Thematic Focus Research Articles

A Política Educacional ‘São Paulo Faz Escola’ na Educação do Campo

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the analysis of Teaching Professional Development (DPD) and the curriculum policy currently in force in the Brazilian educational scenario. The main objective of this study is to understand how the documents that deal with curriculum policies in Brazil outline and evaluate the Teacher Professional Development (DPD) in teacher training courses, as well as to investigate the thematic focus attributed to the DPD in these documents. The method employed is based on a bibliographic approach supported by documentary research. The critical analysis of these documents directs a DPD based on the acquisition, by teachers, of competencies and skills supported by homological training strategies. We highlight as beneficial the recognition of continuous development, which goes beyond the episodic conception of education. In this context, we underline the collaborative approach as a fundamental strategy for Teacher Professional Development.

Research trends and hotspots of ketamine from 2014 to 2023: a bibliometric analysis.

Despite this growing interest, there remains a lack of comprehensive and systematic bibliometric analyses of ketamine research. This study aimed to summarize the progress in ketamine research through bibliometric analysis, providing insights into the development and direction of the field. Publications related to ketamine were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database on February 15, 2024. In conducting a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, a variety of bibliographic elements were meticulously collected to map the landscape of research within a specific field. Between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2023, a total of 10,328 articles on ketamine research were published across 1,752 academic journals by 45,891 authors from 8,914 institutions in 128 countries. The publication volume has shown a steady increase over this period. The United States of America (USA) and the People's Republic of China lead in both publication and citation counts. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and Yale University emerge as the most active institutions in this research domain. Carlos Zarate of the NIH National Institute of Mental Health was noted for the highest number of significant publications and received the most co-citations. The analysis revealed key research themes including mechanism of action, adverse events, psychiatric applications, and perioperative implications. This study provided comprehensive bibliometric and knowledge mapping analysis of the global ketamine research landscape, offering valuable insights into the trends, key contributors, and thematic focus areas within the field. By delineating the evolution of ketamine research, this study aims to guide future scholarly endeavors and enhance our understanding of ketamine's therapeutic potential.

Trends in food and nutrition literacy in obesity: A bibliometric analysis

Background Low food and nutrition literacy is a significant factor in obesity prevalence, adversely impacting economic and individual health outcomes, with limited research impeding effective public health interventions. Objectives This study seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of scientific research conducted over the past three decades on food and nutrition literacy in relation to obesity. The objective is to evaluate the thematic focus of studies in this domain. Methods A bibliometric analysis methodology, known as a quantitative technique, was employed to investigate scientific studies published in the Web of Science database between 1995 and 2023. The analysis, conducted using the Bibliometrix library in R StudioIDE, considers key variables such as publication year, authorship, countries of origin, high-impact journals, citations, collaborations, and keywords. Results The research encompasses 755 articles, revealing a notable surge in publications post-2007. Remarkably, studies predominantly concentrate on the food and nutrition literacy of children and adolescents. The most cited author is Velardo, whose 2015 article focuses on defining nutritional literacy. The total number of publications from the 10 countries with the most productive authors in this field is 590, accounting for 78.15% of the dataset. The integration of digital media tools among this demographic has sparked innovative research trends. Conclusions Analysis of the data underscores a shortage of research in the literature, emphasizing the need for future studies to prioritize investigating the connection between food and nutrition literacy and obesity in children and adolescents. Bridging this knowledge gap is imperative for developing effective strategies to address and mitigate the obesity epidemic in these specific age groups.

Образ науки и учёного в журнале «Наука и жизнь» (1940 - середина 1960-х гг.)

In this article authors reconstruct the image of Russian science and scientists, broadcasted on the pages of the journal “Science and Life” in the 1940 - mid 1960s. The characteristic features of the Russian/Soviet scientist are examined through the prism of anniversary. The main source of research is the popular scientific journal “Science and Life”, which also acts as the object of research. The subject field is the popularization of Soviet science. The structure of the article presents 4 parts: the historiography of the problem; the thematic focus of the journal in the dynamics of social order and editorial policy; the broadcast image of science and the scientist; conclusions. The authors used the method of content- analysis and the developments of intellectual history, with close attention to the context. A frontal review of the material allowed us to conclude that during these years the predominant attention was paid to the problems of natural science (74 %), the share of technical sciences accounted for 11 % of publications, humanities - 8 %. 7 % of all articles were publications devoted to the commemorative practices of the Soviet scientific community. The factors of this orientation of the publication are revealed. Popularization policy of the journal is examined in the context of the general change in the image of science in the middle of the 19th century, the scientific policy of the Soviet state in the 1940s-1960s and the positions of the scientific community. The authors came to the conclusion that despite the constant changes in the scientific policy of the state, the editorial board of the journal focused its readers on the importance of fundamental research and the connection between Soviet science and Soviet scientists, both with pre-revolutionary and world science. The image of Soviet scientists reflected both the ideals of the “new Soviet man” and the general scientific values associated with creative activity.

O que Dizem as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais de Formação de Professores sobre o Desenvolvimento Profissional Docente no Brasil

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the analysis of Teaching Professional Development (DPD) and the curriculum policy currently in force in the Brazilian educational scenario. The main objective of this study is to understand how the documents that deal with curriculum policies in Brazil outline and evaluate the Teacher Professional Development (DPD) in teacher training courses, as well as to investigate the thematic focus attributed to the DPD in these documents. The method employed is based on a bibliographic approach supported by documentary research. The critical analysis of these documents directs a DPD based on the acquisition, by teachers, of competencies and skills supported by homological training strategies. We highlight as beneficial the recognition of continuous development, which goes beyond the episodic conception of education. In this context, we underline the collaborative approach as a fundamental strategy for Teacher Professional Development.

Framing the Study of Digital Religion: Waves of Academic Research, Theoretical Approaches and Themes

The phenomenon of “digital religion” has emerged as a research field over the past quarter century as religious experiences integrate into the digital sphere. Within this field, researchers have adopted various theoretical frameworks and empirical methodologies to illuminate the complex dynamics that arise from the interaction between digital culture and religion. However, the existing literature on this topic is characterized by fragmentation, which makes a comprehensive understanding of its trajectory difficult. This fragmentation is particularly noticeable in the absence of a coherent narrative that outlines the field’s development. This study aims to provide a scholarly framework for understanding the trajectory of Digital Religion Studies (DRSs), encompassing successive waves of academic research, theoretical paradigms, and thematic foci. This study provides a qualitative assessment of existing literature on the relationship between digital culture and religion through a comprehensive review. A thorough literature review reveals that research in the field of digital religion can be classified into four distinct phases: descriptive, categorical, theoretical, and integrative. The prominent theoretical frameworks that have emerged media ecology, mediation, mediatization, religious-social shaping of technology (RSST), and hypermediation. Finally, the thematic categorization of research primarily revolves around topics, such as rituals, authenticity, identity, community, authority, and embodiment.

XIX-wieczne kompendium wiedzy o chorobach zakaźnych Patologia i terapia szczegółowa – pierwszy podręcznik w polskim tłumaczeniu

A 19th-Century Compendium on Infectious Diseases: Patologia i terapia szczegółowa (‘Pathology and Detailed Therapy’) – The First Textbook in Polish Translation The development of medical sciences in the 19th c. forced contemporary medical doctors to constantly improve their knowledge. The easiest way was to acquaint oneself with current problems presented in medical periodicals and book publications. Most of them were addressed to researchers. A deficit of such literature was observed in the further education for physicians practising in the provincial areas. In the partitioned areas, doctors relied on books written in German or French. This article presents the first Polish translation of the three-volume work titled Patologia i terapia szczegółowa (‘Pathology and Detailed Therapy’) and discusses the thematic focus of this publication. The three-volume edition initiated the process of developing Polish contributions in this field, heralded by the first entirely Polish textbook published in 1900 by Władysław Biegański titled Wykład o chorobach zaraźliwych, ostrych (‘Lecture on contagious, acute diseases’).

Chinese View of the World in Global Times Caricatures in 2022: Features of Constructing Images and Meanings

The article examines the main features of the presentation of the position of the Chinese government on a wide range of issues on the world stage, as well as the specifics of constructing a positive image of the country for the world community in visual materials of the English-language Chinese newspaper Global Times in September-December 2022 (at example of cartoons in the Cartoon section on the publication’s website). The graphic images included in the final sample (101 drawings in total) can be divided into two groups: those dedicated to international issues and those revealing the features of life in modern China. Much attention is paid to the study of the thematic focus of publications and the geography of the event series, the features of their visualization, as well as the analysis of the lexical originality of title complexes, the semantic content of which directly affects the nature of the representation of a figure/event/phenomenon in the media space and their perception by the wider public. mass audience all over the world. One of the emphasis is placed on examining the characteristics of the representation of different countries and regions of the world. The authors concluded that the main object of criticism of the publication is the United States, its hegemony on the world stage and failures in domestic politics. At the same time, the EU countries act as the injured party as a result of US actions in the geopolitical arena. In turn, materials about Chinese life are presented through the prism of a positive, balanced narrative, demonstrating the advantages and features of the Chinese way of life, constructing an image of a harmoniously developing, attractive society.

Diatom-based paleoenvironmental research: global trends, regional disparities and the evolving role of South America

The use of diatoms in paleoenvironmental research is of the utmost importance for reconstructing past ecosystems because it provides crucial insights into the adaptability and resilience of these systems under ongoing climate change and increased human impacts. Maintaining a comprehensive dataset distribution is crucial to ensure the validity and relevance of these reconstructions on a global scale. This scientometric study aimed to analyze trends in diatom-based paleoenvironmental research on a global scale with an emphasis on South America. This study aimed to investigate disparities in the geographical distribution of diatom-based paleoenvironmental studies, collaboration networks in the field, and regions in which this research is lacking. The Scopus search criteria excluded certain types of publications, such as conference articles and notes. The search focused on articles, reviews, books and chapters of books using specific keywords aligned with the objectives of this study. Using the Scopus database, we identified 7,091 publications (1979-2023) that employed diatoms as a primary proxy for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. The results show significant changes in this field recent decades. The analysis highlights a marked upsurge in publication output during the 1980s and a substantial increase in publications after 2000. This upward trend in scientific documentation reflects the growing interest in and recognition of the importance of this field in the context of palaeoecology and environmental sciences. After 2011, the results revealed a shift in thematic focus from historical and geological reconstruction to ecological, anthropogenic, and climatic interactions. Key researchers, including Smol JP, Leng MJ, and Birks HJB, have been at the forefront of international collaborations. Since the 2000s, South American studies have focused primarily on lakes, climate change effects, and volcanic activity. In this region, researchers such as Maidana N.I., Urrutia, R., and García-Rodriguez, F. emphasized the significance of regional ecosystems and their paleoenvironmental history in the global context of the field. Despite its high biodiversity, South America contributed only 6.7% of the global research output, placing it 19th globally. Socioeconomic factors and other obstacles faced by researchers in the region could explain the observed disparity in scientific output in South America compared to other regions. To unlock South America’s vast potential for diatom-based paleoenvironmental research, which boasts the highest global biodiversity yet remains underrepresented in the field, stakeholders must implement equitable partnerships, increase funding and improve their academic infrastructure and opportunities. These strategies are crucial for advancing the global paleoenvironmental understanding, informing future conservation and environmental policies in South America, and promoting scientific progress on a global scale.

Transdisciplinary Learning Opportunities: Exploring Differences in Complex Thinking Skill Development Between STEM and Non-STEM Majors

As higher education institutions look to educate and graduate degree earners that have the skills and knowledge necessary to design, communicate, and collaborate in ways that allow for innovative solutions to complex socio-technical challenges, new approaches to educational efforts are being considered and implemented. Institutional responses have included new courses that have a transdisciplinary focus and embedded course experiences that use problem-based approaches coupled with cross-disciplinary team exposure. Often these initiatives have a singular thematic focus (i.e., sustainability). Little is known about the efficacy of transdisciplinary learning initiatives, especially those that encompass a breadth of thematic areas, as it relates to development of complex thinking skills and whether these learning environments provide for similar benefits across student majors. This study, conducted at a Research I university, was designed to address this gap in the literature by examining whether a university level learning initiative using transdisciplinary approaches was achieving desired goals to advance undergraduate students’ complex thinking skills. Findings among the respondents (n = 592) indicate that the initiative is advancing fundamental complex thinking skills in that specific courses allow students to learn about other disciplines and provide exposure to different disciplinary perspectives. However, results reveal that across all majors courses would benefit from increased real-world problem-based exposure and opportunities to interact with community stakeholders. Additionally, results suggest that undergraduates may need opportunities to develop a deeper understanding of the complexities that exist in cross-disciplinary collaboration, including how to develop integrated solutions that leverage the strengths of technical and non-technical approaches.

Business response to mandatory corporate social responsibility with evidence from India

AbstractThere has been a lot of discussion on the shift from voluntary to mandatory corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its impacts in different countries across the globe. India is unique in this context as the reporting and expenditure of a certain amount under CSR has been mandated for companies. This article analyzes the changes and responses of Indian businesses post‐2014, when new CSR rules were enacted. The key objectives of this study are to assess the level of awareness and compliance, thematic and geographical focus areas for CSR projects, and drivers and barriers to the adoption of mandatory CSR. We performed a secondary analysis of the data from 60 companies, followed by extensive primary research through in‐person interviews and offline questionnaire responses with 100 key CSR professionals from different companies in India. A key finding from the study is that the awareness of CSR policy and the pool of CSR funds has increased. The policy mandates have been a good driver in improving transparency and reporting quality. However, there is a predominant focus on four thematic areas of education, healthcare, hunger, and poverty alleviation despite the government's efforts to expand in other areas. The geographical spread of expenditure is limited to a few key industrial states in India, limiting CSR's contribution towards national development. The study adds to the CSR literature associated with institutional and stakeholder theories by looking at the response of legally bound organizations toward society and the environment. Finally, the study provides valuable information for governments and regulatory authorities considering the mandatory implementation of CSR expenditure across the globe.

State of feline infectious peritonitis research in Ukraine during 2012-2022: systematic review

The article analyzes scientific publications of Ukrainian researchers from 2012 to 2022. Thirtytwo scientific publications from open resources and available printed publications were included in the list of analyzed articles. The search for articles was carried out by specifying the keywords “infectious peritonitis” and “feline infectious peritonitis” in search engines and scientific databases Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, as well as the search service of the National Library of Ukraine named after V.I. Vernadskyi. The main criteria for the selection of the articles were their thematic focus on the study of infectious peritonitis of cats and the availability of the text of publications in the Internet in open access. At the beginning, the article analyzes the disease, theoretical and practical interventions in the world practice of diagnosis and treatment of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). The article contains description of the biological basis of the disease and complications development of cats with feline infectious peritonitis. The results of the analysis indicate that the majority of publications in Ukraine were devoted to the postmortem study of changes in the internal organs of cats that died from feline infectious peritonitis. The obtained results indicate the development of multiple organ failure in cats. Practical treatment results described the experience of 13 cats, 12 of which received injectable forms of GS-441524. According to the correlation analysis, the use of laboratory research methods was not polymodal in the diagnosis of infectious peritonitis in cats, as indicated by prevalence of low and medium correlation between the use of laboratory research methods. In general, the results of the study indicate that the state of research of FIP in Ukraine during 2012 - 2022 was ascertaining but not experimental. Key words: feline infectious peritonitis, effusive fluid, pathomorphological changes, Rivalta test, FIP diagnosis, FIP treatment, GS-441524.

Multimedia Content of the Blogosphere as a Tool for Informational Influence

The purpose of the study is to determine the resources of the information influence of the content of the blogosphere of the Internet publication "Censor.NET". To realise this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: perform a thematic analysis of the multimedia content of the blogosphere; analyse the performance of content topics; establish a typology of visual materials; determine the productivity and artistic features of using different types of content visualisation. The research methodology lies in the use of general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, logical generalisations, the application of which made it possible to establish the thematic focus, typology of visualisation of textual information, their role in the implementation of informational influence on users of the blogosphere of the Internet publication "Censor.NET". The use of synchronous slice and statistical methods made it possible to establish quantitative indicators of the leading topics of posts in the blogosphere and types of visualisation of the analysed text. The synchronous slice is formed on the basis of a sample population. Visualisation was used to present the results of the study, in particular, regarding the topic of posts in the blogosphere and the types of visualisation of the analysed text. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the synchronous monitoring of the thematic direction and forms of visualisation of the content of the online publication, which makes it possible to evaluate its possibilities of exerting an informational influence on readers. Conclusions. The content of the blogosphere on the "Censor.NET" platform is a combination of textual and visual information. The thematic structure of the blogs indicates the top problems that are related to the political, military, socio-economic conditions of life in the country caused by the Russian-Ukrainian war. The content of the blogs indicates a high level of social instability, the expectation of aggression, as well as the activities of the Ukrainian authorities in relation to today's complex challenges. The most common visualisation methods include photos, screenshots, and videos. The specificity of the multimedia content of the blog is determined by the features of the blog platform and the nature of the publications. A blog with an optimal ratio of text and visual information helps to attract a wide target audience of readers, to exert an informational and emotional influence on them. Keywords: blog, blogosphere, thematic text structure, content visualisation, photography, video content.

„Mélyedés az agyagban”

œThe paper discusses the prose writings of Ágnes Nemes Nagy. œThe thematic focus of these texts, which form a peripheral part of the oeuvre, is the representation of nature, and thus their examination can nuance the insights into landscape poetics. In the context of the posthumous work Az öt fenyő, which bears traces of crime fiction and the Künstlerroman, the article attempts to answer the question how the relationship between nature and man (the notion of the sublime nature), the interpersonal relationships between people, and the inclusion of images and ekphrasis can provide solutions to the investigation. œThe paper interprets the tale of “Felicián vagy a tölgyfák tánca” from the perspective of ecological crisis and ecocritical content.

Postmortem: Explanations for the Consolidation of the Hungarian Authoritarian Turn after 2010

Abstract This book review essay builds on previous analysis that appeared in Hungarian Studies Review (vol. 48, no. 2, Spring 2021), as it recognizes the past three years and compares a new set of six recently published scholarly monographs that provide explanations of the causes and consequences of the consolidation of authoritarian rule in Hungary since 2010. Together, the otherwise diverse thematic and disciplinary foci of these books converge in establishing the interlocking historical, economic, and political factors that have allowed for the emergence and deepened the hegemony of thus far four consecutive Orbán governments.

Думи на водещия броя

Issue 57 of the Rhetoric and Communications journal follows the traditions of publishing analyses of studies in thematic areas, in particular in rhetoric, semiotics and in new failures of communication in the 21st Century. Again, following good traditions, the journal provides a platform for both prominent and young scientists. The authors are 11, nine of them – authors of scholarly articles. A book presentation is also included. Three of the articles are in English. The nine articles are written by 10 authors, two of whom are representatives of academic institutions of Azerbaijan and one is from the University of Bucharest. The authors from Bulgaria are representatives of Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, the National Academy for Theatre and Film Arts “Krastyo Sarafov” (NATFA), the University of National and World Economy, the University of Ruse “Angel Kanchev”, Shumen University “Bishop Konstantin Preslavski”. These are the proofs of the conclusion that the journal presents established scholars and researchers from different academic communities and established research units in Bulgaria. The thematic focus allows the formation of three sections. The first section “Rhetoric and Semiotics” includes two articles. Authors Azad Mammadov and Maryam Isgandarli from Azerbaijan focus in their research on the rhetorical and linguistic features of USA President Donald Trump's communication through a selection of key speeches at important forums. Miroslav Dachev announces the results of semiotic and visual analysis based on selected images from different monasteries on Theotokos iconography with an emphasis on intentional states and joy. The text is a contribution to an insufficiently researched area that implies an interdisciplinary approach and in-depth theoretical knowledge. The section “Public communication” includes three texts. Ivet Tileva presents a text that explores a topic of social sensitivity and significance, namely organ donation. The analysis is about selected institutional documents and previous studies on the topic and the aim is to establish both the communicative and economic dimensions of the issues. Maya Vasileva announces methodological and pedagogical results related to the training of students on current topics, namely communication management of facts and data, in particular on communication units and carbon footprint. Atanaska Milotinova presents the results of a study of media publications and institutional documents related to the fight for voting rights of American suffragettes and draws conclusions about the changes in public communication as a result of this activity and new techniques in public communication. The fourth section “Virtual Communication” includes four publications that present a wide range of studies. The use of Facebook during the election campaign for local elections in 2020 in Bucharest through the prism of gender elements in virtual communication was analyzed in depth in theoretical and visual terms by Elena-Irina I. Ghinet. Hristina Sokolova presents results on the communicative and sociocultural characteristics of the notion of success among digital consumers in Bulgaria, which presents opportunities for future research in this area. Diana Nikolova studies the communicative and linguistic features of computer jargon through a comparative analysis between two languages in selection and a rich corpus of data. Desislava Tomova remains in the field of virtual communication as the focus is on online platforms for financing art, or the so-called Crowdfunding. Simeon Vasilev presents the book “Toreador. Kevork Kevorkian. The Will of You Win” with a volume of almost 700 pages of the author prof. Dr. Margarita Pesheva. Тhe book is dedicated to a TV presenter and a whole era of television history in Bulgaria.

Values and representations in land registers and their legal, technical, social effects on land rights as an administrative artefact

Improvements in land administration tend to focus on initiating or completing titling efforts. Yet, finding and monitoring inequality and intransparency of land ownership and of land tenure is equally problematic. The central question is how land registration epitomizes and monitors the distribution of land rights, and if the administrative choices reinforce or hinder the insights into these aspects. The article reasons from a theoretical basis that land rights are socio-technical products of administrative procedures with inscribed concepts and visions of (desirable) farm structures. The analysis relies on an analysis of five specific cases of techno-administrative structures: land registration in combination with cadastres and trade registers; the administrative system of compensation after German unification; the management system controlling land transfers; the system of collecting agrarian statistics; the system of land market statistics. All represent sociotechnical constructs related to current authentic and public information repositories related to land, land rights and statistical data about land. All systems exhibit a very narrow thematic focus and extreme rigidity of system design and design choices. The construction and use of the systems depend on two historically persistent assumptions and narratives: land prices will always increase, and land is held by individual small farm holders. Both these visions and the systematic land information infrastructures conceal certain objects and dynamics, such as existing complex land ownership constellations and land use practices. Secondly, the data collection choices do not align with what land related policies require. Agricultural statistics are example following individual land ownership structures and ignoring private agglomerate ownership structures and dependencies. Consequently, the design of techno-administrative structures related to land lead to insufficient insights of land distribution and equality of land rights. The conclusion is therefore that the land related knowledge and information infrastructures need to be much more aligned with policy interventions and problem-oriented policy making. Currently they act as information silos and rely on outdated visions and assumptions. This requires however new models of land information organisation and governance.

Parenting self-efficacy on autism spectrum disorder context: a literature review

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a disease whose diagnostic characteristics require a significant change in daily life and family dynamics. Incorporating parents or caregivers into the treatment and ensuring their well-being becomes important for the development of the person with ASD. A construct that is associated with these issues is parental self-efficacy. Thus, the objective of the recent study is to identify studies with the topic "parental self-efficacy in the context of ASD" and the psychometric instruments used and characterise them. To this end, a bibliographic review was carried out with studies indexed in PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Sciences and CAPES Magazines that addressed the topic and used a psychometric instrument to evaluate self-efficacy. Bibliometric analysis of the data and thematic categorical content analysis were carried out. The results point to three thematic foci in the analysis of parental self-efficacy in the context of ASD with constructs related to parental cognition as the main variables. Most of the instruments used for evaluation are related to parental self-efficacy in the general context, with only two specific instruments identified for ASD. The need to carry out more studies in the area and to have specific instruments for ASD is emphasised.

DISINFORMATION AS A PSYOP COMPONENT IN MEGADISCOURSE: MANIPULATIVE ASPECT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF FULL-SCALE INVASION PERIOD OF RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR)

The article is dedicated to the research on disinformation as a component of psychological operations (PsyOps) in megadiscourse. The purpose of the research is the emphasis of features of disinformation as the PsyOps component used against Ukraine. The aim is achieved by execution of a list of tasks: the terms “disinformation”, “fake”, “fake тnews”, “unconscious disinformation” were differentiated and clarified; the main features of disinformation as of a powerful manipulation and a significant instrument of hybrid warfare were distinguished; the author’s classification of the types of disinformation of the russian-Ukrainian war by thematic focus is proposed. The object of the research is the phenomenon of disinformation as the component of PsyOps in megadiscourse during the period of full-scale war, the subject of the research is the realisation of the types of disinformation in Ukrainian information field. The following methods of the research were used: descriptive – for distinguishing the features of disinformation as a phenomenon, its types; the method of analysis and synthesis for identification of the types of disinformation, establishing its functional characteristics and combining them into a single complex; the method of induction for specification of general conclusions. Attention is focused on the fact that disinformation is a broader concept that иencompasses military deception of the country, population, army and allies of the enemy. The author’s classification of the types of disinformation by thematic focus is proposed, where military, social, cultural, coalitional types were distinguished, each of which has different influential effect on the target audience. It was emphasised that russian disinformation has got a broad system of its thematic focus, which in its turn emphasises its manipulative effects. The influential effects which are achieved by spreading disinformation in social media were also analysed, the leading of which are: adjusting the picture of the world of the enemy state’s population in one’s own interests, psychological destabilisation of the population and the army, justification of one’s own armed aggression, and shifting the most unfavourable messages from the global and regional agenda. We see the prospects of the research in further profound study of the PsyOps components in megadiscourse, as well as the ways of neutralisation of disinformation in the context of hybrid warfare, including the creation of formulaic model of detection of disinformation in megadiscourse.

LOCAL COMMUNITY FESTIVALS: URBAN AND RURAL FEATURES

The purpose of the article is to highlight the specifics of local festivals in different types of communities, distinguished by the indicator of “place of residence” capital, regional city, town and village, pointing out the common features and differences between them. For the realization of this goal, it is necessary to study such important features as: frequency of conduct, thematic focus, activities carried out during the festivals, the subjects that organize and conduct them, the participation of local authorities, institutions, NGOs, media and local people. The leading method in the study of festivals in the text is sociological and its choice is a consequence of the set goal. Object of study are local communities as a specific social construct and social group entity with characteristic social relations, functions, interactions, resources, values and identity. Local festivals are an important element of the lifestyle of local communities; depending on whether the latter are located and developed in an urban or rural environment, the peculiarities, similarities and differences between their festivals are determined. The article analyzes the results of a nationally representative empirical sociological survey conducted on the field in FebruaryMarch 2023 with 800 respondents throughout the country. It was realized within the project “Local Festivals: A Resource of Local Communities to Deal with Crises”. According to the empirical information received, festivals are more often organized and held in regional centers and cities than in Sofia and the villages. The analysis of the results shows that festivals in regional cities, towns and villages have a more diverse thematic focus and more varied activities are carried out during their conduct than in Sofia. The festivals in the regional centers in their thematic focus are closer to those organized in the towns and villages than to those in Sofia. Their main organizer in all types of local communities is the local government in the face of the municipality or the mayoralty. The chitalishte (literally “reading centers” are important cultural institutions in Bulgarian tradition and contemporary society) has a leading role in the organization of the festivals in the towns and villages, unlike the regional centers and Sofia, where their participation is unremarkable. A kind of “profiling” of the festivalization of contemporary lifestyle is formed according to the type of local communities whether they are in the capital, in the regional centers, in the towns or in the villages. Residents of smaller settlements, such as towns and villages, are more actively involved in the organization and holding of festivals than those from regional centers, and in Sofia their participation is the weakest. In these local communities, local institutions and residents manifest themselves as enterprising social actors, their festivals are really local in nature, organization and holding, they carry the spirit, values, traditions, energy, atmosphere and identity of local people.