Deductive Thematic Analysis Research Articles

A randomized clinical trial testing a health literacy intervention to reduce disparities in access to care among Justice-Impacted Adults (JIA)

BackgroundLow health literacy is costly and observed among justice-impacted adults (JIA), a group that often faces numerous barriers in accessing healthcare and a disproportionate burden of illness. Health literacy interventions for JIA are critically needed to improve healthcare access and related outcomes.MethodsThis manuscript describes the protocol for a longitudinal mixed-methods randomized clinical trial that assesses the effectiveness of a coach-guided health literacy intervention on JIA’s healthcare access. The intervention was previously piloted with justice impacted adults. We will recruit 300 JIA ages 18 + in San Diego, California. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to the Treatment Group (i.e., coach-guided intervention providing 12 sessions of individualized health coaching and service navigation over 6 months) or the Control Group (i.e., self-study of the health coaching program, and brief service navigation support). We will quantitatively assess JIA’s healthcare access defined as: use of healthcare, health insurance status, and regular source of care at 6-months as the primary outcomes. Participants will also be surveyed at 12-months. Statistical analyses will incorporate the intent-to-treat (ITT) principle and we will estimate mixed-effects logistic regression for the primary outcomes. We will also conduct qualitative interviews at 6 and 12-months with 40 purposively sampled participants, stratified by study arm, who reported healthcare access barriers at baseline. Interviews will explore participants’ satisfaction with the intervention, healthcare attitudes, self-efficacy for and barriers to healthcare access over time, perceived contribution of the intervention to health and well-being, and diffusion of intervention-related information within participants’ social networks. We will conduct deductive thematic analyses of qualitative data.DiscussionLow health literacy among JIA is a foundational challenge requiring tailored intervention strategies. Findings from this trial may inform policies and the structure of service delivery models to build health literacy among JIA in institutional and community settings throughout the United States and elsewhere.Trial registrationThis study is registered with the United States’ ClinicalTrials.gov registry under protocol # 161,903.

Empowering emerging adults with type 1 diabetes: crafting a financial and health insurance toolkit through community-based participatory action research

BackgroundEmerging adults aged 18–30 years face challenges during life transitions, with an added burden of navigating the health care system and additional costs associated with diabetes. This stress is compounded by overall low levels of health insurance literacy in this population, as people may not know about available financial and health care resources to minimize suboptimal diabetes outcomes. This study aimed to tailor a financial and health insurance toolkit to emerging adults with type 1 diabetes, including racially, ethnically diverse, and Medicaid-insured individuals, through community-based participatory action research.MethodsAn academic research team and community members from a national organization held six online community advisory board (CAB) content-creation meetings to understand how to tailor a financial and health insurance Toolkit. The CAB was comprised of six racially and insurance-diverse emerging adults with type 1 diabetes and four content experts (clinical, financial, and insurance). Six 60-minute online CAB meetings were held via University Hospitals (UH)-encrypted Zoom over five months. Pre-reading materials were emailed to CAB members before the meetings. A moderator established the purpose of each meeting and briefly discussed meeting rules before each meeting commenced. During the meetings, the moderator guided the discussions and provided the CAB members opportunities to respond and build on one another’s feedback. A deductive thematic qualitative analysis was utilized. Three researchers independently coded the cross-referenced and de-identified CAB meeting transcripts and then convened to reach a group consensus. Two CAB members performed member-checking.ResultsThe following key themes emerged to tailor the Toolkit: ensuring that content covers empowerment and self-advocacy, including genuine stories and multimedia visuals for aesthetics, addressing clinician bias, acknowledging racial and ethnic disparities in care, incorporating cultural representation, and demystifying Medicaid stigma.ConclusionsBy successfully partnering with the CAB and a community organization through a community-based participatory action research approach, we will develop a financial and health insurance Toolkit tailored to the needs of racially and ethnically diverse and Medicaid-insured emerging adults with type 1 diabetes.

Performing 1-1 Interventions to Address Mathematics Anxiety – An Intervention Case Study of 3 Brazilian Women Who Believed They Were Stupid in Mathematics

Mathematics Anxiety is well-researched, but solutions are few. This study shows the potential to provide an affordable solution, one that could ultimately be rolled out across the country and the world. The 1:1 interventions involve inviting the participants to tell their math story and then introducing the Mathematical Resilience Framework and reframing adverse prior experiences as unrelated to intrinsic ability. The framework includes three tools: the hand model of the brain, the growth zone model, and the relaxation response. The intervention participants were Brazilian volunteers living in England from the local and virtual communities. The levels of Mathematics Anxiety were measured before the intervention using the Betz (1978) scale, and narrative records were made. The qualitative data were analyzed using deductive thematic analysis (Braun Clarke, 2006) through the lens of the Mathematical Resilience Framework. The data indicated the positive impact of performing this kind of intervention.

Dotting the i’s and crossing the t’s: Operationalising a teaching and learning community of practice

Social theories of learning propose that communities serve as vital building blocks for knowledge sharing and construction (Bandura, 1977; Cobb, 1994). In essence, learning thrives when individuals congregate in a community where they exchange tacit knowledge and expose areas of ignorance (Wenger et al., 2002). Nevertheless, the process of cultivating a community of practice is not necessarily straightforward, as it requires meticulous planning and decision-making. This instrumental case study seeks to explicate the formation and development of a teaching and learning community of practice (T&L CoP) at a research-intensive university in Hong Kong. More specifically, it explores how the structural model of the community of practice – domain, community, and practice – are applied and manifested. Multiple sources of documents, including a project proposal, a project website, a project progress report and archival records, were analysed using deductive thematic analysis. The results reveal that the T&L CoP is constitutive of an overarching domain of teaching and learning, within which ten special interest groups are formed. The T&L CoP also bring together 150 professoriate and professional staff from across eight faculties. The community facilitates knowledge exchange through periodic professional development workshops and materials as well as sharing sessions that highlight exemplary teaching practice. The study concludes by discussing three fundamental questions regarding the operationalisation of a CoP, in terms of expansion, retention, as well as sustainability, and argues that the T&L CoP helps cultivate members’ social capital through improved networks and visibility among the teaching and learning community.

'Not a party to this crime': The reciprocal constitution of identity and morality by signatories of the Academics for Peace petition in Turkey.

In this paper, we examine how social identity, moral obligation and the relationship between the two shaped support for the 2016 Academics for Peace petition in Turkey. We examine the pre-trial statements of nine defendants charged for signing the petition and appearing in court on the same day in December 2018. We first conduct an inductive thematic analysis on one statement, and then, using the themes from this analysis, we conducted a deductive thematic analysis on the remaining eight statements. In line with the existing studies, we find considerable evidence that social identity and moral obligation are invoked as key reasons for signing in this highly repressive context. However, rather than these being separate factors, the two are reciprocally constitutive. That is, social identities define moral obligations and, at the same time, enacting moral obligations defines identity (both the position of the individual in the group and the nature of the group in the world). In discussion, we consider the broader implications of a moralized view of social identities for our understanding of both collective action and social identity processes more generally.

"I want to be healthy and move on": A qualitative study of barriers and facilitators to antiretroviral treatment adherence among young adult survivors with perinatal HIV in Thailand.

We know that HIV treatment outcome depends on antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence. Young adults with perinatal HIV (YPHIV) who survived have endured various adherence challenges in their adolescent years. While some of them could maintain perfect adherence with sustainable virologic suppression, many experienced one or more episodes of virologic failure. We explored factors affecting ART adherence from real-life experiences of YPHIV. A qualitative study was conducted between June and November 2022. Twenty YPHIV aged 21-29 years with a history of virologic failure and resumed virologic suppression during adolescent years were invited to share their experiences through individual in-depth interviews. Audio records were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using deductive thematic analysis. We divided excerpts into two themes: barriers and facilitators to ART adherence. The socio-ecological model was used to frame subthemes at personal, societal, and healthcare system levels. Most barriers to adherence were concentrated at the personal level, including work/study-related conditions, personal entertainment, medication issues, mental health problems, thought, and belief. At the societal level, social activities and fear of HIV disclosure were frequently mentioned as barriers. Medical care cost was the only identified barrier at the healthcare system level. The facilitators to adherence at the personal level included perceiving health deterioration, being afraid of hospitalization and medical procedures, and wishing to be healthy and move on. At the same time, perceived family support and determination to complete family without HIV transmission were identified as facilitators at the societal level. Service behaviors of healthcare providers were mentioned as facilitators to adherence at the healthcare system level. From this study, most factors associated with non-adherence in adolescents were at the personal level, and the fear of HIV disclosure was critical at the societal level. The key facilitator to adherence was the determination to be healthy and have a promising future. Our findings reinforce the importance of establishing youth-friendly services in the existing HIV care setting. More time allocation for tailored individual counseling, using other novel approaches like mHealth, online media, and involvement of social support from different sectors might be beneficial to maximize adherence self-efficacy during the transitional period of YPHIV.

Do red and yellow flags indicate a danger zone?: Exploring Japanese university students’ beach safety behaviour and their perceptions of Australian beach safety signage

BackgroundCoastal drowning is a tragic regular occurrence in Australia, and in the decade 2012–2022, 455 overseas-born beachgoers drowned. Being one of the top five countries of international visitors who drown, Japanese tourists are an at-risk group. This study investigates Japanese university students’ knowledge of beach safety and their perceptions of Australian beach safety signage. MethodsThe present study conducted an online survey with 152 university students in Japan, comprising both closed and open questions. Although the survey was in Japanese, the signage terms used in the survey were in English as used in Australia. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the statistical data via SPSS and deductive thematic analysis was conducted on the open responses using Nvivo. Results90 % of them planned to visit beaches and 64 % would enter the water when or if visiting Australia. However, 60 % interpreted the safer supervised zone denoted by red and yellow flags as signifying a danger zone. Regardless of their English proficiency, almost none fully understood terms commonly used on safety and warning signs such as submerged objects, shore dump, shore break and rip currents, and 60 % of them didn’t know the Japanese term of rip currents, riganryuu. Visual icons were understood much better than these English terms. So what?This study explored a specific (i.e. Japanese) cultural perception and understanding of Australian beach signs beyond the scope of CALD communities. Future studies should continue exploring those of other cultures so Australian beach signs can be revised and improved based on scientific evidence.

Care Pathway of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are prevalent diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to explore the experiences and needs of patients and physicians within the care pathway of DVT and PE. Ensuring care pathways match patients’ and physicians’ needs, could positively impact therapy adherence and patient satisfaction. Participants were 34 patients and 18 physicians. The qualitative focus groups occurred face-to-face and on an online discussion forum, utilising a predefined topic list. Focus group transcripts were analysed through deductive thematic analysis. Patients and physicians shared similar needs and experiences with information provision and shared decision making. Differences emerged regarding the adequacy of information provided, follow-up and monitoring of residual complaints, and personalised care. Generally, patients expressed higher levels of dissatisfaction compared to physicians. Our findings reveal a disparity between the perceived quality of care by physicians and patients, with patients expressing needs that diverge from physicians' assumptions. Patients need psychological support following DVT and PE, whereas physicians focus on physical recovery. Treatment intensity could be adjusted to align with patients' preferences. These findings highlight the potential for optimising care for patients and ensuring better outcomes in the management of DVT and PE.

Communication of health messages using theatre: Appreciative inquiry from Ubuntu theatre group.

Theatre involves expressing meaning in a collaborative art using words, movements, and visual elements. However, theatre remains poorly used as a viable teaching strategy or a method for communicating health messages. Instead, it is relegated to solemnly transmitting indigenous knowledge. To explore and describe communication of educational health messages through theatre using an appreciative inquiry approach. The study was conducted among the Ubuntu theatre group from a rural province in South Africa. The group is famous for using theatre to communicate educational health messages through the lens of Ubuntu philosophy. A qualitative exploratory descriptive design was followed. A non-probability purposive sampling was used to select thirteen members of the Ubuntu theatre group. Data were collected by two moderators from the two focus group discussions through conference calls. Deductive thematic content data analysis was used to describe the 4-Ds of appreciative inquiry. Theatre is a playful pedagogy that can cut through language and cultural barriers when used to communicate educational health messages. There is a need to formalise it as an alternative pedagogy within the health care sciences curriculum. Furthermore, the sustainability of theatre as an educational tool is dependent on expanding educational practices, documenting its success stories and periodical in-service training. Using Ubuntu innovation to communicate complex educational health messages through theatre can maximise learning. This study recommends that Ubuntu-infused health messages be conveyed using theatre. The study adds to the body of knowledge by presenting Ubuntu innovation in communicating health messages through theatre.

Never Felt at Home: A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Faculty From Underrepresented Groups in Family Medicine and Strategies for Empowerment.

Increasing diversity among medical educators is a vital step toward diversifying the physician workforce. This study examined how gender, race, and other attributes affect family medicine department chairs' experiences with sponsoring, mentoring, and coaching (SMC). We identified strategies at multiple levels to enhance SMC for faculty from underrepresented groups (URGs). Our qualitative study employed semistructured interviews with the chairs of departments of family medicine in the United States. We used inductive and deductive thematic analysis approaches to describe the experience and name usable strategies organized along the social-ecological model. We interviewed 20 family medicine department chairs between December 2020 and May 2021. Many participants continued to be alarmed that leaders and role models from URGs have been rare. Participants described incidents of aggression in White- and male-dominated atmospheres. Such experiences left some feeling not at home. Some White male leaders appeared oblivious to the experiences of URG faculty, many of whom were burdened with a minority tax. For some URGs, surviving meant moving to a more supportive institution. Building spaces for resiliency and connecting with others to combat discrimination gave meaning to some participants. Participant responses helped identify multilevel strategies for empowerment and support for URG faculty. Understanding the experiences of URG faculty is paramount to improving the environment in academic medicine-paving the way to enhancing diversity in the health care sector. Institutions and individuals need to develop multilevel strategies for empowerment and support to actively make diverse faculty feel at home.

A qualitative enquiry on the impact of mental illness stigma on caregiving role and experiences in Singapore.

Given that mental illness stigma is a common occurrence amongst people with mental illness and caregivers (CGs) can be a potential victim of stigma themselves, there is a need to examine caregivers' perspective on the phenomenon. This study is part of a larger study which aims to qualitatively examine the concept of mental illness stigma amongst different stakeholders in Singapore. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted amongst 21 informal caregivers to explore the experience of stigma encountered by them and their care recipients, and how it may implicate their caregiving experience. Both inductive and deductive thematic analyses were employed to analyze the data. Three overarching themes of stigma encounters that may have implication on caregiving experience were identified: 1) Stigma within the family; 2) Structural stigma; and 3) Stigma by association. Experience of stigma within family (e.g., social exclusion and lack of understanding) limits the caregiving supports available to CGs. CGs also took up a mediating role between their care recipients and other family who may hold stigmatizing views. Witnessing their care recipients being subjected to structural disadvantages (e.g., employment, school, and mandatory conscription) can induce emotional stresses amongst CGs and motivate them to protest and seek redress on their behalf. Furthermore, encounters of stigma themselves (e.g., being judged or blamed for their loved one's condition) also led to feelings of guilt and self-blame amongst the CGs. These findings can aid the formulation of interventions in informing CGs on what to expect on their caregiving journey and supporting them in dealing with issues relating to stigma and highlight the importance of anti-stigma efforts in organizational settings such as schools, corporations, and government agencies.

Evaluating fall event definitions relative to lower limb prosthesis users’ lived experiences

Purpose Evaluate specific elements of previously proposed fall and near-fall definitions to determine whether they fully capture lower limb prosthesis (LLP) users’ lived experiences. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 LLP users. Interview transcripts were reviewed, coded, and analyzed using deductive thematic analysis to identify shared experiences and inform revisions to previously reported definitions. Results Four major themes emerged: a fall can be initiated by more than just a loss of balance, loss of balance and losing balance are considered similar, falls are not limited to landing on the ground or floor, and catching yourself and recovering your balance are distinct responses to a loss of balance. Conclusions Two revisions were made to previous definitions to better align with LLP users’ experiences and historically overlooked fall circumstances. A fall is defined as a loss of balance or sudden loss of support where your body lands on the ground, floor, or another object. A near-fall was defined as a loss of balance where you caught yourself or recovered your balance without landing on the ground, floor, or another object. Implementation of these new definitions will aid the collection of accurate, consistent, and meaningful fall data, enhancing aggregation and comparison across studies.

Understanding Political Integration Among Syrian Refugees in Calgary

Newcomers to Canada are essential for the nation's cultural and economic vitality. However, research has primarily focused on immigrant integration, overlooking refugees. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the political integration of Syrian refugees in Calgary, Alberta, based on 21 semi-structured interviews. Specifically, it seeks to answer two main questions. First, what factors facilitate the attitudinal and behavioural political integration of Syrian refugees in Calgary? Second, what is the role of social capital in facilitating the attitudinal and behavioural political integration of refugees? Utilizing deductive thematic analysis, the study uncovers a need for enhanced political education. It also identifies the impact of individual variables like news consumption and political interest. A sense of belonging to Canadian society also emerged as an influential factor in political integration. Moreover, social capital, exemplified through membership in organizations, increased political participation and a sense of belonging. These findings suggest the need for new theories specifically focused on refugee political integration. Key words: political integration, syrian refugees, social capital, sense of belonging, canada

“Staying isolated indoors means that nobody sees me”: ontological (in)security and living with significant appearance concerns before, during, and “since” COVID-19

ABSTRACT Purpose Though a worldwide period of uncertainty (COVID-19) has “ended”, there exists a legacy of maladaptive experiences among people with significant appearance concerns (SAC) that requires care and attention. Methods Using Giddens’ concept of ontological security, we explored how people experienced their SAC before, during and “since” COVID-19. Qualitative surveys allowed us to capture diverse perspectives from individuals transnationally, analysed with deductive reflexive thematic analysis using ontological security as our theoretical foundation. Results Themes named “More Mirror(ed) Time” and “Locked Out, Shut Down, and Shut Out” gave a contextual grounding for the embodied experiences of this group through times of social restrictions, and the theme “Redefining Relevance” explored the continued legacy of COVID-19 – and continued global uncertainties such as economic hardship and warfare – that impact the wellbeing of people with SAC. Conclusions People with SAC are still “locked out” from essential healthcare support as those providing healthcare are overworked, under-resourced and rely on efficient interactive methods such as tele-health that may be triggers for people with SAC. Care providers may consider expanding appearance concerns verbiage, look to involve trusted others in the care-seeking process, and utilize modalities beyond digital health to support people with SAC.

Career Choice and Family Expectations of Individuals With Visual Impairments in Turkey: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: This study aimed to explore the career choice of individuals with blindness or low vision (i.e., visual impairments) and their experiences with the expectations of their families. In societies where family is important, family members can influence the career choices of individuals with visual impairments. Method: This study was carried out in 2022. The online interview method was chosen to collect data due to the difficulties in conducting face-to-face interviews during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were 18 adults with visual impairments. Their ages ranged from 22 to 36 years. Participants were asked about the role of their families in their career choices. They were also asked about their expectations from effective career counseling. The researcher used deductive thematic analysis. Results: Four themes emerged from these data: (a) work not school, (b) guaranteed jobs are good enough, (c) daughters should marry, and (d) discrepancies in expectations based on household income. Discussion: As in many low- and middle-income countries, people with visual impairments in Turkey are discouraged from continuing their education. With the exception of affluent families, participants were generally directed to guaranteed or low-skill jobs. Gender stereotypes of families were a career barrier for women with visual impairments. Implications for Practitioners: Because of the essential role played by family members of people with visual impairments in Turkey, career counselors should work with families for effective practice. It is also essential for career counselors to inform families about the education and employment rights of individuals with visual impairments.

"Something we must be proud of": An interview and document study of team improvisation in the Dutch convalescent plasma project group.

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the importance of organizational resilience, the ability to effectively respond to a disruptive event before, during, and after it occurs. Team improvisation is an important component of organizational resilience as it describes characteristics of team skills and contextual qualities to create order from chaos. In Spring 2020, the Dutch national blood bank, began the convalescent plasma project (CCP). We aimed to study which elements of team improvisation in the CCP group were found and how lessons learned can contribute towards a non-crisis situation for blood establishments. Using Vera and Crossan's framework of improvisation, semi-structured interviews with eight members of the CCP group were conducted. This was simultaneous to performing a document analysis of 21 Intranet posts and seven internal reports. MAXDA 2020 was used to conduct deductive and inductive thematic analyses. The CCP group showed strong characteristics of expertise and memory, teamwork quality, experimental culture, and real-time information and communication that enabled them to improvise in all aspects of the donation process. Improvisation examples included comprehensive communication methods to identify and obtain new donors, asking additional intake questions and collecting additional aliquots to store while waiting for an internal antibody test to be developed, and regulatory respondents allowing a flexible change control procedure to meet the pace of the crisis. Training was evident to a lesser degree. While improvisation impacted set routines and procedures, the safety and quality of the product were not affected. Regarding organizational resilience, our results showed that the CCP group "coped" well using elements of team improvisation. Blood establishments may consider introducing improvisational training and innovation teams throughout the organization for future preparedness and improving organizational resilience.

Barriers and facilitators for the implementation of co-created nursing innovations in a Dutch university hospital.

Escalating global nursing shortages require solutions for efficient care, fewer injuries and lost workdays. When commercial solutions are lacking, innovations developed through co-creation can be a viable alternative. However, many co-created nursing innovations are ineffectively implemented. Understanding the barriers and facilitators for the successful implementation of co-created nursing innovations is crucial. This study explored nurses' perceived determinants influencing the implementation of co-created nursing innovations. We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with nurses at a Dutch university hospital who were working with co-created nursing innovations. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) was employed to identify the barriers and facilitators. Data analysis followed a deductive theoretical thematic analysis approach based on the 14 TDF domains. Determinants were labeled as a barrier, facilitator, or both. Of the 14 TDF domains, 9 appeared relevant, including Intention, Professional Role and Identify, and Knowledge. The absence of a "superuser," lack of storage space, and negative experiences during use were perceived as barriers to the implementation of nursing innovations. The importance of time-saving features, user-friendliness, reminders to use the innovation, and team enthusiasm were perceived as facilitators. Participants confirmed that the Social Influences domain, combined with Behavioral Regulation and Knowledge, were barriers to implementation, while Intentions and Reinforcements and Rewards were seen as facilitators. http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A235.

Harm Reduction in the Field: First Responders' Perceptions of Opioid Overdose Interventions.

Recent policy changes in Washington State presented a unique opportunity to pair evidence-based interventions with first responder services to combat increasing opioid overdoses. However, little is known about how these interventions should be implemented. In partnership with the Research with Expert Advisors on Drug Use team, a group of academically trained and community-trained researchers with lived and living experience of substance use, we examined facilitators and barriers to adopting leave-behind naloxone, field-based buprenorphine initiation, and HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing for first responder programs. Our team completed semi-structured, qualitative interviews with 32 first responders, mobile integrated health staff, and emergency medical services (EMS) leaders in King County, Washington, from February-May 2022. Semi-structured interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded using an integrated deductive and inductive thematic analysis approach grounded in community-engaged research principles. We collected data until saturation was achieved. Data collection and analysis were informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Two investigators coded independently until 100% consensus was reached. Our thematic analysis revealed several perceived facilitators (ie, tension for change, relative advantage, and compatibility) and barriers (ie, limited adaptability, lack of evidence strength and quality, and prohibitive cost) to the adoption of these evidence-based clinical interventions for first responder systems. There was widespread support for the distribution of leave-behind naloxone, although funding was identified as a barrier. Many believed field-based initiation of buprenorphine treatment could provide a more effective response to overdose management, but there were significant concerns that this intervention could run counter to the rapid care model. Lastly, participants worried that HIV and HCV testing was inappropriate for first responders to conduct but recommended that this service be provided by mobile integrated health staff. These results have informed local EMS strategic planning, which will inform roll out of process improvements in King County, Washington. Future work should evaluate the impact of these interventions on the health of overdose survivors.

Identifying the language of global competence and global citizenship in the education policies of Punjab, Pakistan

In 2015, Pakistan committed to United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4’s provision of quality education for all. Target 4.7 of this Goal acknowledges that delivering quality education means ensuring that students develop a set of attributes characterised by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in terms of global citizenship, and by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development using the nomenclature of global competence. There is ongoing debate regarding the agendas of the United Nations and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; however, from a pragmatic perspective, both are already influencing domestic education policies. This article explores the extent to which this is the case in Punjab, Pakistan. A deductive thematic analysis of relevant education policies was undertaken to identify language reflective of the Sustainable Development Goals and the Programme of International Student Assessment Global Competence Framework. The analysis, based on meta themes identified by Vaccari and Gardinier, revealed the inclusion of language from these international agendas, as well as the reflections of local culture. Although this research was specific to Punjab, the findings may provide insights into how countries are adopting and/or contextualising these international agendas.

On the Use of Generative AI for Literature Reviews: An Exploration of Tools and Techniques

To carry out a literature review often involves hard and tedious work. There is a tradition of using facilitating tools, that extended to the AI field in 2018 when iris.ai appeared. Today, in the emerging field of Generative AI tools based on Large Language Models, there has been rapid development of new literature search tools and approaches. This study has the aim of exploring this vast array of Generative AI tools, in a literature study where some of the found tools were used to facilitate the selection of relevant publication. Three research questions guided this study: RQ1) "What Generative AI tools can be found in literature?", RQ2) "Which of these tools could be of use in the literature review conducted in this study, and how?", and RQ3) "What are the ethical aspects of using Generative AI tools in literature studies?” The approach has been a scoping review, built around a search that combined the keywords: "AI supported", "AI generated", "AI based" and "Literature review". An initial result set was filtered with inclusion exclusion criteria in a strive for an interesting quality answer to the research questions. However, most publications that passed the filtering lacked any potential to contribute to answer the research questions. The most interesting finding in the first search was a hint about the new feature 'Scopus AI'. A new search with the Scopus AI tool resulted in a small but very relevant set of publications. These publications were analysed in a deductive inductive thematic analysis, and primary sorted into the categories of: 'Generative AI Tools', 'Supportive AI Techniques', and 'Ethical Issues'. Findings indicate that there is a wide variety of tools that can facilitate the skimming process of a literature, and to provide adequate summaries of retrieved publication. However, authors recommendation is to keep the tools on the facilitating support level, and that the main analysis and conclusion should be human conducted. With this, rather traditional approach, researchers will have clearly less ethical issues to consider. Finally, the ethical aspects of Generative AI tools in research ought to be investigated more in detail, in a separate future study.