Development Of Themes Research Articles

Drivers of retention of the HIV workforce transitioned from PEPFAR support to the Uganda government payroll

BackgroundHealth worker (HW) retention in the public health sector in Uganda is an enduring health system constraint. Although previous studies have examined the retention of in-service HWs, there is little research focusing on donor-recruited HWs. The objective of this study was to explore drivers of retention of the HIV workforce transitioned from PEPFAR support to the Uganda government payroll between 2015 and 2017.MethodsWe conducted ten focus group discussions with HWs (n = 87) transitioned from PEPFAR support to the public sector payroll in 10 purposively selected districts across Uganda. In-depth interviews were conducted with national-level stakeholders (n = 17), district health and personnel officers (n = 15) and facility in-charges (n = 22). Data were analyzed by a hybrid approach of inductive and deductive thematic development based on the analytical framework by Schaefer and Moos regarding individual-level and organizational-context drivers.ResultsAt the individual level, job security in the public sector was the most compelling driver of health worker retention. Community embeddedness of HWs in the study districts, opportunities for professional development and career growth and the ability to secure salary loans due to ‘permanent and pensionable’ terms of employment and the opportunity to work in ‘home districts’, where they could serve their ‘kinsmen’ were identified as enablers. HWs with prior private sector backgrounds perceived public facilities as offering more desirable challenging professional work. Organizational context enablers identified include perceptions that public facilities had relaxed supervision regimes and more flexible work environments. Work environment barriers to long-term retention include frequent stock-out of essential commodities, heavy workloads, low pay and scarcity of rental accommodation, particularly in rural Northern Uganda. Compared to mid-cadres (such as nurses and midwives), higher calibre cadres, such as physicians, pharmacists and laboratory technologists, expressed a higher affinity for seeking alternative employment in the private sector in the immediate future.ConclusionsOverall, job security was the most compelling driver of retention in public service for the health workforce transitioned from PEPFAR support to the Uganda government payroll. Monetary and non-monetary policy strategies are needed to enhance the retention of upper cadre HWs, particularly physicians, pharmacists and laboratory technologists in rural districts of Uganda.

“I Have Fought for so Many Things”: Disadvantaged families’ Efforts to Obtain Community-Based Services for Their Child after Genomic Sequencing

Background Families whose child has unexplained intellectual or developmental differences often hope that a genetic diagnosis will lower barriers to community-based therapeutic and support services. However, there is little known about efforts to mobilize genetic information outside the clinic or how socioeconomic disadvantage shapes and constrains outcomes. Methods We conducted an ethnographic study with predominantly socioeconomically disadvantaged families enrolled in a multi-year genomics research study, including clinic observations and in-depth interviews in English and Spanish at multiple time points. Coding and thematic development were used to collaboratively interpret fieldnotes and transcripts. Results Thirty-two families participated. Themes included familial expectations that a genetic diagnosis could be translated into information, understanding, and assistance to improve the quality of a child’s day-to-day life. After sequencing, however, genetic information was not readily converted into improved access to services beyond the clinic, with families often struggling to use a genetic diagnosis to advocate for their child. Conclusion Families’ ability to use a genetic diagnosis as an effective advocacy tool beyond the clinic was limited by the knowledge and resources available to them, and by the eligibility criteria used by therapeutic service providers’ – which focused on clinical diagnosis and functional criteria more than etiologic information. All families undertaking genomic testing, particularly those who are disadvantaged, need additional support to understand the limits and potential benefits of genetic information beyond the clinic.

Integrating Implementation Science in a Quality and Patient Safety Improvement Learning Collaborative: Essential Ingredients and Impact.

There is a current lack of research exploring the contextual factors of why and how quality improvement collaboratives (QICs) work. To this end, a mixed methods study was undertaken to improve our understanding of what works for whom and in what context among participants in a nationwide Canadian QIC. The authors used a mixed methods approach consisting of a written survey and 30-to-45-minute telephone interviews with collaborative team members, coaches, and senior leaders of participating safety improvement project (SIP) organizations to identify the essential elements of an integrated approach involving implementation science/knowledge translation, quality improvement (QI), patient safety, and collaborative learning/networked approach to enhancing safety and quality and building implementation capabilities. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Interview data were analyzed by three team members using thematic analysis and development of an emergent coding schema. Four themes emerged as the essential elements: (1) integrating implementation science into the QI/patient safety learning collaborative; (2) reinforcing of and opening eyes to implementation science by an expert implementation specialist; (3) valuing the sense making and strategies shared by coaches; and (4) experiencing challenges to implementation amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Teams also reported improvements in teamwork and patient outcomes as a result of participating in the QIC. This study's findings provide deeper insight into the "essential ingredients" (expert implementation specialist, coaches) grounded in an integrated approach that drew from QI, patient safety, and implementation science. Organizations can use the key learnings on how best to implement quality and safety projects by leveraging the sense making of the expert implementation specialist and coaches in an integrated networked learning approach.

The ‘Translated’ Cityscape: A Study of Select Satyajit Ray Films

The present paper attempts to examine the ‘translated’ nature of the cityscapes in Satyajit Ray’s films. With a select reading of films like ‘Mahanagar’ (lit. The Big City, 1963) and ‘Pratidwandi’ (The Adversary also called Siddhartha and the City, 1970), I argue for the ways in which the city becomes a space of contestation, debate, negotiation and translation between clashing ideologies of the old and the new, the rural and the urban, the ancient and the modern. Ray’s films have been studied from several perspectives, in terms of thematic, stylistic and ideological development. However, it seems to me that the city and its ‘translational’ aspect have not received enough attention. The present paper proposes to understand the role the city plays in Ray’s cinema. As an avant garde film maker, Ray’s cinema is replete with moments of conflicting ideologies, transitions and crossovers. It seems to me that the city provides the base for several such negotiations and intersections in Ray. Using certain recent developments in Translation Studies, I propose to read episodes in select Ray films as indicative of a larger ideological and cultural shift necessitated and made possible by/in the new space of the city. As a translating and translated space, the city’s agency enables other changes and transformations which would not have been possible in the absence of this primary actor – the city. The present paper is an attempt to look at several such moments of intersections and translations that Ray’s films make available to us. 1 An earlier version of this article was presented at the17th International MELOW Conference on ‘Space, Place and Language in Literatures of the World’, Dharamshala, 9-11th, March, 2018. I am grateful to the questions and discussion from the audience and conference participants which helped me rethink some ideas presented here.

‘Why is this hard, to have critical thinking?’ Exploring the factors affecting critical thinking with international higher education students

University students of all disciplines are expected to display critical thinking. Critical thinking may, however, be impeded by psychological and sociological factors such as: belief and confirmation biases, framing, social pressure to conform and poor assessment of probability and risk. These factors are rarely, if ever, thoroughly examined in isolation, outside the context of the students’ discipline. The aim of this study therefore was to ascertain whether students found that their critical thinking benefited from a better understanding of these factors. To this end, a series of workshops was designed along active learning principles which explored the human factors affecting critical thinking. These workshops were delivered to international students studying various disciplines at the University of Sheffield in the UK, and the participants were then interviewed. The resulting data was analysed using thematic analysis and code development. Participants reported as a result of these workshops an improved understanding of the critical thinking skills of questioning and analysing, using multiple perspectives and argument building; and new awareness of confirmation bias, the use of evidence and sources, framing, independent thinking and culture in relation to critical thinking. In particular, students from educational traditions that favour certainty and authority showed greater tolerance of ambiguity and willingness to judge for themselves. There was also evidence of development in critical dispositions relating to the self (such as self-awareness) and to other people (such as respect for others’ views) as well as criticality, that is, awareness of one’s role in society. This suggests that a better understanding of the factors that influence human thought processes develops students as critical thinkers and equips them to make a positive contribution to the world.

Ordering ORDO: Capturing the Freiburg School’s Post-war Development through a Text Mining Analysis of its Yearbook (1948–2014)

Abstract Current research on the long-term influence of ordoliberal and neoliberal ideas is hampered by an overly static and generalised picture of the Freiburg School. To address this gap, the paper analyses all articles published in ORDO, the flagship journal of the Freiburg School, between 1948 and 2014. This makes it possible to distinguish three phases of post-war ordoliberalism, to identify personal continuities and breaks, and to summarise thematic, methodological, and conceptual developments. Since the analysis utilises text mining methods, such as keyword identification and Topic Modeling, and validates the results of distant reading with close reading and external data, the paper also highlights some general methodological insights for using Digital Humanities in the historical sciences.

Thematic Development in Students’ Report Writing: A Study Based on Achievement Level

This study examines Thematic Development types based on the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics that are used by tertiary students. It aims to find out how the students used Thematic Development to produce effectively and efficiently their report texts. The data were all clauses taken from fifteen students’ report text divided into three levels: high, middle, and low achievement. The findings showed there are three types of Thematic Development patterns used in students’ report text, they are Theme Reiteration, Zig-zag, and Multiple-Rheme patterns. The most dominant pattern is Theme Reiteration occurred 50 times (67.5%), followed by Zig-Zag occurred 18 times (24.3%), and the Multiple-Rheme pattern occurs 6 times (8.1%). The dominance of the Theme Reiteration in their texts is to enable the readers to focus on a specific element to follow the development of the text. By the result, it indicates the students’ report writing conveyed the messages cohesively and coherently

Designing for health equity: A mixed method study exploring community experiences and perceptions of pharmacists' role in minor ailment care.

Minor ailments are self-limiting, easily diagnosable and treatable conditions. Funded pharmacist minor ailments services (PMAS) have been posited to improve medicines access equity and, despite ethnic minorities across the globe experiencing reduced access to medicines and health care, PMAS internationally have not explicitly centered ethnic equity in service design or outcome measurement. To explore Māori experiences of minor ailments care and perceptions of the pharmacists' role. This mixed methods study collected data through facilitated wānanga (collaborative knowledge-sharing group discussions). Eligible participants (Māori, 18 years plus, obtained medicine from pharmacy in last 3 years) were recruited through local pharmacist networks using convenience sampling. Wānanga included qualitative data collection through discussion using a topic guide and a quantitative questionnaire. Indigenous theory was applied within a general inductive approach to thematic development to analyze qualitative data. Quantitative data was reported using simple descriptive statistics. Thirteen wānanga (3 in-person, 10 online) were conducted from September 2021-February 2022 with 62 participants from seven New Zealand regions. The minor ailments that participants were most likely to seek treatment from pharmacy first, instead of a doctor, were eczema (87.2%), coughs and colds (85.7%), headlice (85.7%), insect bites (83.9%), and hayfever (83.9%). Four themes were generated from the qualitative data: designing the right environment for minor ailment care; clinically and culturally safe care; moving from stigmatizing to strengths-based services; the benefits of PMAS. Participant-informed ideas for PMAS service development centered on Māori aspirations included: developing clinically and culturally safe pharmacy environments, enabling medicine supply outside of the physical pharmacy setting, avoiding stigmatizing language when promoting PMAS availability, and collaborative practice with other health providers. This study provides important recommendations when developing PMAS to increase the likelihood of delivering equitable care, and has international application across multiple pharmacy and health service settings.

Eduard Hayrapetyan Piano quartet (1981 – 1998)

As a result of the study of the theme, our conclusions are as follows: In the present article we deal with the piano quartet of the composer Eduard Hayrapetyan. This musical work has its incomparable place both in the creative activity of the composer and in the Armenian chamber instrumental music. Eduard Hayrapetyan is one of the prominent representatives of the Armenian composer school. He created European classic music derived from Armenian professional musical traditions, synthesized contemporary melodic elements with folk and folk - professional elements. He also responded with great interest to the contemporary professional musical structure and in this way created his own special composer trend.In the 20th century composer creative life was flourishing. Eduard Hayrapetyan belongs to those composers whose creative activity is appreciated by the musicians and by the listeners. In 1981 he created the piano trio for violin, cello and piano. However some time later he transformed the trio into the piano quartet (violin, viola, cello and piano).The second part of the quartet was transformed in the figurative meaning. It became more meditative, but not in the meaning of Buddhist meditation, where human thinking is separated from reasonable notion. He described spiritual state of a human being as the heavenly spiritual world. At the same time he restrained human emotions and deep feelings. The piano quartet is unique by its composition. It lacks the general thematic development, i. E.it is based on the mutual transition of the variations, which is expressed very brightly.

The evolution of service failure and recovery research in hospitality and tourism: An integrative review and future research directions

Given the hospitality and tourism industry’s vulnerability to service failure, extensive research has been conducted to examine the impacts of service failures and effective recovery initiatives. This study provides an integrative review of the evolution of the service failure and recovery (SFR) literature based on 263 articles published across 28 hospitality and tourism journals from 2001 to 2021. We performed a bibliometric analysis to evaluate outlets of publication trajectories as well as to identify the most influential authors and articles in SFR research. We further constructed a typology of inter-related concepts in SFR and uncovered the thematic development of related research, delivering a longitudinal assessment of this domain. A framework-based systematic review technique was subsequently adopted to offer an innovative integration of the SFR literature. Findings were illustrated based on the theories, contexts, and methods framework and synthesized to provide an organized view of theoretical associations through the antecedents, decisions, and outcomes framework. Additionally, fruitful avenues for future research are suggested.

Investigating sustainable consumption behaviors: a bibliometric analysis

PurposeThe research carried out a bibliometric analysis of the literature on environmental sustainability from a demand perspective by analyzing the scientific contributions published in the last twenty years.Design/methodology/approachA bibliometric analysis was carried out to outline the scientific studies development, identifying the most discussed topics and those that would require future research. In total, 274 articles published between 1999 and 2021 were collected through the Web of Science database and analyzed with the SciMAT software.FindingsBy systematizing the literature results, the study revealed a steady growth in the number of publications and in the research areas, highlighting a substantial evolution of the research topic.Research limitations/implicationsThe study contribute for conceptual, methodological and thematic development of the topic, systematizing the results of existing studies and providing useful indications for the promotion of sustainable consumer habits.Originality/valueThe study attempts to bridge the gap in current literature by offering a holistic view on the role of consumer behavior in pursuing sustainability goals, identifying both the most treated areas and the emerging ones that can represent opportunities for future research.

Thematic Units and Developments. On the Persistence of ‘Organic Form’ in Chamber Music Between 1910 and 1930

ABSTRACTTheFormenlehre(theory of the musical form), inaugurated by Adolf Bernhard Marx after Beethoven's death and witnessed by several treatises at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries, has left traces in the writings and works of Béla Bartók, Alban Berg, Paul Hindemith, Arnold Schoenberg and Anton Webern. Chamber music (especially string quartets) is the area in which the dialogue with the past is most tangible. The adoption of traditional concepts is associated with significant changes of thematic structures and developmental techniques. Thus, the transformations of the harmonic thinking are paralleled by the way the composers dealt with phrase organisation and syntactic functions.

Система окказионализмов как текстообразующая доминанта романа Дугласа Коупленда «Поколение Икс (сказки для ускоренного времени)»

In the current paper, the textual functionality of the system of Douglas Coupland’s literary neologisms is analyzed from the meaning-construction and communicative-pragmatic perspectives. The artistic significance of neologisms is considered in terms of the realization in the novel of such a conceptual metatrope as the principle of “death of concepts”. The paper also focuses on describing the fundamentals of classification of Coupland’s neologisms into lexico-semantic groups and word-formation types. The features of lexical, semantic and phraseological neologisms presented in the novel “Generation X: Tales for an accelerated culture” are described. The creative potential of literary neologisms is studied from the perspective of the reader relying on conceptual blending in meaning construction. It is shown that the thematic development of Douglas Copeland’s novel is determined by the use of complex semantic units consisting of neologisms and their author’s definitions. The reader’s construction of meaning of such semantic units requires, among other things, reliance on the intra-word (word-forming) context, on the macro-context of the novel, and on inferential knowledge drawn from a wider background context. Subjectivity in the reception of neologisms is determined by the development of personal meanings in the process of reading a literary text.

Sex-Positive Clinical Supervision: A Special Commentary

This commentary focuses on clinical competencies, research frameworks, training implications that elevate the meta-competence awareness for the clinical supervisor. There is an identified need to expand sex-positive clinical supervision guidelines. The supervisory setting is created for the safety and personal-professional growth of the supervisee, where it is an opportunity to conceptualize the thematic development of our clinical evolution. In this space, we set a foundation for clinical frameworks to guide the applicability of specific intervention methods and strategies that allow for the critical formulation of a healthy therapeutic outcome. Without established and robust sex-positive frameworks in supervision, the clinical supervisor is exposed to incompetent practices that miss an adequate assessment, detection, and treatment, all critical elements of the conceptualization process. To make matters worse, the lack of training and preparation in sexual wellness and other sexual topics is transferred onto the supervisee, creating a circuit of uninformed clinicians and left to fend on their own when encountering a future client seeking treatment. Not only are we causing a disservice to our supervisees, but we are perpetually injuring the clinical community as a whole. This commentary will examine the clinical, research and training priorities in clinical mental health counseling.

A Systemic Functional Analysis on Texts Written by ESL Learners, and A Text on Daily English Canada Newspaper, and Its Implication for English Teaching and Learning Improvement

This study aims to reveal characteristics of English language produced by English as Second Language (ESL) Learners in the form of written text. By using a theme and rheme analysis. Within the Systemic Functional Analysis Framework, the writer compared the features of English language utilized by ESL learners and those by native proficient writer of an English Newspaper called English Daily Cananda for their textual meaning. The Analysis comprises analysis of different aspects of language use in a written text which include the analysis of thematic structure, thematic development, and textual cohesion. The result of the analysis shows the distinctive characteristics amongst the three texts from which teachers of English as Second language classes can draw a conclusion in order to design a lesson plan which is more suitable for the students. It is expected that this analysis can provide a way of understanding the limitation of the resources available in students’ mind, and whether or not the students successfully utilize these resources for social purpose, thus gives contribution and implication towards the future direction of the English as Second Language teaching and learning.

Bibliometric Analysis and Scientific Mapping of IoT

ABSTRACT Internet of Things (IoT) studies to facilitate human life are increasing day by day. There are more than 100.0000 academic studies related to the IoT in the Web of Science (WoS) database. Therefore, it would be useful to examine the bibliometric performance, conceptual structure and thematic development of IoT. This paper conducts a bibliometric performance analysis using VosViewer and a conceptual structure analysis using SciMat from 2013 to 2022 for IoT. In this context, bibliometric data of 9679 articles were downloaded from the WoS. Bibliometric performance analyses such as changes in the number of publications, and determination of prominent authors and journals were carried out. Finally, scientific mapping analysis was performed using the SciMat. In this way, themes related to the IoT were revealed and a wide-ranging description of the IoT was made. In addition, the relations between the themes and the evolution of these relations were also revealed.

Thematic Village Development Policy Model Based on Environmental, Social, and Economic Aspects as Part of Sustainable Development

A thematic village is a style of village development that uses the resources that already exist in the area to improve the welfare of the community. The development of thematic villages can consider economic, social, and environmental factors. This paper examines thematic village development strategies as part of environmental, social, and economic sustainability. To gather information for this mixed method study, both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used, using field observation, interviews, and documentation study methods and quantitative with SEM analysis. The research findings show that the community’s desire to maintain and showcase the potential of the area and the human resources they have nurtured over the years while improving their economic conditions was the beginning of the creation of thematic villages. Collaborative urban planning and development provides communities with greater opportunities and space to participate in shaping the future of their city in ways to make it more vibrant, humane, and sustainable. The results of the SEM analysis indicate that realizing thematic villages toward sustainable development requires collaboration of community participation with technological innovations that can reduce environmental impacts.

«Назад к Островскому»: деконструкция постановки классики в режиссерском театре 1920-х годов

Ostrovsky’s centenary in 1923 gave impetus for a major leap in the history of directing. Ostrovsky turned out to be the first author whose plays were staged almost simultaneously (within 3 years) in all styles of Russian directing. Alexander Tairov staged “The Storm” at the Moscow Kamerny Theatre, in 1924, by mythologizing Ostrovsky’s tragedy. The myth of the Russian soul outside the boundaries of time turned out to be in the center of his performance. The psychological portrayal of the 19th-century drama’s character was mastered by the mythological approach. Such components as mythological thinking, constructivism, and the concept of Ostrovsky’s secret mysticism of the Russian soul were combined for the first time. Actress Alisa Koonen delved into the archetype of the heroine. The avant-garde production of Sergey Eisenstein’s “Enough Stupidity in Every Wise Man” at the First Workers’ Theatre of Proletkult (1923) was connected with the ancient tradition of the fairground booth show. For the first time in the history of the Russian theatre, a director used the principles of open actualization of the classic play, the connections between drama and the circus, cinematic methods in the theatre, and a “montage of attractions”. “A Profitable Position” staged by Vsevolod Meyerhold (Theatre of the Revolution, 1923) was associated with Russian romanticism. The production revealed the two worlds — the spiritual reality in the opposition to the material everyday life. The metaphorical performance was built according to the principle of a thematic development similar to music. In “The Forest” at the Meyerhold Theatre (1924), the director contrasted three genres and semantic layers: a farcical level, a love line, as in Russian romanticism of the 19th century, and a layer that united the structure — acting and theatricality (the leitmotif of actors and acting). The visual dynamic of the dialogue with hyperbolic expression became the director’s principle approach. In his work on the production “An Ardent Heart” (Moscow Art Theatre, 1926), Stanislavsky created the phenomenon of the psychological grotesque. The performance was perceived by most critics as satirical and accusatory. Stanislavsky did not lose interest in the motives of human behavior, especially of a theatrical nature, and revealed a certain way of human thinking. The progress in the new discoveries in Ostrovsky’s dramaturgy in the first half of the 1920s shaped the main courses in which the Russian theatre was developing in the 20th century.

A Sample Enhancement Method Based on Simple Linear Iterative Clustering Superpixel Segmentation Applied to Multibeam Seabed Classification

Full-coverage and high-efficiency seabed sediment detection and identification are critical elements of digital marine construction that support the three-dimensional and thematic development of maritime spatial geographic information systems. With the development of multibeam echo sounder (MBES), the use of MBES backscatter intensity and bathymetry data to extract backscatter angular response (AR) features has increased. Using backscatter intensity features and seabed terrain features for classification is an effective way to achieve large-scale seabed sediment classification. However, it was still limited by small sample size problems and the poor stability of the classification model due to the complexity of performing seabed sediment sampling. In response to the above issues, this paper proposes a sample enhancement method based on simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) superpixel segmentation to address the problems. First, a superpixel-based sample homogeneity expansion method is combined with multibeam backscatter intensity images to achieve adaptive sample range selection. Then, a Random Forest (RF)-based model is constructed using MBES backscatter intensity and seabed terrain features. To assess the model’s validity, the experiment uses data from an extensive MBES survey and field sampling information from the Celtic Sea, UK. It achieves accurate predictions for the area’s eight sediment types. The experimental results show that the proposed method expands 60 groups of original sample points to 9293 groups of valid sample points, and achieves an overall classification accuracy and kappa coefficient of 84.05% and 0.81 for the seabed sediment, respectively. In addition, the classification accuracy is significantly better compared to the traditional methods.

The Virtue Ethics Anthropological Turn: Reactualization of Aristotle's Ethics in the Second Half of the 20th Century

The article examines the specifics of the virtue ethics as an anthropological turn in the moral philosophy of the 20th century based on Aristotle's ethics ideas. The article sets a goal to show the specificity of borrowing these ideas determined the virtue ethics thematic development direction in conceptualizing the moral assessment of human activity, but it also became the cause of the main conceptual difficulty (problematization of human nature), it has not been overcome. The article provides an analytical review of the main works of the most significant representatives of the virtue ethics, reconstructs the approaches developed in the works to the conceptualization of moral evaluation of human activity and establishes the role of Aristotle's ideas in the approaches. It is shown the appeal to Aristotle's philosophy primarily occurs when developing a method for determining the moral content of an action in a specific situation, where the application of a universal rule should be supplemented by many conditions of this situation, as well as when trying to return the motive and personal qualities to the description of the conditions. The latter also entails the conceptualization of personal qualities as a moral state of a person, correlated with his development (in possibility — by nature, in reality — in interaction with other people). It is concluded that the virtue ethics borrowed Aristotle's ideas in fragments and without a deep analysis of his philosophy. As a result, the problem of conceptualizing human nature was not solved, which would allow us to come to moral assessments of an act without appeal to a transcendental legislator or abstraction of duty. The achievements of ethics of virtue show: 1) it is impossible to selectively return individual concepts from the past to moral philosophy, but a comprehensive description of the phenomenon of morality in human activity is necessary, 2) the return of old concepts also brings back old problems of former moral theories (in the case of virtue, this is the problem of making a choice and forming a disposition).