Aqueous phase self-dispersed CB/PSSS composites were prepared by KH570-modifed CB and p-styrene sulfonate sodium (SSS) via in-situ polymerization. SEM and TEM results indicated that CB/PSSS composites were amorphous with a core-shell structure and had around 10nm copolymer. TGA result indicated that the grafting rate of CB/PSSS composites was 13.3wt%. Particle size analysis results showed that the mean particle size of CB/PSSS composites was 175.9nm diameters with zeta potentials −38.4mV. The CB/PSSS composites showed excellent self-dispersing properties in aqueous phase without extra treatment. This research gives an opportunity to solve the deposition problem during transport and storage process.