Thalline Margin Research Articles

Three new lichen species from Nicaragua, with keys to the known species of Eugeniella and Malmidea

AbstractEugeniella palleola, Graphis paraschiffneri, and Malmidea cineracea are described from Nicaragua. Eugeniella palleola is characterized by having pale apothecial discs and prominent, white margins, and producing a complex chemistry including atranorin, stictic and norstictic acids, and an unknown substance. Graphis paraschiffneri has lirellae with a lateral thalline margin, striate labia, a completely carbonized excipulum, transversely septate ascospores, and contains norstictic acid in the thallus. Malmidea cineracea is characterized by a granulose-isidiate thallus with a yellowish medulla and a compact, crystal-encrusted excipulum. Malmidea nigromarginata and M. piperina are proposed as new combinations. Keys are presented to all known species of Eugeniella (9) and Malmidea (50).

New species of the genusRimulariaNyl. from Tasmania

AbstractFive new species ofRimularia, all endemic to Tasmania, are described, discussed and illustrated: Four species are saxicolous:R. albotessellataKantvilas (containing pannarin):R. aspicilioidesKantvilas (containing 2′-O–methylperlatolic acid and with apothecia with a thalline margin);R. circumgriseaKantvilas (containing norstictic acid, and with ascospores 8·5–14·0×5·0–6·5 µm); andR. coppinsianaKantvilas (containing bourgeanic acid and with ascospores 10–19×7–12 µm). The corticolousR. asteriphilaKantvilas lacks lichen substances, contains Sedifolia-grey pigment and has ascospores 10–15×7–10 µm. The widespreadR. psephota(Tuck.) Hertel & Rambold, with which several of the new taxa are compared, is also described, based on Tasmanian collections. Several chemical compounds, including bourgeanic acid, pannarin and 2′–O–methylperlatolic acid, are recorded for the genus for the first time. A key to the 12 species currently recorded for Tasmania is presented.

A New Species of Graphis and New Lichen Records from Vietnam, Including a Second Worldwide Report of Sarcographina cyclospora

Graphis upretii is a new lichen species discovered in Vietnam. The species is characterized by a loosely corticate, rough, whitish grey to greyish green thallus, elongate and irregularly branched lirellae with an apically thin complete thalline margin (negrosina morph), laterally carbonized, entire proper exciple, clear hymenium, hyaline, 16~20 transversely locular ascospores, and about 50~95 × 10~15 μm in size. In addition, members of the taxon produce norstictic and stictic acids. Currently, the lichen flora of Vietnam include Arthonia radiata, Brigantiaea tricolor, Coenogonium implexum, Dirina paradoxa, Herpothallon sipmanii, Pertusaria pertusa, and Sarcographina cyclospora.

Isalonactis, a new genus ofRoccellaceae(Arthoniales), from southern Madagascar

AbstractThe new genus and speciesIsalonactis madagascariensisis characterized by a crustose, non-corticate, often sorediate thallus containing psoromic acid, tiny white pruinose ascomata with a thalline margin, an inconspicuous excipulum, a pale brown hypothecium, 3-septate hyaline ascospores and curved filiform conidia. Phylogenetic analyses using nuLSU andRPB2sequences placeIsalonactisin theRoccellaceae, close to the generaLecanactisandChiodecton. The new species was collected on sheltered siliceous rocks in the dry landscape of the Isalo Massif (S Madagascar).Dermatiscum thunbergiiis newly recorded from Madagascar.

Three new species ofGraphis(Ascomycota:Ostropales:Graphidaceae) from Mexico, with updates to taxonomic key entries for 41 species described between 2009 and 2013

AbstractThree species ofGraphis(Graphidaceae) are described from Mexico from two research stations of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM): Chamela Biological Station in the Cuixmala-Chamela Biosphere Reserve, Jalisco, and Los Tuxtlas Tropical Biological Station in the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, Veracruz. The new speciesGraphis bungartziiBarcenas-Peña, Lücking, Herrera-Campos & R. Miranda is characterized by erumpent lirellae with a lateral thalline margin, striate labia and laterally carbonized exciple, transversely septate ascospores, and norstictic and connorstictic acids.Graphis chamelensisBarcenas-Peña & Lücking has prominent lirellae with a basal to lateral thalline margin, entire labia and completely carbonized exciple, transversely septate ascospores, and norstictic acid. Finally,Graphis rosae-emiliaeBarcenas-Peña & Lücking is characterized by erumpent lirellae with lateral thalline margin, striate labia and completely carbonized exciple, transversely septate ascospores, and no substances detected by TLC. We present updates to the world key toGraphisfor 41 newly described or reinstated species since the world key was published in 2009. The following new combination is proposed:Pallidogramme parvicarpum(B. O. Sharma & Khadilkar) Lücking comb. nov., based onGraphis parvicarpaB. O. Sharma & Khadilkar.

A new hairy species of Leptogium (Collemataceae) from China

This paper describes Leptogium weii sp. nov., a new hairy species from Sichuan, southwestern China. Leptogium weii has dense white tomentum on apothecial stalks and thalline margins. It closely resembles L. burnetiae in external morphology but differs in having globose isidia on the upper surface and dense tomentum on the apothecial stalk and thalline margin. A key is given to hairy species with tomentose apothecia.

Six new species of Graphidaceae from Sri Lanka

Abstract Six new species of Graphidaceae are described from Sri Lanka, four in Graphis sensu Staiger and one each in Fissurina and Thelotrema. Fissurina srilankensis Weerakoon, Wijeyaratne & Lucking is characterized by lirellae with well-developed labia and comparatively large, muriform ascospores. Graphis allugallenensis Weerakoon, Wijeyaratne & Lucking is similar to G. vittata but has a distinctly verrucose thalline margin along the lirellae. Graphis dotalugalensis Weerakoon, Wijeyaratne & Rivas Plata resembles G. proserpens in the exposed lirellae with striate labia and apically carbonized excipulum but differs in the comparatively large ascospores. Graphis knucklensis Weerakoon, Wijeyaratne & Wolseley features lirellae with striate labia, an inspersed hymenium, and norstictic acid as secondary compound. Graphis srilankensis Weerakoon, Wijeyaratne & Lumbsch has entire labia with a completely carbonized excipulum, inspersed hymenium, transversely septate ascospores, and produces norstictic acid. Finally...

Recognition of Four Morphologically Distinct Species in theGraphis scriptaComplex in Europe

Neuwirth, G. & Aptroot, A. 2011. Recognition of four morphologically distinct species in the Graphis scripta complex in Europe. - Herzogia 24: 207-230. Four morphologically distinct species can be distinguished in the Graphis scripta complex in Europe, namely Graphis betulina, G. macrocarpa, G. pulverulenta and G. scripta. Graphis betulina is characterized by its raised thalline margin, G. macrocarpa has open, brownish discs, G. pulverulenta has open, white-pruinose discs, and G. scripta has apothecia that remain closed. The species are recognizable in the field, but there are also microscopical differences. All species are sympatric and occasionally co-occur on the same tree.

Graphis paradussii (Graphidaceae, Ostropales), a new lichen species to science

A new species in the lichen genera Graphis Adans., G. paradussii Z.F. Jia is described from Hainan Province, southern China. It is characterized by prominent to sessile lirellae with thalline margin, laterally carbonized exciple, 8 transversely septate ascospores per ascus and presence of norstictic and salazinc acid.

A first assessment of the Ticolichen biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica: the genus Haematomma (Lecanorales: Lecanoraceae)

The genus Haematomma is treated as part of the Ticolichen biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica. Together with literature reports, fourteen taxa are recognized as occurring in the country (plus three species to be expected), and three of them are new to science: Haematomma nicoyense Nelsen, Lücking & Chaves, with a sorediate thallus, russulone and atranorin, and zeorine apothecia with a split between proper excipulum and thalline margin, Haematomma staigeriae Nelsen, Lücking & Umaña, with a sorediate thallus, russulone and lichexanthone, and submuriform ascospores, and Haematomma fluorescens var. longisporum Nelsen, Lücking & Navarro, with russulone and lichexanthone and ascospores up to 120 μ m in length with up to 27 septa. A key is presented for the 17 taxa known or expected from Costa Rica.

Dirina calcicola, a New Lichen Species from Florida, U.S.A

Abstract A new species in the lichen genus Dirina (Ascomycota: Arthoniales: Roccellaceae) is described. It is similar to Dirina neozelandica and related species in the genus with immersed ascomata lacking a thalline margin. Dirina calcicola is only known from two specimens collected in 1898 by Roland Thaxter in Monroe Co., Florida, U. S. A.

Characterization and expression ofXPH1, the hydrophobin gene of the lichen‐forming ascomyceteXanthoria parietina

• Molecular genetics of wall surface hydrophobicity of the lichen-forming ascomycete Xanthoria parietina was explored. In a previous study XPH11, a class 1 hydrophobin, was isolated from the symbiotic phenotype collected in nature. • A genomic library of aposymbiotically cultured Xanthoria parietina was constructed and screened for the hydrophobin gene XPH1. Gene expression was explored with in situ hybridization techniques. • The encoded protein contained 110 amino acids, including a secretion signal; the open reading frame was interrupted by two introns. XPH1 was differentially expressed in the symbiotic phenotype, high expression being evident in medullary hyphae of the vegetative thallus and of the thalline margin of apothecia; these are in contact with the algal layer and prevent the thalline interior from becoming waterlogged, a prerequisite for gas exchange of the photobiont. No signal was detected in either the hydrophilic cortex, the conidiomata, the hymenial and subhymenial layers of apothecia, or in the aposymbiotically cultured mycobiont. The data for Northern blot analyses correlated with those of in situ hybridization studies. • XPH1 may fulfil important roles for the functioning of the symbiotic relationship.

Lecania sipmanii, a new epiphytic lichen species from Syria

Abstract Boom, P. P. G. van den & Zedda, L.: Lecania sipmanii, a new epiphytic lichen species from Syria. — Willdenowia 30: 155–160. 2000. — ISSN 0511-9618. Lecania sipmanii (Lecanorales, Bacidiaceae), an epiphytic lichen from Syria is described as a species new to science and illustrated. The new species belongs to the L. polycycla group and is mainly characterized by a small, areolate thallus, spores strongly constricted at the septum, paraplectenchymatic excipulum cells and hairs in the thalline margin of the apothecia. It was collected on dust-impregned bark of Salix and Populas species.

Experimental studies of growth and regenerative capacity in the foliose lichen Xanthoria parietina

summaryA series of outdoor culturing experiments on artificial ceramic substrata was set up to test the regenerative capacity of thallus fragments of the foliose lichen Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. which had been dissected along an axis from the growing marginal pseudomeristem to the apothecia‐covered central areas. This dorsiventrally organized macrolichen (photobiont: Trebouxia arboricola De Puymaly) is capable of regenerating new lobes along wound margins or cut edges in any part of the thallus, including the thalline margin of apothecial disks. In semithin sections of central thalline areas of non‐disturbed thalli, where fungal and algal cells have reached their mature dimensions and where a high percentage of oversized Trebouxia cells imply an arrested cell cycle, small islets of actively growing and dividing fungal and algal cells were found within the algal layer. These are likely to be the sites where primordial stages of new lobes initiate after wounding. In nature, apothecia‐covered central thalline areas of X. parietina usually lose their contact with the substratum and break off along drought‐stress induced cracks. When landing on a suitable substratum, detached thallus fragments were found to regenerate new lobes in the same manner as artificially dissected samples, thus serving as propagules of the symbiotic state of this ecologically very successful lichen species.

Caloplaca marina and C. rosei, Two Difficult Species in North America

Caloplaca marina and C. rosei, Two Difficult Species in North America

Chemical Divergence of Eastern North American and European Populations of Arctoparmelia centrifuga and Their Sympatric Usnic Acid-Deficient Chemotypes

Chemical Divergence of Eastern North American and European Populations of Arctoparmelia centrifuga and Their Sympatric Usnic Acid-Deficient Chemotypes

Additions to the Lichen-Flora of Southern California. No. 2.

In this, as in a former paper (THE BRYOLOGIST, Nov. 1909), a terminology for the apothecial structures is adopted that has been proposed by Dr. O. V. Darbishire, now of Armstrong College, Newcastle-on-Tyne, England. (See Berichte d. Deutsch. Botan. Gesellschaft, 1898, XVI, Plate i, and also Engler & Prantl, 1907, p. 41, Allgem. Theil by M. Fuenfstueck.) These terms vary but little from those in use, combining the differing terms of various authors used for the same structures, also possessing the merit of simplicity and of being clearly designative. They are: Efjithecium, the layer covering the disk. Thecium, the structure consisting of the paraphyses and the spore-sacs. Hyfothecium, the layer on which the thecium rests. Parathecium, the vertical, latteral continuation of the hypothecium, and forming a cup holding the epithecium and thecium. Proper margin, is the rim of the cup, encircling the epithecium. Thalline margin, that part, when present, of the thallus encircling the parathecium. Amphithecium, the immediate continuation outward of the thalline margin, containing the gonidia and clothed by the cortex. The deeper structure continuing under the hypothecium is the Mfedulla. PARMELIA MULTISPORUM Schneider, Guide, 1898, p. 154.=Parmelia olivacea var. multisfjorum Merrill, BRYOLOGIST, July, 1909. The range of this lichen can now be extended south to the San Bernardino mountains, California. To the excellent description given by Mr. G. K. Merrill, I beg to add:-epithecium continuous, brown gradually paling downward; thecium colorless, 6oj0 to 64yt high, staining blue with iodine except the epithecium, which retains its natural color; paraphyses coherent; hypothecium colorless; asci inflated clavate; spores 16 to 24 in asci, ovoid, 8yj to 9,1 long, 59 to 8yj thick, or globular and 5, to 8/t thick, the differing forms about equal in number. Not more than twenty-four spores were seen in specimens examined. Aside from the smaller size of the thallus, it is externally quite similar to Parmelia olivacea (L.) Nyl. the marked feature of the spore character, however, seems to entitle it to the species rank of its author. The writer has seen it from the Santa Cruz mountains (A. C. Herre), San Bernardino mountains (S. B. Parish), and has collected it in the