Levels Of TGs Research Articles

Effect of apheresis plasma donation on plasma uric acid levels, the lipid profile, and major plasma proteins in plasma donors in China: A multicenter, prospective cohort study

Abnormal plasma uric acid (UA) levels, the lipid profile, and plasma proteins in blood are associated with a range of adverse health outcomes. This multicenter, prospective cohort study aimed to determine the possible effects of multiple apheresis plasma donations on plasma UA levels, the lipid profile, and major proteins in plasma donors. Participants were enrolled from 1 April 2021 to 31 August 2022. When their plasma UA (men: >420 µmol/L, women: >360 µmol/L) and/or lipid levels (total cholesterol [TC]: ≥6.2 mmol/L, triglycerides [TGs]: ≥2.3 mmol/L, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: ≥4.1 mmol/L, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]: <1.0 mmol/L) were abnormal at their first plasma donation, the enrolled participants were followed up until they had completed 10 plasma donations. A total of 11485 participants were enrolled, of whom 1861 met the inclusion criteria. During the study period, 320 donors completed 10 plasma donations. None of the participants took any corrective medicine for their abnormal index. The measured parameters were significantly different from the first to the tenth plasma donations (donors with asymptomatic hyperuricemia: UA, P < 0.001; donors with asymptomatic hyperlipidemia: HDL-C, P < 0.001; TC, P = 0.025; TGs, P < 0.001; apolipoprotein B, P = 0.025; all of the plasma donors, immunoglobulin G, P < 0.001). The levels of HDL-C, TC, and apolipoprotein B were increased, and the levels of UA, TGs, and immunoglobulin G were decreased over this time. However, immunoglobulin G levels were still in the normal range. Moreover, the changes in these parameters were closely associated with the frequency of plasma donation during the study period. Repeated apheresis plasma donations can reduce plasma UA and TG levels and increase HDL-C levels; and further evaluation of the clinical significance with a larger sample size is required.

Resveratrol Mitigates Bisphenol A-Induced Metabolic Disruptions: Insights from Experimental Studies.

The aim of this study was to investigate the disruptions of metabolic pathways induced by bisphenol A (BPA) and explore the potential therapeutic intervention provided by resveratrol (RSV) in mitigating these disruptions through the modulation of biochemical pathways. Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: group 1 served as the control, group 2 received 70 mg/Kg of BPA, and group 3 received 70 mg/kg of BPA along with 100 mg/Kg of RSV. After the treatment period, various biomarkers and gene expressions were measured to assess the effects of BPA and the potential protective effects of RSV. The results revealed that BPA exposure significantly increased the serum levels of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, G6PC, insulin, HbA1c, HMG-CoA reductase, FFAs, TGs, DPP-4, MDA, and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. Concurrently, BPA exposure led to a reduction in the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as GLUT4 and HDL cholesterol. However, the administration of RSV along with BPA significantly ameliorated these alterations in the biomarker levels induced through BPA exposure. RSV treatment effectively reduced the elevated levels of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, G6PC, insulin, HbA1c, HMG-CoA reductase, FFAs, TGs, DPP-4, MDA, and proinflammatory cytokines, while increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes, GLUT4, and HDL cholesterol. Furthermore, BPA exposure suppressed the mRNA expression of glucokinase (GCK), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and up-regulated the mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), which are all critical biomarkers involved in glucose metabolism and insulin regulation. In contrast, RSV treatment effectively restored the altered mRNA expressions of these biomarkers, indicating its potential to modulate transcriptional pathways and restore normal metabolic function. In conclusion, the findings of this study strongly suggest that RSV holds promise as a therapeutic intervention for BPA-induced metabolic disorders. By mitigating the disruptions in various metabolic pathways and modulating gene expressions related to glucose metabolism and insulin regulation, RSV shows potential in restoring normal metabolic function and counteracting the adverse effects induced by BPA exposure. However, further research is necessary to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and optimize the dosage and duration of RSV treatment for maximum therapeutic benefits.

Increased Plasma Levels of Triglyceride-Enriched Lipoproteins Associate with Systemic Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharides, and Gut Dysbiosis in Common Variable Immunodeficiency

PurposeTriglycerides (TG) and their major transport lipoprotein in the circulation (VLDL) appear to be related to inflammation. Patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have inflammatory complications associated with gut microbial dysbiosis. We hypothesized that CVID patients have disturbed TG/VLDL profiles associated with these clinical characteristics.MethodsWe measured plasma concentrations of TGs, inflammatory markers, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 95 CVID patients and 28 healthy controls. Additionally, in 40 CVID patients, we explored plasma lipoprotein profiling, fatty acid, gut microbial dysbiosis, and diet.ResultsTG levels were increased in CVID patients as compared to healthy controls (1.36 ± 0.53 mmol/l versus 1.08 ± 0.56 [mean, SD], respectively, P = 0.008), particularly in the clinical subgroup “Complications,” characterized by autoimmunity and organ-specific inflammation, compared to “Infection only” (1.41 mmol/l, 0.71[median, IQR] versus [1.02 mmol/l, 0.50], P = 0.021). Lipoprotein profile analyses showed increased levels of all sizes of VLDL particles in CVID patients compared to controls. TG levels correlated positively with CRP (rho = 0.256, P = 0.015), IL-6 (rho = 0.237, P = 0.021), IL-12 (rho = 0.265, P = 0.009), LPS (r = 0.654, P = 6.59 × 10−13), CVID-specific gut dysbiosis index (r = 0.315, P = 0.048), and inversely with a favorable fatty acid profile (docosahexaenoic acid [rho = − 0.369, P = 0.021] and linoleic acid [rho = − 0.375, P = 0.019]). TGs and VLDL lipids did not appear to be associated with diet and there were no differences in body mass index (BMI) between CVID patients and controls.ConclusionWe found increased plasma levels of TGs and all sizes of VLDL particles, which were associated with systemic inflammation, LPS, and gut dysbiosis in CVID, but not diet or BMI.

Concomitant Sub-Chronic Administration of Small-Size Gold Nanoparticles Aggravates Doxorubicin-Induced Liver Oxidative and Inflammatory Damage, Hyperlipidemia, and Hepatic Steatosis.

This study examined the effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced liver damage and steatosis in rats and tested its effect mechanism. Wistar male rats were divided into four groups (each of eight rats) as control, AuNPs (50 µL of 10 nm), DOX (15 mg/kg; 3 mg/kg/week), and DOX + AuNPs-treated rats. DOX is known to induce fasting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in treated rats. Individual treatment of both DOX and AuNPs also promoted liver damage, increased circulatory levels of ALT and AST, and stimulated serum and liver levels of TGs, CHOL, LDL-c, and FFAs. They also stimulated MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6, reduced GSH, SOD, HO-1, and CAT, upregulated mRNA levels of Bax and caspases-3 and -8 and downregulated mRNA levels of Bcl2 in the livers of rats. However, while DOX alone reduced hepatic levels of PPARα, both AuNPs and DOX stimulated mRNA levels of SREBP1, reduced the mRNA, cytoplasmic and nuclear levels of Nrf2, and increased mRNA, cytoplasmic, and nuclear levels of NF-κB. The liver damage and the alterations in all these parameters were significantly more profound when both AuNPs and DOX were administered together. In conclusion, AuNPs exaggerate liver damage, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic steatosis in DOX-treated rats by activating SREBP1 and NF-κB and suppressing the Nrf2/antioxidant axis.

Lipid parameters in the blood of coronary artery diseases patients depending on age and dietary components: a case study

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the major cause of mortality worldwide and is defined as an elevated level of atherogenic cholesterol and low levels of HDL cholesterol. However, very few studies have been conducted in India on the association of blood lipid profile with age and diet. The study aims to estimate lipid parameters in the blood of CAD patients aged 40-70 years on different diets. Lipid parameters were analyzed by enzymatic method on EM-200 fully automated Biochemistry analyzer. The data obtained showed that the majority of patients who suffered from CAD were between the age group of 51-60 years. Patients with CAD had altered lipid profiles, with higher levels of serum TGs, total cholesterol and low levels of HDL. Vegetarians have been found to have reduced lipid risk factors for coronary heart disease compared to patients on a mixed diet. Keywords: age, cholesterol, coronary artery disease, dietary components, HDL, triglycerides

Monocyte subsets display age-dependent alterations at fasting and undergo non-age-dependent changes following consumption of a meal

BackgroundMonocytes are a heterogenous population of immune cells whose subsets and functions become substantially dysregulated with advanced age. Although much of our current understanding of the age-related changes in monocytes is derived from fasting blood samples, most people are predominately in the postprandial state during waking hours. As hormonal, metabolic, and immunological changes in response to the consumption of a meal are manifested in postprandial blood, it’s unclear how age-dependent changes in peripheral monocytes at fasting are impacted by a dietary challenge.ObjectiveWe investigated the impact of age and meal consumption on circulating monocyte frequencies and subsets defined as classical (CD14 + CD16-), intermediate (CD14 + CD16 +), or non-classical (CD14dim CD16 +) in a cohort of 349 healthy adult volunteers grouped into categories based on their age: young adults (18–33 y, n = 123), middle adults (34–49 y, n = 115), and older adults (50–66 y, n = 111).ResultsFollowing 12-h fast total monocyte counts inversely correlated with subject age. Older adults had significantly fewer circulating monocytes along with elevated levels of TGs, cholesterol, glucose, IL-6, IL-8, TNF, neopterin, and CCL2 compared with young adults. Circulating monocyte pools in older adults consisted of smaller proportions of classical but larger proportions of intermediate and non-classical monocytes. Proportions of classical monocytes were inversely correlated with plasma TNF, IL-8, and neopterin while intermediate monocytes were positively correlated with plasma IL-6, TNF, and neopterin. Three hours after consuming a fat-containing meal postprandial monocyte counts increased in all age groups. Despite age-dependent differences in monocyte subsets at fasting, consumption of a meal induced similar changes in the proportions of classical and non-classical monocytes across age groups. Within the circulating postprandial monocyte pool, percentages of classical monocytes decreased while non-classical monocytes increased. However no change in precursory intermediate monocytes were detected. Our study confirms that ageing is associated with changes in monocyte frequencies and subsets and shows that consuming a fat-containing meal induces temporal changes in monocyte frequency and subsets independently of subject age.Clinical trialRegistered on ClincialTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02367287)

Lomitapide effectively reduces triglyceride (TG) levels in familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS)

Background and Aims : FCS is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of impaired lipoprotein lipase (LPL) function, elevated TG levels, abdominal pain and pancreatitis. Current treatment (extremely low-fat diet <10% fat/day to reduce TG levels ≤750mgldL) is ineffective. Lomitapide is a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitor that reduces circulating levels of TGs.

Correlation between Smoking and Dyslipidemia in Elderly Males: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Aim: To investigate the association between smoking and dyslipidemia in elderly males while accounting for age, BMI, and alcohol use. Study design: Analytical cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Bhitai Dental and Medical College Mirpurkhas from march 2021 to march 2022 Methodology: The research comprised 2,160 participants who were divided into 3 different groups: current smokers, non-smokers, &amp; past smokers. The research excluded those who smoked just sometimes (one cigarette per day). This study separated smokers into four categories: light (26.7 pack-years), medium (426.7-90.5 pack-years), heavy (440.5-75.5 pack-years), and extremely heavy (455.5-165.5 pack-years).On the same day, a survey, physical examination, and laboratory study of blood samples were used to evaluate the study population. The person was assessed while wearing light clothes and no shoes, and anthropometric measures comprised height and body weight. Weight was divided by height squared (kg/m2) to get the BMI. Using established protocols in the clinical laboratory, an automated biochemistry analyzer measured the blood levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipid cholesterol, low- density lipid cholesterol, Apo protein B, and Lipoprotein. Result: When compared to present smokers, the levels of triglycerides and high-density lipid cholesterol among non-smokers and former smokers were statistically significantly different (P=0.001). Other variables, such as Age, body mass index, use of liquor, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, did not significantly differ between non-, past, and present smokers. In comparison to light smokers, moderate, heavy, and very heavy smokers more commonly displayed abnormal levels of TGs, Apo-B, and TC, while very heavy smokers less frequently displayed abnormal levels of low-density lipid cholesterol. It was unexpected to find that among very heavy smokers, aberrant Apo-B levels were seen more frequently than low-density lipid cholesterol levels. The prevalence of abnormal HDL-C and lipoprotein (a) was higher among light smokers. After accounting for alcohol, BMI, and age, smoking remained a significant independent threat fact for dyslipidemia (P = 0.032). Conclusion:The study revealed that smoking caused TGs and apoB levels to rise in elderly males, and HDL-C levels to decrease, making it an independent risk factor for dyslipidemia. Keywords: smoking, dyslipidemia, elderly, males

Evaluation of the Abnormalities of Lipid Profile in Patients with Cholelithiasis

Objective: Cholelithiasis is a chronic recurrent illness that affects the hepatobiliary system. Gall stone formation is caused by the impaired metabolism of cholesterol, bile acids and bilirubin. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare the serum lipid parameters of gallstone patients with the control group.&#x0D; Methodology: This was a Case control study conducted in surgical department of Sindh Government Hospital Korangi 5 by using convenient sampling technique. The duration of the study was about 06 months. A total of 54 patients aged above 15 years of both the genders wherein 28 patients diagnosed with Gallstone disease were considered as case group and 29 patients with no history of gallstones as controls were included in the study. Demographic characteristics such as age, gender and Continuous variables such as lipid parameters (HDL-C, VDL-C, VLDL-C, TGs, TC) were documented as frequencies and percentages. Student’s t-test was used to compare the data between the cases and the control groups.&#x0D; Results: The study results showed that out of 54 patients, 44(81.5%) were female and 10(18.5%) were male. Lipid profile of the cases and controls revealed that serum VDL-C was significantly higher (p=0.014) in control group 17(31.5%) as compared to cases 8(14.8%). most of the patients of case group 26(48.1%) had serum HDL-C levels between 35-45 mg/dl as compared to the controls 8(14.8%) with a statistically significant difference between them (p=0.001). Moreover, higher serum TGs levels &gt; 200 mg/dl observed in 1(1.9%) patients in case group and 7 (13.0%) in controls with statistically significant difference between them (p=0.006)&#x0D; Conclusion: This study concluded that the significant association observed between gallstones and abnormal lipid levels among controls and cases. Therefore, it was depicted that the risk of cholelithiasis increased with discrepancies in lipid profiles.

Tangshenping granule inhibits pyroptosis in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy via the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway

To explore the inhibitory effect of Tangshenping (TSP) on pyroptosis in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) rat model. DN was established in Sprague–Dawley rats. Rats were randomly divided into DN (model group), irbesartan, and TSP low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, besides the control group. The 24 h albuminuria content, and serum content of TC, TGs, Scr, IL-1β, UREA, LDLs, and IL-18 were assessed. Hematoxylin & eosin and Mallory staining were performed to examine pathological changes in the kidney. The mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, caspase 1, and GSDMD in the kidney were also examined. The 24 h albuminuria content was obviously lower in the treatment groups compared to the model group (all P < .01). Levels of TC, TGs, Scr, UREA, LDLs, and IL-18 after drug interventions were obviously lower compared to the model group (all P < .05). The serum content of IL-1β in the TSP medium- and high-dose groups were much lower compared to the model group ( P = .013 and P = .001, respectively). Through immunohistochemistry and western blotting, we observed that the protein expressions of NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18 were lower after drug interventions compared to the model group (all P < .05). Using qPCR, we observed that the mRNA expressions of caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and GSDMD after drug interventions were significantly lower compared to the model group (all P < .05). The mRNA expressions of NLRP3 in the TSP medium- and high-dose groups were both lower compared to the model group (all P < .05). TSP downregulated mRNA and protein expressions of NLRP3, caspase-1, and GSDMD. Our findings demonstrate that the beneficial effects of TSP on renal function are at least partly mediated by the inhibition of micro-inflammation and modulation of the expression of pyroptosis-related factors.

Effect of Clinical, Biochemical, and Genetic Variations on Medical Management in Filarial Chyluria: A Prospective Study at a Tertiary Care Centre in North India.

ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of clinical, biochemical factors, and Mannose Binding Lectin 2 (MBL2) gene variations on medical management in filarial chyluria (FC) patients.Material and methodsWe conducted a study between March 2013 and April 2016. MBL2polymorphisms were genotyped in confirmed 101 medically-treated cases of FC. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical variables were compared between remission and failure groups. Genotyping of MBL2 codon 54 and promoter -221 were undertaken by polymerase chain reaction. Genotype frequencies were compared with clinical and biochemical variables and medical treatment outcomes (remission/failure). The association between genotypes and treatment response was estimated by OR and 95% CI and generated by the chi-square test.ResultsThe mean age was 36.9±10.28-years and the male-female ratio was 3:1.2. Sixty-six patients had remission (Group-A) while 35 had recurrence (Group-B) at a mean follow-up of 21 months. The success rate for medical therapy was 65.35%. There was no statistical difference observed in the demographic profile of the two groups. On multivariate analysis, patients in Group-B had a higher grade of chyluria (p=0.005), had experienced greater number of disease attacks in the past (p=0.022), and had higher urinary triglyceride levels (TG) (p<0.001) as compared to Group-A patients. A significant association of MBL2 codon 54 genotypes was observed with the recurrent presentation of chyluria (p=0.044), grade of chyluria (p=0.028), and urinary TGs (p=0.001). However, genotype distribution at -221 did not show association with clinical and biochemical parameters of FC patients. The distribution of genotypes at codon 54 differed significantly between remission and failure/recurrence group; the variant genotype BB was significantly higher in the recurrence or failure group (OR:6.00; 95%CI, 1.00-35.91; p=0.050). However, frequencies of variant genotype YX and recessive group YX+XX of MBL2 -221 promoter was higher in remission group (OR:2.97;95%CI, 1.23-7.13; p=0.018 and OR:2.76; 95%CI, 1.80-6.50; p=0.020), respectively, showing that genetic variant may be associated with response to medical therapy.ConclusionHigher grade of chyluria, a higher number of disease attacks in the past, and higher urinary TGs levels were clinical predictors of poor response to medical treatment. Our results showed that the variants of MBL2 genes have an impact on treatment outcomes in FC patients. These observations may be limited by sample size.

New insights on association between circadian rhythm and lipid metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats

AimsThe aim of this study is to provide new insights on the association of lipid metabolites, circadian genes and lipid metabolism associated genes in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Materials and methodsAn untargeted lipidomics using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics was used to identify the differentially expressed lipid metabolites over 24 h in Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with reference to Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). The expression of circadian clock genes (Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2, Cry1, Cry2) and lipid metabolism related genes (Rev-erbα, Pparα and Sirt1) was analysed RT-qPCR. Key findingsTen lipid metabolites with significant differences in their levels in SHR compared to WKY were identified. The levels of MG (25:0), PA (36:3) and PE (38:2) were lower and the levels of LysoPCs (20:0 and 20:3) and TGs (54:5, 59:12, 28:0, 60:10 and 60:13) were found to be higher in SHR. SHR showed obvious disorders in the expression of circadian genes and lipid metabolism associated genes. A strong association between the levels of lipid metabolites and circadian genes and lipid metabolism associated genes was found. SignificanceRhythm genes may further affect the 24-hour lipid metabolism level of spontaneously hypertensive rats by mediating lipid metabolism associated genes. This research provides new insights on the association of lipid metabolites, circadian genes and lipid metabolism associated genes in SHR.

Association Between Serum Lipid Levels and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Introduction. Dyslipidemia is a common metabolic abnormality in Type 2 diabetic Mellitus (T2DM) patients with kidney dysfunction. Therefore, the current study was conducted to assess the association between serum lipid levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in T2DM patients. Methods. This cross-sectional study was performed on 802 participants, aged 40 years or more who had referred to the Abu Reyhan Clinic of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan province, Iran. Biochemical variables including FBS, triglycerides, total cholestrol, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels were measured using the enzymatic method. The association between serum lipid profile and eGFR was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient test and linear regression model. Results. Mean ± SD age of the subjects (72.3% females) was 53.55 ± 5.56 years old. Mean ± SD of eGFR-EPI and eGFR-MDRD was 86.30 ± 17.48 and 86.80 ± 23.29, respectively for all the subjects. In the current study, a negative association was observed between eGFR-EPI and FBS (r = -0.123, β = -0.172) and TGs (r = -0.080, β = -0.096) (P < .01). Also, there was an inverse association between the eGFR-MDRD and FBS (r = -0.123, β = -0.172) and TGs levels (r = -0.074, β = -0.086) (P < .05). However, the concentration of other lipid profiles was not associated with the eGFR level (estimated by EPI and MDRD methods). Conclusion. Our findings suggested that the patients with reduced eGFR level are more likely to have greater TG serum level. Therefore, high TG levels can be considered as a potential biomarker for predicting renal complications in the patients with T2DM.

Cardiac dysfunction after preeclampsia; an overview of pro- and anti-fibrotic circulating effector molecules.

Preeclampsia (PE) is strongly associated with heart failure (HF) later in life. The aberrant cardiac remodelling is likely initiated or amplified during preeclamptic pregnancy. Aberrant remodelling often persists after delivery and is known to relate strongly to cardiac fibrosis. This review provides an overview of pro- and anti- fibrotic circulating effector molecules that are involved in cardiac fibrosis and their association with PE. Women with PE complicated pregnancies show increased ANG-II sensitivity and elevated levels of the pro-fibrotic factors IL-6, TNF-α, TGs and FFAs compared to uncomplicated pregnancies. In the postpartum period, PE pregnancies compared to uncomplicated pregnancies have increased ANG-II sensitivity, elevated levels of the pro-fibrotic factors IL-6, TNF-α, LDL cholesterol and leptin, as well as decreased levels of the anti-fibrotic factor adiponectin. The review revealed several profibrotic molecules that associate to cardiac fibrosis during and after PE. The role that these fibrotic factors have on the heart during and after PE may improve the understanding of the link between PE and HF. Furthermore they may provide insight into the pathways in which the relation between both diseases can be understood as potential mechanisms which interfere in the process of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Unravelling the molecular mechanism and pathways involved might bring the diagnostic and therapeutic abilities of those factors a step closer.

APOC3 rs2070667 Associates with Serum Triglyceride Profile and Hepatic Inflammation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) play important role in lipid metabolism, and dyslipidemia underlies nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). But the correlation of serum lipidomics, APOC3 SNPs, and NAFLD remains limited understood. Enrolling thirty-four biopsy-proven NAFLD patients from Tianjin, Shanghai, Fujian, we investigated their APOC3 genotype and serum lipid profile by DNA sequencing and ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), respectively. Scoring of hepatocyte steatosis, ballooning, lobular inflammation, and liver fibrosis was then performed to reveal the role of lipidomics-affecting APOC3 SNPs in NAFLD-specific pathological alterations. Here, we reported that APOC3 SNPs (rs4225, rs4520, rs5128, rs2070666, and rs2070667) intimately correlated to serum lipidomics in NAFLD patients. A allele instead of G allele at rs2070667, which dominated the SNPs underlying lipidomic alteration, exhibited downregulatory effect on triacylglycerols (TGs: TG 54 : 7, TG 54 : 8, and TG 56 : 9) containing polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Moreover, subjects with low-level PUFA-containing TGs were predisposed to high-grade lobular inflammation (TG 54 : 7, rho = −0.454 and P = 0.007; TG 54 : 8, rho = −0.411 and P =0.016; TG 56 : 9, rho = −0.481 and P = 0.004). The significant correlation of APOC3 rs2070667 and inflammation grading [G/G vs. G/A+A/A: 0.00 (0.00 and 1.00) vs. 1.50 (0.75 and 2.00), P = 0.022] further confirmed its pathological action on the basis of lipidomics-impacting activity. These findings suggest an inhibitory effect of A allele at APOC3 rs2070667 on serum levels of PUFA-containing TGs, which are associated with high-grade lobular inflammation in NAFLD patients.

A real-world assessment of the distribution of lipid levels across increasing lipoprotein(a) levels in patients with established cardiovascular disease in the United States

Abstract Background and purpose Measurements of lipid levels are frequently used to assess the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), including future myocardium infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke. Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has been established as an independent risk factor for developing CVD, however it is not widely measured. This real-world study assessed the distribution of lipid (Total Cholesterol [TC], low-density cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density cholesterol [HDL-C] and Triglycerides [TGs]) levels across different Lp(a) strata of patients with established CVD and at least one Lp(a) assessment. Methods This was a descriptive, non-interventional, retrospective cohort study of patients with established CVD and at least one Lp(a) assessment in the Optum® de-identified Electronic Health Record dataset (2007–2019). The index date was defined as the date of the first established CVD (MI, ischemic stroke or peripheral artery disease diagnosis) in the identification period (1/1/2008–30/6/2018) following one-year continuous enrollment. Patients were followed for up to one year, until death or transfer out of the dataset, whichever occurred first. Results 5,434 patients (55.5% males) with established CVD and at least one Lp(a) assessment having a mean (SD) age of 62.5 (12.6) years were evaluated. During the 12 months pre-index period, 49.9%, 46.1%, 48.1% and 49.8% of these patients had a measurement of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TGs, respectively. Overall, the mean (SD) TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TGs levels were 182.1 (47.0) mg/dL [n=2,712], 102.6 (40.1) mg/dL [n=2,503], 52.7 (16.7) mg/dL [n=2,614], and 140.3 (108.8) mg/dL [n=2,707], respectively. More than half of these patients were treated with at least one lipid lowering drug (includes statins, ezetimibe, fibrates, niacin or PCSK9is) during the pre-index period. The mean (SD) levels of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG in patients with Lp(a) &amp;lt;30 mg/dL, 30–50] mg/dL, 50–70 mg/dL, 70–90 mg/dL and ≥90 mg/dL are presented in Figure 1. Conclusions Overall, no trends in the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C or triglycerides were observed across increasing levels of lipoprotein(a). These findings suggest the measurement of lipoprotein(a) is required to ensure a complete characterization of a patient lipid profile. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Novartis Pharma AG

Hepatic Levels of DHA-Containing Phospholipids Instruct SREBP1-Mediated Synthesis and Systemic Delivery of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.

SummaryPolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), play fundamental roles in mammalian physiology. Although PUFA imbalance causes various disorders, mechanisms of the regulation of their systemic levels are poorly understood. Here, we report that hepatic DHA-containing phospholipids (DHA-PLs) determine the systemic levels of PUFAs through the SREBP1-mediated transcriptional program. We demonstrated that liver-specific deletion of Agpat3 leads to a decrease of DHA-PLs and a compensatory increase of ARA-PLs not only in the liver but also in other tissues including the brain. Together with recent findings that plasma lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) is the major source of brain DHA, our results indicate that hepatic AGPAT3 contributes to brain DHA accumulation by supplying DHA-PLs as precursors of DHA-lysoPC. Furthermore, dietary fish oil-mediated suppression of hepatic PUFA biosynthetic program was blunted in liver-specific Agpat3 deletion. Our findings highlight the central role of hepatic DHA-PLs as the molecular rheostat for systemic homeostasis of PUFAs.

Skin Carotenoid Level as an Alternative Marker of Serum Total Carotenoid Concentration and Vegetable Intake Correlates with Biomarkers of Circulatory Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome.

To confirm the usefulness of noninvasive measurements of skin carotenoids to indicate vegetable intake and to elucidate relationships between skin carotenoid levels and biomarkers of circulatory diseases and metabolic syndrome, we conducted a cross-sectional study on a resident-based health checkup (n = 811; 58% women; 49.5 ± 15.1 years). Skin and serum carotenoid levels were measured via reflectance spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Vegetable intake was estimated using a dietary questionnaire. Levels of 9 biomarkers (body mass index [BMI], brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity [baPWV], systolic and diastolic blood pressure [SBP and DBP], homeostasis model assessment as an index of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], blood insulin, fasting blood glucose [FBG], triglycerides [TGs], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]) were determined. Skin carotenoid levels were significantly positively correlated with serum total carotenoids and vegetable intake (r = 0.678 and 0.210, respectively). In women, higher skin carotenoid levels were significantly associated with lower BMI, SBP, DBP, HOMA-IR, blood insulin, and TGs levels and higher HDL-C levels. In men, it was also significantly correlated with BMI and blood insulin levels. In conclusion, dermal carotenoid level may indicate vegetable intake, and the higher level of dermal carotenoids are associated with a lower risk of circulatory diseases and metabolic syndrome.

Human exposure to bisphenol A through dietary sources and development of diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study in Pakistani population.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is considered as xenoestrogen, a crucial component utilized for the manufacturing of plastic products. It has a potential to disrupt the endocrine system and induces endocrine-related metabolic disorders. We aimed to investigate the exposure of BPA in Pakistani population and its association with sociodemographic features, dietary habits, and risk factors of diabetes mellitus (DM). This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 participants among which 61.75% participants were diabetic and 38.25% were non-diabetic. We developed a structured questionnaire, gathered sociodemographic data, and collected their urine and blood samples for the estimation of BPA and various biomarkers as risk factors of DM, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient was determined for urinary BPA levels and DM risk factors. Urinary BPA values were adjusted for confounders. Sociodemographic data shown that urinary BPA level was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in obese people (BMI > 27) living in semi-urban and industrial areas. BPA was detectable in 75% of study participants. Urinary BPA level was found to be higher in diabetic participants compared with that of non-diabetics. A significant correlation is observed between BPA exposure and DM risk factors. We found that urinary BPA level was correlated with elevated levels of HbA1c (r = 0.6028), HOMA-IR (r = 0.5356), CRP (r = 0.6946), BUN (r = 0.6077), AST (r = 0.5151), FFA (r = 0.5759), TGs (r = 0.5608), and MDA (r = 0.6908). Hence, our study adds to the growing body of evidence supporting the role of BPA exposure as a risk factor for DM and may be associated with higher glycemic index, increased pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, dyslipidemia, and impaired functioning of the liver and kidney. Heating food in plastic containers and consumption of packed food items are the main sources of BPA exposure which are positively associated with DM.

EVALUATION OF ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CROSSANDRA INFUNDIBULIFORMIS LEAVES AND STEMS ON HIGH FAT DIET INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIA

Hypercholesterolaemia is the state been depicted by an expanded greasy substances called lipids, rise in plasma TCs and TGs levels it is additionally called hyper lipoproteinemia. The present study was designed to investigate the hypolipidemic effect of ethanolic extract of Crossandra infundibuliformis leaves and stem (ECILS) in high fat diet (cholesterol 2%, sodium cholate 1%, sucrose 48%, peanut oil, methionine 4%, and 47% normal laboratory feed) . The rats feed with High-fat diet containing (cholesterol 2%, sodium cholate 1%, sucrose 48%, peanut oil, methionine 4%, and 47% normal standard laboratory feed) for 1 month, and then they are checked for the blood parameter levels like TC, TGs, LDL, VLDL, and HDL. Ethanolic extracts at low dose (100 mg/kg), significantly reduced the levels of TC, TGL, LDL, VLDL &amp; increased the levels of HDL and reduced the body weights on 30st day, and at medium, high doses it reduced the levels of TC, TGL, LDL, VLDL &amp; increased the levels of HDL and reduced the body weights.