incorporate regional characteristics into the planning of visual-image content. My Mother the Mermaid used the strategy of adding its thematic meaning based on a good understanding of the symbolic spatial representation of Jeju. It is important to find any connection with the story from the spatial materials used in the film and apply special meanings to them. 1. Visual-Image Content and Regional Revitalization 1.1. Urban Regeneration in an Era of Creative Economy The economic and social influence of culture is very powerful in the era of the creative economy. Even from the community's perspective, culture is an important element used to create the community's identity and image. The quality of the local residents' cultural life could also be enhanced through the active development of such a community culture. For that reason, a political strategy, which aims to develop the community's culture, has been magnified these days. The key of today's urban regeneration is not to redevelop cities physically but to improve the quality of local people's lives by reviving local community. That means urban regeneration is about integrating society, economy, and environment on the premise of voluntary and active engagement of local people. Furthermore, the necessity of establishing a strategic and systematic urban regeneration plan tailored to regional characteristics is arising along with urban projects implemented at a national level. In the process of urban development in a post industrial society, the cities facing obstacles tried to implement a revitalization project in various ways. Its direction was to renew urban images and introduce numerous cultural events as a cultural strategy. In other words, urban development was about changing its model centering on the service industry, especially tourism, not on the manufacturing industry. Cities cannot expect further development only with great industrial locations and abundant jobs, which were the key of urban development in the past. Now cities are competing fiercely to attract residents, the main consumer, and tourists as labors in an industrial society did intensely for limited jobs, naturally leading to urban growth.

Theme development in qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis

Sufficient knowledge is available about the definition, details and differences of qualitative content and thematic analysis as two approaches of qualitative descriptive research. However, identifying the main features of theme as the data analysis product and the method of its development remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to describe the meaning of theme and offer a method on theme construction that can be used by qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis researchers in line with the underpinning specific approach to data analysis. This methodological paper comprises an analytical overview of qualitative descriptive research products and the meaning of theme. Also, our practical experiences of qualitative analysis supported by relevant published literature informed the generation of a stage like model of theme construction for qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis. This paper comprises: (i) analytical importance of theme, (ii) meaning of theme, (iii) meaning of category, (iv) theme and category in terms of level of content, and (v) theme development. This paper offers a conceptual clarification and a pragmatic step by step method of theme development that has the capacity of assisting nurse researchers understand how theme is developed. As nursing is a pragmatic discipline, nurse researchers have tried to develop practical findings and devise some way to “do something” with findings to enhance the action and impact of nursing. The application of a precise method of theme development for qualitative descriptive data analysis suggested in this paper helps yield meaningful, credible and practical results for nursing.

“With wealth come wants”: Scottish Romanticism as Improvement in the Fiction of John Galt

A RECURRING SET PIECE IN JOHN GALT'S NOVEL OF 1823, THE ENTAIL, emblematizes the protagonist's tortured obsession with the ancestral lands that it has been his life's work to regain. Dispossessed as a young man, Claud Walkinshaw has made recovering and safeguarding his hereditary estate the actuating principle of his life. This fixation is reflected in the ageing Claud's compulsive visits to a viewpoint that overlooks the now-reclaimed Kittlestonheugh lands: On gaining the brow of the hill, he halted, and once more surveyed the scene. For a moment it would seem that a glow of satisfaction passed over his heart; but it was only a hectical flush, instantly succeeded by the of moral disgust; and he turned abruptly around, and seated himself with his back towards the view which had afforded him so much pleasure. In this situation he continued some time, resting his forehead on his staff, and with his eyes fixed on the ground. (1) Claud's nausea of moral disgust prevents him from being able to look upon the estates he has idolized--at the cost of sacrificing social values and practices, including disinheriting his first-born. Holding the ivory-headed staff (183) that we learn is adorned with the meaningful symbol of a lone silver eye, this pedlar-turned-Glasgow-grandee experiences a profound moral unease towards the end of a single-minded life of what Galt calls gathering (150): the accumulation of wealth. Claud is importantly motivated by his fanatical pride in hereditary status, and the sense of just desserts in this passage is aimed primarily at that weakness via another: simple avarice. Yet both faults are serving here as parts of a wider meditation on explicitly national narrative. This moment of moral outrage and self-disgust is one significant example from a novel that deals in striking fashion with a whole series of social, political, and moral anxieties occasioned by the preceding period in national history, Scotland's Age of Improvement. (2) Furthermore, while the project of The Entail sees Galt's historical analysis vividly disintegrate--through both formal and thematic means--into pessimism, this can be read as amplification of tensions already inherent within his oeuvre, as demonstrated in the Annals of the Parish of 1821. (3) If Scottish literature of the early nineteenth century owes much to the cultural influence of the capital city of Edinburgh, Galt is a writer for whom Scotland's western urban center is still more important. Building on his roots in Irvine and Greenock, Galt's work particularly reflects the experience of the west, concentrated around the emerging imperial trading hub of Glasgow. As Glaswegian merchants gorged themselves on the profits of colonial markets--becoming an oligarchy, as proud and sacred, in what respects the reciprocities of society, as the famous Seignories of Venice and Genoa (Entail 109)--a rapid transformation of the west seemed to focus the broader trajectory of Lowland Scotland. From the perspective of the 1820s, a frequently accelerated process of economic and social change in Scotland since the mid eighteenth century was evident. In critical terms this embedded improvement--the Enlightenment's ubiquitous doctrine of progress--as a term of paradigmatic importance for the period. Centered on this vital keyword used by Scots in many areas of life, discourses of improvement represent the ideological pressures produced at this early phase of modernization and globalization. Christopher J. Berry has recently offered a lucid articulation of the centrality of improvement to the complex formation of the Scottish Enlightenment (including its widespread association with the formation and consolidation of the British state). (4) Improvement is not exclusively a commercial paradigm, yet as the narrative by which Enlightenment conjectural history understood the transition from previous stages of civilization to commercial modernity, it occasions a crucial intersection in discourse between progress and commerce. …

Narrating (Im)Maturity: The Progressive Popularization of Enlightenment Principles in Wielands Geschichte des Agathon and Engels Herr Lorenz Stark

This article argues for scholarly attention to so-called ‘trivial literature’ as a site of the development of Enlightenment ideals of self-reflection and critical thinking. After establishing the bifurcation of the ‘canonical’ and the ‘trivial’ in literary scholarship, it traces 18 th -century philosophical concern with spreading enlightenment in essays by Kant and Herder. It then turns to analyses of a canonical work of literature—Christoph Martin Wieland’s History of Agathon —and an exemplar of trivial literature—Johann Jakob Engel’s Herr Lorenz Stark —to assert that these novels, their significant differences in difficulty or accessibility notwithstanding, both depict processes of enlightenment and induce these processes in their readers via distinctive thematic and formal means. Trivial literature becomes a first step toward processes of individual maturity—and more difficult reading. I thus argue that it makes sense to move beyond the trivial/canonical bifurcation and investigate the literary world of the late eighteenth century as a malleable continuum.

DECONSTRUCTION IN PAINTING: AN APPLICATION OF DECONSTRUCTION THEORY IN SELECTED PAINTINGS OF PABLO PICASSO

Having been always associated with the French theoretician Jacques Derrida, the term ‘Deconstruction’ happened to become the greatest revolutionary theory proposed in the twentieth century. As the term points to, deconstruction theory tends to deny any sort of fixed stable system of predicted rules and meanings in art. Rather, it offers an existing infinity and flexibility in meaning as an inborn entity in the discussion of art interpretation. Deconstruction theory, further concentrates itself on the active role, an audience’s ideologies and individuality operate during the process of his/her interpretation of a piece of art, while insisting on cultural parameters. The current article aims to reveal how deconstruction can help critics and individuals to reach a worldwide multidimensional understanding and appreciation of any genre of art by applying its major applications of binary oppositions and ideological privileged on two selected works of the famous twentieth century painter, Pablo Picasso. Hence, shedding a new light of understanding on Picasso’s works by seeking to curve out his ideological privileges and proposing new possible relationships between the concepts and the meanings in his paintings. In this regard it must be noted that deconstruction focuses on two major points in its applications; the first one deals with the uncertainty of an artistic work as a mean to reveal the self-contradictory and multiplicity of the thematic meanings proposed by both the artist and the audience, and the second point focuses on the underlying ideological dimensions within the artifact. Finally, it is believed that artist’s ideological frameworks can be decoded by applying deconstruction theories on his/her artifacts. Keywords: Jacques Derrida, Deconstruction, Twentieth Century, Art, Binary opposition, Ideological privileges, Pablo Picasso

Insider Action research as an approach and a method – Exploring institutional encounters from within a birthing context

The aim of this paper was to describe the first person perspective of being a peer midwife and a novice researcher initiating collaborative AR in her own organization to develop knowledge about the first encounters between the labouring woman and her care-givers in a hospital birthing context. It was motivated by the author’s longstanding professional clinical experience of observing and hearing parents’ stories of vulnerability and fear of childbirth, and how staff’s attitudes affected the childbirth experience negatively. Data were collected between 2010 and 2013 and included the researcher’s log with reflections from clinical work, as well as interviews, participant observation, and research group communications. A reflective interpretative lifeworld research approach was used to analyze the data. The experience of being a novice insider action researcher (IARr) consisted of three thematic meanings: “the struggle to initiate a clinical insider action research project,” “standing alone at the messy front line,” and “being a catalytic counterbalance to the prevailing medico technical focus.” The comprehensive understanding was “learning how to clinically reflect on and to voice the tacit components of care.” The strategy used in undertaking this study was influenced by the philosophies of both midwifery care and AR.

The Lexico Grammatical Features of the Political Register Analysis in the Editorial of the Jakarta Post Newspaper

This research entitled ”The Lexico Grammatical Features of The Political Registers Analysis in The Editorials of The Jakarta Post newspaper 2005” is intended to describe the political register in the editorials of the Jakarta Post particularly the lexemes of political registers and its types of meaning according to Leech. The object of the research is the registers in the editorials of the Jakarta Post newspaper March-May 2005. In collecting the data, the researcher uses the noting techniques by taking a note. In doing the analysis, the researcher applies the descriptive method to describe and to analyze all the data, because the data of this research are in the form of words, phrases, and sentences. Based on the result of the research, there are four parts of speech of lexemes which are found in the editorial of the Jakarta Post newspaper March-May 2005. There are 11 words of verb lexeme with the frequency of occurrence 8.16%, 44 words of noun lexeme with the frequency of occurrence 83 %, 8 words of adjective lexemes with the frequency of occurrence 8.2 %, and there is one word of adverb lexeme with frequency of occurrence 0.3 %. So, there are 64 terms of political registers with the total frequency 324 times. There are two types of meaning found in the sentences written in the editorial of the JP. Those two meanings are conceptual meaning and reflected meaning. There were no connotative, stylistic, affective, collocative and thematic meaning found in this research. Because those five types of meaning do not fulfill the criteria needed to express something in relation to the political language aims.Key Words: Lexico Grammatical Features; Political Register; and Jakarta Post Newspaper

The Transitivity System and Thematic Meaning: A Feminist-stylistics Approach to Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover

B y employing Sara Mill’s feminist-stylistics approach, this paper explores the thematic relationship between transitivity system and the male - dominance theme of Lawrence’s Lady Chatterley’s Lover . B y analyzing the transitivity choice, we find that material process dominate s over other verb processes and in most cases Mellors, the hero, serves as an active dominating role in their daily life, particularly in their sexual love , and Connie, the heroine, always takes a passive obedient role in an episode of their love affair. This paper shows that Lawrence holds a chauvinist ic idea towards women and male dominance is easily seen all over his novel.

THE NATURE OF SEMANTICS

With regard to the teaching of semantics, many semantics teachers find difficultyin deciding what to teach in their semantics classes. They have the opinionthat concepts such as connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning,collocative meaning, thematic meaning, meaning changes of words, synonymy,antonymy, polysemy, harmonymy, homophony, and homography are the primarymaterials of semantics classes. While those concepts are necessary materials ofsemantics and are usually taught, teachers of semantics must be well aware thatthey are not the primary materials of semantics. They are secondary materials.This paper describes the main materials of semantics which consist of word meaning,sentence meaning, and utterance meaning.

IDENTITAS KEINDONESIAAN DALAM NOVEL KARYA ANAK INDONESIA

This study aims to describe Indonesian identities in novels by Indonesian children.The data sources were 11 randomly selected Indonesian child novels. The data comprisedIndonesian information in novel narration. The data were collected through reading andnoting techniques. They were analyzed using the thematic analysis technique through thesteps of: describing the structure, interpreting the structure, giving thematic meanings,drawing thematic conclusions, and relating themes to other aspects. The findings areas follows. First, Indonesian identities include aspects of nationalism and statehood.The former is characterized by the use of the Indonesian language, batik art, traditionalgames, shadow puppet art, Javanese and Sundanese traditions, nationalism, and socialaffairs. The latter includes: Pancasila, the Indonesian language, Indonesian state, cities inIndonesia, and the red and white flag. Second, Indonesian identities in novels by childrenare developed through dialogues, narration, and description.

The End Is in the Beginning”: The Riddle and Interpretation of Ellison’s Invisible Man

In the prologue of Invisible Man , the narrator states that “the end is in the beginning” and supplements it with the metaphor of “boomerang”. More than encapsulating his experience, this essay tries to show that “the end is in the beginning” is operating in two other senses: narrative progression and thematic meaning. The narrative progression of the whole novel is epitomized and prefigured in the opening narrative. Thematically, the interpretation of the novel cannot ignore the riddle—grandfather’s deathbed advice which is given in the opening narrative and repeatedly returned to throughout the novel. As critics have turned from identity readings to political readings of the novel, the riddle is especially important and deserves more attention than it has received. To appreciate the narrative and thematic end-in-the-beginning, the essay will undertake a cognitive unpacking of the riddle and on this basis make a detailed stylistic analysis of the opening narrative.

The Other Chair: Portability and Translation From Personal Therapy to Clinical Practice

A majority of clinicians from all disciplines have had therapy themselves. Although surveys have attempted to count, rate, and catalog the benefits received from this therapy, linking personal therapy and subsequent clinical effectiveness has proven elusive. This study sought to explore a more “answerable” question: what it is, specifically, about personal therapy that clinicians find useful? What are the concrete strategies and behaviors that clinical social workers—who provide more therapy than any other group of helping professionals—emulate or avoid when moving from the “client chair” to the “therapist chair?” Individual interviews with thirty clinical social workers were analyzed thematically using hyperResearch for data management and retrieval. Findings fall into six thematic clusters, including skillful and unskillful means, control, time, money, use of space, and giving/giving back. Overall, the impact of personal therapy may lie in lessons learned, through “partial emulation” and internalization of the dyadic relationship, about the capacity to be imperfect yet helpful. Implications are offered for social work practice, policy, and education.