Thammasat University Research Articles

Gending Sriwijaya Dance Training For Bipa Students At Thammasat University Thailand

This Community Service activity aims to introduce Indonesian culture, especially those that have similarities to traditional Thai dances. The dance that was introduced and taught in this activity was the Gending Sriwijaya dance which originates from Palembang. Dance material is given in the BIPA class at the Faculty of Liberal Arts, University of Thailand. The training method is carried out in two ways, the first is online with additional video tutorials, for 5x meetings, then it is carried out offline for 2x face-to-face. Methods the training method uses modifications developed by Louis Genci (1966), Otto and Glaser (1970), namely 1) analyzing the initial abilities of the trainees, 2) formulating objectives, 3) determining methods and media that suit the characteristics of the trainees, 4) demonstrating and practicing skills, 5) evaluating training results. This method is very relevant to use as a long-distance dance training strategy involving foreign students. The success of this activity can be seen from the results of the questionnaire, where 90% of students were happy and wanted to learn other Indonesian dances. At the end of the training, there was a performance featuring 8 Thai students who focused on learning the Sriwijawa Gending Dance.

Efficacy of Auricular Point Acupressure with Magnetic Plates on Postpartum Anxiety and Depression in Low Risk Parturient at Thammasat University Hospital: A Randomized Clinical Controlled Trial

Objective: To study the effectiveness of auricular acupressure (AC) with and without magnetic plates in reducing anxiety and depression levels among parturients. Materials and Methods: The present study was a randomized controlled trial conducted at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathum Thani, Thailand, between March 2022 and February 2023. All participants were term nulliparous pregnant women delivered who during the study period. Participants were randomly allocated into three groups with control for non-AC, study for AC with magnetic plates, and placebo for AC with non-magnetic plates. Three specific auricular points, namely Shenmen (HT7), Heart (CO15), and Subcortex (AT4) were selected. Thai Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Thai HADS) was evaluated at 2, 14, 28, and 42 days postpartum. Results: Two hundred twenty-five cases were recruited and divided evenly into control, study, and placebo groups. The mean age of participants was 28.5 years old. Body mass index (BMI), education level, and demographic characteristics among the three groups were comparable. Prevalence of anxiety and depression was 4.4% (10/225) and 7.5% (17/225). Participants in placebo and study groups had statistically significant relief of anxiety levels within six weeks when compared to the control group. All subjects had lower depression scores within four weeks of delivery. AC with and without magnetic plates reduced postpartum depression compared to the control group. Satisfaction of AC was reported at 84% (126/150). Conclusion: AC with or without magnetic plates at HT7, CO15, and AT4 significantly reduced anxiety and decreased depression with less confidence in postpartum subjects. Keywords: Auricular acupressure; Anxiety; Depression; Postpartum; Magnetic plates

Application of a simplified PCR-SSP method to detect A4GALT*01 and A4GALT*02 typing among Thai blood donors.

An intronic A4GALT single nucleotide variant, rs5751348:G>T, P2 or A4GALT*02 allele has a lower level of the enzyme-encoding A4GALT transcripts than the P1 individuals. Here, we first develop and validate a simple inhouse PCR-SSP method to detect A4GALT*01 and A4GALT*02 alleles, and second, apply this method to compare the allele frequencies between Thai and other populations. The conventional test tube technique was used to detect the P1 antigen in 222 blood samples from Thai blood donors at Thammasat University Hospital. A PCR-SSP method was optimized and validated for reproducibility and specificity to identify these alleles and was subsequently tested on 1,840 DNA samples of unknown phenotypes obtained from central, northern and southern Thais. In addition, allele frequencies of central Thais were compared with those of other populations. In the tested cohort (n=222), P1 and P2 phenotypes were typed in 26.13 and 73.87% of donors, respectively. The developed PCR-SSP was successfully optimized, and the outcomes were consistent with those of serological phenotyping and DNA sequencing results, demonstrating its validity for predicting P1/P2 phenotype. For central, northern and southern Thais, the A4GALT*01 frequency was 0.1579 (430/2,724), 0.1183 (71/600), and 0.2575 (206/800), whereas the A4GALT*02 frequency was 0.8421 (2,294/2,724), 0.8817 (529/600), and 0.7425 (594/800), respectively. Their observed frequencies among central Thais significantly differed from those in other populations (p<0.05). Our study has successfully developed a simple, precise, and reliable method to genotype A4GALT*01 and A4GALT*02 using inhouse developed PCR-SSP for predicting P1/P2 status.

Season of Birth in Patients with Schizophrenia in Thailand.

An excess of schizophrenia births in the winter or spring is a well-known finding in Western studies; however, few studies from equatorial regions have been done. Our purpose is to investigate the seasonality of schizophrenia births in Thailand. This was a retrospective study in which patients with schizophrenia were identified from computerized records at Thammasat University Hospital. The Edwards test was used to detect any birth seasonality patterns among the patients with schizophrenia. Subsequently, the data were compared against the general population birth month data to examine potential seasonal effects using the Walter-Elwood seasonality test. There are 949 patients with schizophrenia, with a mean age of 39.3 years. The results demonstrate no evidence of distinctive seasonality in birth patterns among patients with schizophrenia (P = .329). The overall monthly distribution of births did not differ between the general population and patients with schizophrenia (P = .365). In Thailand, a tropical country, there does not appear to be an effect of season of birth and the later development of schizophrenia.

Risk Factors and Predictive Model for Mortality of Hospitalized COVID-19 Elderly Patients from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Thailand.

Background: Early detection of elderly patients with COVID-19 who are at high risk of mortality is vital for appropriate clinical decisions. We aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with all-cause in-hospital mortality among elderly patients with COVID-19. Methods: In this retrospective study, the medical records of elderly patients aged over 60 who were hospitalized with COVID-19 at Thammasat University Hospital from 1 July to 30 September 2021 were reviewed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of mortality. The sum of weighted integers was used as a total risk score for each patient. Results: In total, 138 medical records of patients were reviewed. Four identified variables based on the odds ratio (age, respiratory rate, glomerular filtration rate and history of stroke) were assigned a weighted integer and were developed to predict mortality risk in hospitalized elderly patients. The AUROC of the scoring system were 0.9415 (95% confidence interval, 0.9033-0.9716). The optimized scoring system was developed and a risk score over 213 was considered a cut-off point for high mortality risk. Conclusions: A simple predictive risk score provides an initial assessment of mortality risk at the time of admission with a high degree of accuracy among hospitalized elderly patients with COVID-19.

Comparison and Efficacy of Auricular Point Acupressure with Auricular Patches on Lactation in Nulliparous Postpartum Cesarean Delivery Parturients at Thammasat University Hospital: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: To compare the lactation enhancing effect of auricular acupressure with or without a magnetic plate on post-cesarean nulliparous parturients. Materials and Methods: The present study was a randomized controlled trial conducted in the obstetrics ward of Thammasat University Hospital, Pathum Thani, Thailand between February and July 2022. Participants were term nulliparous pregnant women aged between 20 and 40 years old who underwent cesarean delivery. They were allocated into three groups, namely magnetic (M), non-magnetic (NM), and control groups. The standard care plan for post-cesarean cases was applied to all patients. Participants in both M and NM groups were assigned to receive auricular acupressure using auricular patches with and without magnetic plates, respectively. The ear pinna has five specific auricular points, namely chest (AH10), endocrine (CO18), stomach or Wei (CO4), spleen or Pi (CO13), and sympathetic points (AH6a). The treatment began immediately after counseling and continued for seven days. The onset of the first lactation, lactation visual assessment (LVA) level was collected using the survey form. Exclusive breastfeeding was encouraged at a rate of every three hours to meet newborn demands. The onset of lactation was assessed within three hours after auricular acupressure and every time before breastfeeding. Results: Seventy-five pregnant women were recruited and allocated with 25 cases per group. Mean maternal age was 30 years. The demographic characteristics of the three groups were comparable. There were more participants in the M group had onset of lactation within 24 hours, than in the control group significantly, at 20 versus 13, respectively (p=0.039). Onset of LVA level 1, 2, and 4 in the three groups were comparable. The onset of LVA level 3 in the M group was significantly faster than the control group (p=0.023). Satisfactory lactation and auricular acupressure among M and NM groups were comparable. Conclusion: Auricular acupressure with magnetic plates significantly enhanced lactation onset and lactation visual volume (level 3) in postcesarean nulliparous parturients. It merits consideration to be included in routine practice. Keywords: Cesarean delivery; Postpartum lactation; Auricular acupressure

Incidence of neurological manifestations and complications in patients with COVID-19 infection: a propensity score matching analysis.

The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, can lead to potential neurological complications in COVID-19 patients. This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of these complications among Thai individuals. We conducted a retrospective study on hospitalized adults with COVID-19 at Thammasat University Hospital from April 2020 to September 2021, totaling 990 patients. We used propensity score matching and logistic regression to determine associated risk factors. Of the patients, 21.7% (215 individuals) manifested neurological complications, categorized as follows: Skeletal muscle injury: 16.3% Acute cerebrovascular disease: 0.8% Delirium: 2.4% Impaired consciousness: 2.6% Seizures: 0.5% Post-matching revealed risk factors significantly associated with neurological complications: overweight status, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and severe infection. However, in a multivariable analysis, only severe infection remained significant (adjusted OR 3.71; p = 0.010). The presence of neurological complications was linked with an elevated mortality risk (OR 1.77, p = 0.005). In the Thai COVID-19 patient cohort, roughly 22% experienced neurological complications, with severe infection standing out as a major risk factor. This underscores the importance of closely monitoring neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients.

SAT289 Prevalence And Treatment Outcomes of Critical Illness-related Corticosteroid Insufficiency (CIRCI) In Septic Shock Patients In Medical Wards And Emergency Room In Thammasat University Hospital

Abstract Disclosure: K. Sanpawithayakul: None. K. Meepornbucha: None. P. Pirompanich: None. P. Vibhatavata: None. Background: The reported prevalence of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) varies widely, depending on the patient population studied and the diagnostic criteria used. Although hydrocortisone (HC) is widely used in patients with septic shock who respond poorly to adequate fluid resuscitation and vasopressors, clinical outcomes remain controversial. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of CIRCI and to evaluate characteristics of septic shock patients treated with HC due to suspicion of CIRCI as compared to septic shock patients without CIRCI. Material and Method: Retrospective analysis of septic shock patients admitted in medical wards in Thammasat University Hospital, from January 2020 to June 2021, was performed. Prevalence of CIRCI in septic shock patients was explored by using different serum cortisol cutoff at 10 μg/dL (C-10) and 18 μg/dL (C-18), respectively. 28-day mortality, duration of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilator usage, need for vasopressor support, and complications of HC use were also analyzed. Results: Of the 252 septic shock patients, 68 patients were met our inclusion criteria. Eight (11.8%) and 20 (29.4%) patients was diagnosed with CIRCI by serum cortisol cutoff 10 and 18 µg/dL, respectively. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics (i.e., age, sex and preexisting diseases) between groups. Of the septic shock patients without CIRCI diagnosed by C-18 cutoff, initial SOFA and APACHE II, serum creatinine and lactate were significantly higher. Moreover, 28-day mortality rate was statistically higher in patients without CIRCI by C-18 cutoff (70.8% vs 40.0%, p=0.03). Multivariate analysis recognized the the amount of vasopressor use as significant predictor of 28-day mortality, with OR 19.04 (95%CI 1.23-293.80, p=0.04) and 19.34 (95% CI 1.27-293.50, p=0.03) in C-10 and C-18, respectively. However, in-patient mortality was not statistically different between groups regardless of the cortisol cutoff. Conclusion: Using a 18-C cutoff, there was a higher mortality rate in patients without CIRCI. Keyword: Septic shock, CIRCI, critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Preface

The 5th Symposium of International Waste Working Group – Asian Regional Branch (IWWG-ARB) is a forum to provide an academic discussion to encourage and support economic and ecological (sustainable and integrated) waste management worldwide and to promote scientific advancement in the field. This symposium was held at Mercure Hotel, Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia, starting from 6th to 8th March 2023. More challenges emerge in a current more volatile, uncertain, complex, ubiquity environment, so it needs innovation and new approach. Innovation and a new approach to overcoming challenges should also be informed for decision-makers, aimed at influencing legislation, education, or providing practical applications. This purpose will be accomplished by learning from the past and analyzing the present, so that it will develop new ideas, scenarios, and visions for the future.With those objectives, the IWWG was conceived as a think tank based on scientific principles but essentially application-oriented. In addition, the IWWG has a light, non-bureaucratic organization which allows us to focus on a variety of subjects, react efficiently to relevant problems in the field of solid waste management, and communicate effectively within the professional community. We would like to thank the keynote and invited speakers for their contributions to this symposium. The following is:Prof. Pinjing He (Tongji University, China)Prof. Jae Young Kim (Seoul National University, Republic of Korea)Prof. Agamutu Pariatamby (Sunway University)Prof. Evangelos Gidarakos (IWWG President)Dr. Costas Velis (University of Leeds, UK)Prof. William Clarke (University of Queensland, Australia)Prof. Sandyha Babel (SIIT Thammasat University)Dr. Benno Rahardyan (Bandung Institute of Technology)The entire organizing committee that made this event successful was:List of Organizer, Outline of Committee are available in this Pdf.

A Review of Nursing Research: Case Study of a Thai University

Reviews of nursing research contribute to identifying the research direction of the institution and benefiting the development of knowledge in caring for people and the advancement of the nursing profession. This article aimed to review nursing research according to research vision, research design, nursing roles, and nursing fields, as well as the outcomes, at the Faculty of Nursing, Thammasat University, Thailand. The keyword search included four visionary research domains: palliative care, geriatric care, family health and health promotion, and education and innovation. Research studies were conducted by graduate-level students, faculty members, and researchers within the faculty during the period of 2005 to 2022. The data retrieval process involved accessing electronic records through the Nursing Faculty's research unit's computers, supplemented by searches for author names with publications in databases such as PubMed Central (PMC), Science Direct, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, Mosby's Nursing Consult, and Thai Journal Online through the one-search feature in Google Scholar within the Scopus database. The search results yielded a total of 354 research studies, categorized according to the faculty's research vision, as follows: family health and health promotion (72%), education and innovation (15%), geriatric care (9%), and palliative care (4%). When classified by research design, it was found that quasiexperimental research constituted the majority (50.8%), followed by descriptive correlational research (30.0%), research implementation (7.3%), mixed-methods research (5.4%), qualitative research (5.1%), and randomized controlled trials (1.4%). When considering nursing roles, the most prevalent were health promotion and prevention (44.4%), followed by care provision (32.8%), integrative role (18.6%), rehabilitation (2.8%), and therapeutic role (1.4%). By nursing fields, the predominant focus was on adult nursing (35%), followed by psychiatric and mental health nursing (27%), community health nursing, education, and innovation (19%), maternal and child nursing (7%), pediatric and adolescent nursing (7%), and geriatric nursing (5%), respectively. Upon evaluating the outcomes, it was noted that the research articles were published in the Scopus database journals at a rate of 29.38%, and were cited within international journals in the Scopus database at a rate of 15.82%. The findings of this research review serve as a guide for aligning nursing research development with the research vision and achieving positive outcomes.

Optimizing the Yield of Abnormal Preoperative Chest Radiographs in Elective Non-cardiothoracic Surgery: Development of a Risk Prediction Score and External Validation.

Guideline recommendations for preoperative chest radiographs vary to the extent that individual patient benefit is unclear. We developed and validated a prediction score for abnormal preoperative chest radiographs in adult patients undergoing elective non-cardiothoracic surgery. Our prospective observational study recruited 703 adult patients who underwent elective non-cardiothoracic surgery at Ramathibodi Hospital. We developed a risk prediction score for abnormal preoperative chest radiographs with external validation using data from 411 patients recruited from Thammasat University Hospital. The discriminative performance was assessed by receiver operating curve analysis. In addition, we assessed the contribution of abnormal chest radiographs to perioperative management. Abnormal preoperative chest radiographs were found in 19.5% of the 703 patients. Age, pulmonary disease, cardiac disease, and diabetes were significant factors. The model showed good performance with a C-statistics of 0.739 (95% CI, 0.691-0.786). We classified patients into four groups based on risk scores. The posttest probabilities in the intermediate-, intermediate-high-, and high-risk groups were 33.2%, 59.8%, and 75.7%, respectively. The model fitted well with the external validation data with a C statistic of 0.731 (95% CI, 0.674-0.789). One (0.4%) abnormal chest radiograph from the low-risk group and three (2.4%) abnormal chest radiographs from the intermediate-to-high-risk group had a major impact on perioperative management. Four predictors including age, pulmonary disease, cardiac disease, and diabetes were associated with abnormal preoperative chest radiographs. Our risk score demonstrated good performance and may help identify patients at higher risk of chest abnormalities.

Experience of online physiology laboratory teaching for undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand.

Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted traditional face-to-face human physiology teaching for students at Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat university, Pathumthani, Thailand since February 2020. Online curriculum for both lectures and laboratory sessions were developed to continue the education. This work compared the effectiveness of online physiology labs to the traditional onsite counterparts for 120 dental and pharmacy sophomore students during 2020 academic year. The method used was a Microsoft Team synchronous online laboratory experience consisted of eight topics. Faculty lab facilitators created protocol, video script, online assignments and instruction note. Group lab instructions prepared and delivered the content for recording and led student discussion. Data recording and live discussion were synchronized and executed. The response rate for the control (2019) and study groups (2020) were 36.89 and 60.83%, respectively. The control group reported higher satisfaction, compared to the online study group. The online group rated the laboratory online experience with equal satisfaction to that would be of an onsite lab experience. Onsite control group reported 55.26% satisfaction with equipment instrument while only 32.88% online group voiced their approval on this measure. It was understandable because the excitement in physiology work relied heavily on experiences the work (p<0.05). With the same difficulty index of both academic year examination papers, the non-significant different of academic performance of the control and study (59.50±13.50 and 62.40±11.43, respectively showed the effectiveness of our online synchronous physiology lab teaching. The conclusion was physiology learning experience could be appreciated online when a good design was achieved.

Justification of Universal Iron Supplementation for Infants 6-12 months in Regions with a High Prevalence of Thalassemia.

Many clinicians hesitate to adopt a universal infant iron supplementation program due to the risk of increased iron absorption for those with thalassemia. We aimed to determine thalassemia prevalence in 6- to 12-month-old infants, along with the iron status of those with and without thalassemia. We performed a cross-sectional descriptive study of infants attending the Well Baby Clinic at Thammasat University Hospital for routine checkups. Complete blood count, hemoglobin electrophoresis, iron parameters, and molecular genetics for common α- and β-thalassemia were evaluated. Overall, 97 of 206 (47%) participants had thalassemia minor, the majority having Hb E traits. None had thalassemia intermedia or major. Familial history of anemia or thalassemia presented an increased risk of detecting thalassemia minor in offspring (OR 5.18; 95% CI 2.60-10.33, p=0.001). There were no statistical differences in transferrin saturation, serum ferritin and hepcidin between iron-replete infants with thalassemia minor and those without. However, one-third of infants with thalassemia minor (31/97) also had iron deficiency anemia (IDA), with a similar risk of having iron deficiency to infants without thalassemia. There was no hepcidin suppression in our infants with thalassemia minor as compared to controls. Both thalassemia and IDA are endemic to Southeast Asia. Infants with thalassemia minor, particularly with Hb E and α-thalassemia traits, are at risk of IDA. Our short-term universal iron supplementation program for 6- to 12-month-old infants does not appear to increase the risk of those with thalassemia minor developing iron overload in the future.

Enhancing recovery in older patients undergoing abdominal surgery: Examining the effect of a preoperative preparation program using a quasi-experimental design.

Older adult patients often experience delayed postoperative recovery due to a lack of self-efficacy in engaging in physical activities during early rehabilitation. Concurrently, family caregivers play a crucial role in caring for older adults. However, the extent of family involvement in improving self-efficacy and facilitating recovery following major abdominal surgeries in older adults remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to examine the effect of a preoperative preparation program on the recovery of older patients undergoing major abdominal surgeries. A quasi-experimental study with a two-group, pretest-posttest design was conducted. The participants included 60 older adult patients undergoing abdominal surgeries at Thammasat University Hospital, Thailand, between September 2019 and March 2020. Participants were selected by purposive sampling with the inclusion criteria and were assigned to the experimental (n = 30) or the control (n = 30) groups using matched pair according to the type of operation. The control group received standard care, while the intervention group underwent a two-week preoperative preparation program developed based on self-efficacy theory and family support. Data were collected using validated tools. Recovery was assessed at one week and two weeks after surgery. Descriptive statistics, as well as dependent and independent t-tests, were used for data analysis. The results revealed that the intervention group had significantly higher mean recovery scores than the control group at one week (M = 56.93, SD = 16.42; M = 44.60, SD = 16.30, t = -2.92, df = 58, p <0.01) and two weeks after surgery (M = 66.64, SD = 8.63; M = 61.68, SD = 7.86, t = -2.33, df = 58, p <0.05) when comparing between the two groups. The preoperative preparation program effectively enhanced recovery one week and two weeks after surgery. The study findings can be valuable for nurses in implementing the preoperative preparation program to facilitate recovery among older adult patients undergoing abdominal surgeries.

Habitual Snoring in Pediatric Thalassemia Disease; Prevalence, Quality of Life and Risk Factors

Objective: To compare the prevalence of HS and quality of life in non-transfusion dependent thalassemia (NTDT) and Transfusion dependent thalassemia (TDT) patients and to identify risk factors associated with HS in pediatric thalassemia. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of pediatric thalassemic patients aged from 6 months - 18 years between January 2020 and October 2020, at Thammasat University Hospital, Thailand. Results: There were 141 thalassemia patients (35 TDT and 106 NTDT), aged 7 months-18 years, 73 (51.8%) were male. Sixty-eight patients (48.2%) reported snoring; 28 patients (19.9%) had HS; the remaining 40 patients (28.4%) had simple snoring. The prevalence of HS was not significantly different between TDT and NTDT group (6 (17.1%) VS 22 (20.8%); P= 0.527). Quality of life assessed by OSA-18 score was not significant difference between TDT and NTDT groups (51.3 ± 18.8 VS 45.7 ± 11.4; P=0.141). The associating risk factors for the development of HS after multivariate logistic analysis were nasal congestion, and male gender, with an adjusted OR of 5.3 and 3.0, respectively. Conclusion: Prevalence of HS was increased in children with thalassemia. Factors such as nasal congestion and male gender were strongly associated with HS in this population. The quality of life assessment using the OSA-18 questionnaire indicated that thalassemia children generally exhibited a good quality of life. Additionally, our study observed relatively low serum ferritin levels in comparison to previous studies. The standard care provided for TDT patients, includes regular blood transfusion and effective iron chelation, may contribute to slowing down the degree of nasopharyngeal narrowing in thalassemia patients.

Case Series: Wide-Awake Local Anaesthesia Without Tourniquet (WALANT) for Camitz Transfer.

Background: Wide-Awake Local Anaesthesia Without Tourniquet (WALANT), with the benefit of simplicity and a low complication rate, is a well-recognised procedure in orthopaedic surgery. To date, there is no report using WALANT technique with the Camitz transfer procedure. The aim of this study is to determine the early outcomes of using WALANT for Camitz transfer and compare these with outcomes of similar procedures in literature. Methods: Between January 2012 and January 2018, all patients with severe carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) with thenar muscle atrophy who underwent the Camitz transfer procedure as day surgery under the WALANT technique at the Thammasat University Hospital were included. With the WALANT technique, the 10 mL of prepared anaesthesia was injected into the area around the palmaris longus tendon from 5-cm proximal to the distal wrist crease to the distal palmar crease, while an additional 10 mL was injected from the radial side of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb to the distal wrist crease before the operation. Upon completion of the operation, the patients' hand was placed in a thumb spica splint. Patient demographic data, visual analogue scale (VAS) during injection and during procedure, operative time, blood lost and complications were recorded. Results: Thirty-six patients (8 males and 28 females) were included. The average age of the patients was 65.9 (37-87) years old. The average VAS score during the anaesthetic injection was 6.22 (5-8). The average VAS pain score during the operation was 0.52 (0-3). The average operative time was 27.06 (17-47) minutes. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 3 (2.4-6.8) mL. All patients underwent the procedure without any complications. Conclusions: The WALANT technique is safe and can be used as alternative anaesthesia for the Camitz transfer. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic).

Captivating Spectators: Exploring the Influence of Marketing Mix Elements on Sports Event Engagement

This research study explores the influence of Marketing Mix components on spectator interest and engagement in sports events, with a focus on the traditional rugby football rivalry between Chulalongkorn University and Thammasat University, known as “Rugby Football,” in Thailand. Drawing on the 7Ps marketing mix theory, the study utilizes a composite-based approach to identify key factors within each element that contribute to spectator interest and subsequent engagement. The findings reveal that “Product,” “People,” and “Physical Evidence” significantly influence spectator interest in tracking sports competition results and promoting their involvement. Practical implications emphasize the importance of service quality, staff adequacy, appropriate event timing, engaging halftime shows, and stadium decoration, to enhance spectator interest. Theoretical implications highlight the role of the Marketing Mix elements as stimuli to attract individuals without prior interest in sports. Overall, this research provides valuable insights for sports competition managers to develop targeted strategies that foster increased interest and engagement among spectators, enriching the sports event experience and industry growth.

New Thai Cinema and the Poetics of Resistance

Throughout its history, Thai cinema has been entangled with institutions of state power. Through invasive systems of censorship and discursive regulation, the state not only regulates public expressions but also sculpts particular forms of national identity, silencing other forms of remembrance and identification. Against these pressures, independent filmmakers in Thailand creatively negotiate the boundaries of state censorship through silences, narrative discontinuities and elliptical plot structures to simultaneously evade state censorship and renegotiate national systems of memorialisation under military rule. This paper investigates how the Thammasat University Massacre is remediated through Anocha Suwichakornpong’s 2016 film Dao khanong (By the Time It Gets Dark), and finds that the film intentionally evades direct representation of the massacre to instead disarticulate national memory cultures and reimagine unconsolidated futures disentangled from institutions of authoritarian power.

Indonesia's Role in Preventing Transnational Cyber Pornography of Children in the Southeast Asian Region Viewed From a Political Law Approach

Indonesia, which is a member of the Southeast Asian region called the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), must have a duty and role to prevent Cyber Pornography of children in the Southeast Asian region. In this research, a normative juridical research method is used with a political law study approach. Indonesia's role in preventing Transnational Cyber Pornography of Children in the Southeast Asian Region Viewed from the Political Approach of Law is by ratifying the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography into Law Number 10 of 2012, then Indonesia also became a country that followed The Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women and against Children, which was approved in 2013 which aims to encourage regional cooperation in supporting national level actions in ending violence against children, especially the crime of Cyber Pornography in ASEAN. Indonesia also followed the follow-up of The Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women and against Children in 2013, namely the ASEAN National Action Plan on the Elimination of Violence against Children 2016-2025, held a 2012 Conference through ECPAT Indonesia's Agency on child protection attended by ASEAN countries. Indonesia was also represented by the Indonesian Child Protection Commission and ECPAT attended the German Southeast Asian Center of Excellence for Public Policy and Good Governance (CPG) Conference located at the Faculty of Law, Thammasat University in Thailand, the purpose of this conference was to address the problem of child pornography and the conclusion of this conference required cross-country and cross-regional cooperation in combating child pornography. Suggestions that can be given are revamping the rules (making special international treaties) and the need for cross- border child pornography crimes to be designated as serious and extraditable crimes.

The Prediction Score of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Infection

Background: The incidence and risk factors for acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients vary across studies, and predicting models for AKI are limited. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for AKI in severe COVID-19 infection and develop a predictive model for AKI. Method: Data were collected from patients admitted to the ICU at Thammasat University Hospital in Thailand with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 between 1 January 2021, and 30 June 2022. Results: Among the 215 severe-COVID-19-infected patients, 102 (47.4%) experienced AKI. Of these, 45 (44.1%), 29 (28.4%), and 28 (27.4%) patients were classified as AKI stage 1, 2, and 3, respectively. AKI was associated with 30-day mortality. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that prior diuretic use (odds ratio [OR] 7.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.98–31.3; p = 0.003), use of a mechanical ventilator (MV) (OR 5.34, 95%CI 1.76–16.18; p = 0.003), and an APACHE II score ≥ 12 (OR 1.14, 95%CI 1.05–1.24; p = 0.002) were independent risk factors for AKI. A predictive model for AKI demonstrated good performance (AUROC 0.814, 95%CI 0.757–0.870). Conclusions: Our study identified risk factors for AKI in severe COVID-19 infection, including prior diuretic use, an APACHE II score ≥ 12, and the use of a MV. The predictive tool exhibited good performance for predicting AKI.