Textured Yarns Research Articles

FEATURES OF THERMAL STABILISATION OF FLAX-CONTAINING “STRETCH” FABRICS

The analysis showed that achieving 15…30 % elasticity requires an input of textured yarns of about 40 %, while the same effect can be achieved by inputting 2…4 % elastane yarns. This makes it possible to produce stretch fabrics consisting of 96…98 % natural fibres. It is shown that the two-winding technology of joining elastane yarns with flax yarns allows the process to be carried out at a speed of at least 200 metres per minute. The article presents a laboratory technique for determining the process parameters for thermal stabilisation of flax-containing stretch fabrics to ensure a given elastic elongation of the fabric in the transverse direction. The possibility of producing stretch fabrics with a natural fibre content of at least 96 % is shown. The modes of fabric heat treatment to obtain elastic elongation from 12 to 36 % are given. The presented technique can be recommended for use in production conditions at the initial stage of industrial technology development.

A review of deep learning within the framework of artificial intelligence for enhanced fiber and yarn quality

In the textile production chain, fibers serve as the foundational units for yarn, and yarn, in turn, acts as a fundamental component for woven or knitted fabrics. The quality control of fabrics is intricately tied to the management of fibers and yarns. Traditional laboratory methods have been utilized to assess their quality, but the advent of machine learning and deep learning introduces a transformative approach. This review explores the application of machine learning methods such as principal component analysis, support vector machine, and deep learning methods such as artificial neural networks, convolutional neural networks, you look only once, and genetic algorithms to predict various properties of fibers and yarns. In the context of fibers, the review delves into topics such as cotton fiber grading based on color, characterization of jute fiber, and the identification of medullation in alpaca fibers. For yarns, the focus shifts to predicting parameters such as yarn tenacity, evenness, abrasion index of spun yarns, inspection of false twist textured yarn packages, breaking elongation of ring-spun cotton yarns, tensile properties of cotton/spandex yarns, yarn thickness, and yarn hairiness. The review also provides insights into the advantages and limitations of the discussed studies. Despite the comprehensiveness of this review, it is acknowledged that there might be additional relevant work not covered. The review encourages the sharing of data to expedite the integration of these technologies in future applications within the field.

Effect of stabilising overfeed of draw textured yarns on woven fabric properties

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of draw texturing of polyester yarn on various structural, mechanical, and physical characteristics of plain woven fabric. Partially oriented (POY) polyester filament yarn is taken as starting material for the experiment, which has undergone draw texturing treatment with seven different levels of stabilizing overfeed (SOF) percentage (2%–14%), keeping other texturing parameters constant. Plain woven fabrics are prepared by using the control and six textured yarns as weft on a water jet loom while warp yarn and other weaving parameters are kept unchanged. Thickness, porosity, tensile strength, tearing strength, bending stiffness, water vapour & air permeability, and dye-uptake ability of the control and six textured fabrics are evaluated and analyzed to find out the effect SOF on the fabric properties. It has been observed that the bending length, water vapour & air permeability, tear strength, and pore size of the fabrics are gradually reduced as SOF increases. Meanwhile, thickness, tensile strength, and dye absorbency increase as SOF increases.

Developing a data-driven operational guide for the texturized yarn production process: data mining and intelligence approach

PurposeThe textile industry holds immense significance in the economy of any nation, particularly in the production of synthetic yarn and fabrics. Consequently, the pursuit of acquiring high-quality products at a reduced cost has become a significant concern for countries. The primary objective of this research is to leverage data mining and data intelligence techniques to enhance and refine the production process of texturized yarn by developing an intelligent operating guide that enables the adjustment of production process parameters in the texturized yarn manufacturing process, based on the specifications of raw materials.Design/methodology/approachThis research undertook a systematic literature review to explore the various factors that influence yarn quality. Data mining techniques, including deep learning, K-nearest neighbor (KNN), decision tree, Naïve Bayes, support vector machine and VOTE, were employed to identify the most crucial factors. Subsequently, an executive and dynamic guide was developed utilizing data intelligence tools such as Power BI (Business Intelligence). The proposed model was then applied to the production process of a textile company in Iran 2020 to 2021.FindingsThe results of this research highlight that the production process parameters exert a more significant influence on texturized yarn quality than the characteristics of raw materials. The executive production guide was designed by selecting the optimal combination of production process parameters, namely draw ratio, D/Y and primary temperature, with the incorporation of limiting indexes derived from the raw material characteristics to predict tenacity and elongation.Originality/valueThis paper contributes by introducing a novel method for creating a dynamic guide. An intelligent and dynamic guide for tenacity and elongation in texturized yarn production was proposed, boasting an approximate accuracy rate of 80%. This developed guide is dynamic and seamlessly integrated with the production database. It undergoes regular updates every three months, incorporating the selected features of the process and raw materials, their respective thresholds, and the predicted levels of elongation and tenacity.

Dual-functional thermal management textiles for dynamic temperature regulation based on ultra-stretchable spiral conductive composite yarn with 500%-strain thermal stability and durability.

Next-generation personal thermal management (PTM) textiles for daily routine environments are attracting extensive attention. However, challenges remain in developing multifunctional PTM textiles that are comfortable to wear, have motion stability and environmental adaptability. Herein, a novel design for fabricating a sandwich-structure PTM textile based on an ultra-stretchable spiral conductive composite yarn (SCCY) with strain-electric stability is proposed. An SCCY composed of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/waterborne polyurethane (WPU) and a drawn textured yarn (DTY) is fabricated through a dip-twisting and shaping process. The PVP not only facilitates the interfacial bonding between CNTs and yarn, but also constructs strong hydrogen bond interactions with WPU, resulting in improved structure stability and robust electrical performance. Benefitting from the optimized spiral and composite structure, the SCCY exhibits a fast thermal response (130 °C within 8 s), long-term durability (1500 cycles), and superior thermal stability under large deformation (ΔT/T0 ≈ 8.4%, under 500%). By assembling a stretchable electrothermal fabric based on SCCYs with an elastic fabric and thermochromic layer, temperature visualization and dynamic temperature regulation are integrated into the textile. This multifunctional PTM textile not only features dual thermal regulation modes of radiant cooling and Joule heating, but also maintains flexibility, breathability, and excellent stretchability, which provides broad application prospects in next-generation wearable devices.

Electromechanical properties of knitted structures for potential socks sensing systems

The use of knitted structure pressure sensors in wearable applications and health monitoring systems has attracted a great deal of attention. This study aims to assess the single jersey and double jersey knitted structures as well as the electromechanical characteristics of electrically conductive yarns (ECY). The knitted structures were made with two different types of electrically conductive yarn, including the (i) fully drawn yarn (FDY) and the (ii) drawn textured yarn (DTY). FDY had higher tensile strength than DTY in reference to their drawing and twisting processes. Based on the results in terms of tensile strength, conductive yarns of 280D-FDY and SPFX25070-FX were chosen from seven available conductive yarns for the further production of knitted structures. Additionally, the knittability of the conductive yarn was also considered. Due to the knit-tuck stitch assembly, which increases the thickness of the structure, it was found that the double Lacoste, popcorn, and milano ribs had the necessary compression resistance. The compression properties of the knitted structures were tested using the kawabata evaluation system (KES FB-03). It was found that the recommended knitted structure sensing technology can be easily expanded into a scalable and affordable solution for the production of smart socks and related applications.

Effects of stabilising overfeed on the properties of draw textured polyester yarns

This article deals with the effects of stabilising overfeed (SOF) on the physical properties and structure of draw-texturised polyester yarn. Partially oriented (POY) polyester filament yarn is taken as the starting material for the experiment which is undergone texturing treatment with the various levels of SOF percentage (4% to 14%) keeping other texturing parameters constant. Various characteristics and properties of the texturised yarn samples are measured and analysed to find out the effect of the SOF% on the physical properties and structural changes of the resultant yarns. Bulk and physical structure of all textured yarns are measured by taking optical microscopy images. Change in tensile properties are evaluated by using a universal tensile tester. Change in thermal behaviour of the texturized yarns is evaluated by using differential scanning calorimeter. Thermal degradation and stability of the yarns are measured by using a thermo-gravimetric analyser. Change in the crystallinity of the yarn samples is measured by a wide-angle X-ray diffraction instrument.

Influence of the Fabric Topology on the Performance of a Textile-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self-Powered Monitoring

The fibrous surface of textiles offers a larger contact area and continuous contact with the skin, which makes them a prominent candidate for biomechanical energy harvesting using the triboelectric nanogenerator principle. Herein, a lightweight, comfortable, and robust wearable triboelectric nanogenerator (W-TENG) device is fabricated for its application in self-powered technologies. The TENG output is enhanced via a three-way process: using a textured yarn and modifying the textile material and its structural variation in fabric. The triboelectric performance is correlated to the surface morphology, roughness, and dielectric properties. The current research compares woven and knitted fabric triboelectric nanogenerators using nylon, cotton, polypropylene (PP), and polyester. The surface roughness of the different textile materials and the irregular surface morphology of woven and knitted structures are studied using a three-dimensional (3D) optical profilometer. It is observed that the convolutions on the PP and nylon yarn and the 3D configuration of knitted fabric impart higher roughness than their woven counterpart providing a larger contact area. The higher contact area between the nylon/PP pair of knitted fabric has shown 240.55, 64.96, and 460% increments in voltage, current, and power density, respectively, compared to the woven W-TENG. The knitted fabric-based TENG has additionally demonstrated improved breathability and suitability to generate electrical energy from various human motions.

Investigation of deformation properties of textured multifilament PES yarns

In the process of texturing, smooth filaments are formed into crimpy yarns. By combining thermal and mechanical action, thermoplastic fibres acquire a permanent wavy shape. Since textured multifilament yarns, formed from POY PES filaments, produced on machines with high-temperature heaters, are insufficiently studied, this paper analyses the deformation characteristics of yarns produced in industrial conditions using different process parameters (primary heater temperature, yarn speed, yarn stretching, peripheral speed of friction discs). Special attention is paid to the characteristics at the elastic limit, then at the creep limit, yield and breaking of multifilament textured yarns. A method is proposed which can determine the key points of deformation in the process of stretching textured polyester multifilament yarn, as well as the relationship between the values of force and elongation at the limits of elasticity, creep, end of creep zone, yield and break

The use of novelty and set textured yarns to improve the functional and aesthetic properties of upholstery fabrics and their preparation

The use of novelty and set textured yarns to improve the functional and aesthetic properties of upholstery fabrics and their preparation

Biodegradable Polyamide 6.6 for Textile Application

The study evaluates comparatively some physical and chemical properties of polyamide 6.6 standard and biodegradable. It also evaluates the period of biodegradation of the biodegradable yarn sample and standard sample. The physical properties analyzed were tensile strength, elongation, and tenacity. The chemical properties were related to the behavior of the samples in dyeing and the evaluation of subsequent strength dyeing. The evaluated samples were taken from knitwear produced with polyamide textured filament yarn 80 dtex f 68x1, standard and biodegradable, being purged, bleached, and dyed. The results of the physical tests, although statistically different, have values ​​very near the average, which in practice represent acceptable values ​​within the statistical control process. Both standard and biodegradable samples had the same chemical behavior and there is no difference. Concerning to biodegradation time under laboratory conditions, the carbon dioxide produced by the samples was monitored and measured to determine the percentage of biodegradation according to ASTM D 5511. After 735 days the percentage of biodegradation of the biodegradable yarn was 81.7% and of the normal yarn was 5.2%. This is an expressive gain in ecological terms for synthetic fiber.

The effect of denier per filament (DPF) on low-stress mechanical and transmission behaviour of polyester filament fabrics

This study aims to explain the effects of denier per filament (DPF) on low-stress mechanical properties and the transmission behaviour of multifilament woven polyester fabrics. To observe the effect of filament fineness precisely, poly (ethylene terephthalate) filament yarn having a DPF 0.6, 0.7, 0.9. 1.0, 1.1, 1.4, 2.1 from the same batch of polymer are produced. The filament yarns are converted to the fabric with constant areal density. The low-stress mechanical properties of fabric samples are measured by using the Kawabata evaluation system (KES-FB). Air transmission and moisture vapour transmission behaviour are recorded by air permeability tester TEXTEST FX 3300 and moisture vapour permeability tester PERMETEST. The air permeability of fabric is positively correlated with DPF in fully drawn yarn (FDY) and draw textured yarn (DTY) forms. However, the air permeability is found significantly higher in DTY yarn than FDY having the same DPF.

Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles on Hydrophobicity, Biological and Mechanical Properties of Side-by-Side Bicomponent PP Fibers

This research investigates the effect of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in the mechanically-robust and nanofunctional side-by-side fibers from a single semicrystalline polymer system using polypropylene (PP) as a model matrix. Firstly, the 20 wt.% ZnO-PP nanocomposite masterbatch (ZnO-PP MB) is found to be an optimal condition with well-dispersed nanoparticles unveiled by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and flow properties. Then, the ZnO-PP MB is co-spun with virgin PP into side-by-side fibers with ZnO on only one side. The partially-oriented yarns (POY) with optimal 0.6 wt.% ZnO (3ZnO-PP) are then thermally texturized for self-crimp phenomena. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals uniformly distributed ZnO NPs on only one side of the fibers. The fibers’ crystallinity and tenacity are significantly promoted, which could be ascribed to the nucleating and toughening effects of ZnO nanofillers. The excellent antibacterial activities of 3ZnO-PP POY against both S.aureus and K.pneumonia reach 99.9 % reduction as evaluated by direct contact under AATCC100 standard method. However, the texturized 3ZnO-PP yarns lose their resistance to the gram-negative K. Pneumonia, due possibly to the enhanced hydrophobicity inherent to the resulted crimp structures preventing effective bacteria-surface contact. Nevertheless, the texturized yarns improve the anti-abrasion properties of silk and cotton fabrics at 29% and 31%, respectively, while maintaining their soft touch and feel as evaluated by the Kawabata valuation system.

Study on thermal and mechanical behaviors of polypropylene grade 552R/Cloisite 15A nanocomposites suitable for yarn applications

The investigation of polypropylene (PP)/clay nanocomposites has received considerable scientific and technological attention during the last decades due to their good mechanical and barrier properties. In the present article, the effects of adding Cloisite15A (C15A) nanoclay in polypropylene (PP) were investigated. PP nanocomposites were prepared by a direct melt mixing method. For better dispersion of C15A, 30 wt% of nanoclay masterbatch was first prepared by melt mixing of PP matrix and acrylic acid grafted PP oligomer (PP- g-AA) in a compounder, before being used to produce nanocomposites with 2 and 5 wt% of C15A. The aim of this work was to used nanoclay filled nanocomposites with suitable properties for cable application like good flame-retardant property; improve dye-ability and resilience of polypropylene. The XRD results indicated an intercalated layer structure for nanocomposites, The SEM examination showed satisfactory dispersion of nanoclay in 2 wt% of C15A and some degree of agglomeration in 5 wt% of C15A. DSC analysis indicated that C15A acts as a nucleating agent and increases crystallinity in the nanocomposite. TGA showed with increasing nanoclay, heat resistance was improved and degradation temperatures increased. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests showed increased flame retardancy from 25% for neat polypropylene t0 32.2% for nanocomposites of 5 wt% of C15A. The tensile modulus was improved from 423 MPa for neat polypropylene to 474 MPa for nanocomposites with 5 wt% of C15A.This result indicates that increasing C15A content had a suitable effect on the tensile properties. Melt spinning investigation on low oriented yarn (LOY), draw textured yarn (DTY), and fully drawn yarn (FDY) of 2 wt% C15A nanocomposite showed a reduction of linear density for FDY and an increase of the shrinkage. Furthermore, the obtained results for the improvement of dye-ability and compression resilience showed that PP/C15A is appropriate for textile products.

Mixed versus Networked Bio-Based PA56/Polyethylene Terephthalate Composite Yarns: A Study of Two Modification Methods

Two bio-based PA56/PET composite yarns were manufactured in this study, namely, the mixed and networked composite yarns, by using different modification methods. The results showed that the effect of mixing modification by adding the bio-based PA56 into PET was unsatisfactory. When the ratio of the added bio-based PA56 was smaller than 30%, the modification effect was insignificant; while the ratio was above 30%, the dispersion uniformity was very poor. There were also the problems of the fast rise of pressure in the component and pre-filter, short life cycle, a large number of broken ends, and low production efficiency. Then the bio-based PA56 and PET drawn false- twist textured yarns (DTY) were respectively prepared and manufactured into networked composite yarns. The manufacturing of the networked composite yarns went smoothly. The fabrics woven with the networked composite yarns achieved shade variation with one dye.

Effect of Filament Configuration on Handle and Transmission Properties of Polyester Multifilament Fabrics

The configuration of constituent filaments in multifilament woven polyester fabrics plays very crucially to decide the low stress mechanical as well as transmission behaviour of shirting range fabrics. Intermingled, textured, and flat yarns (150/36/5, yarn of total denier 150, 36 filaments in that strand with 5 twist per meter) were used to produce different fabric samples. Twelve fabric samples using various combinations of warp and weft are manufactured with intermingled, textured, twisted, and flat configurations. Fabric samples were characterized to get low-stress mechanical properties by Kawabata Evaluation System (KES-FB) and transmission behaviour was tested by Permetest, air permeability tester, and wickability tester. The presence of textured configured multifilament yarn exhibits high bending elasticity with lower bending hysteresis. The compression behaviour of fabric consists of intermingled warp and textured weft shows the highest compressibility or fullness. The intermingled configuration offers higher total hand value for winter applications with a different combination of weft threads. The highest wicking potential is achieved in case of intermingled warp and textured weft combinations. The moisture transmission rate remains highest with twisted warp twisted weft fabrics.

Airjet Textured Yarn Fabrics for Airbag: An Innovative Approach

Airbag act as safety device in vehicles, which activates when sensor detects crash or collision. Worldwide majority of airbag fabric is made of Nylon 66 yarn. The problem in airbag are repositioning of airbag, space occupied and cost. In this project attempt has been made to make airbag fabric from Nylon 66/Polyester combination airjet textured yarn to reduce the cost. Also attempt has been made to reduce fabric volume to reduce space occupied using air textured blend yarns. The 6 different type of airbag fabric has been manufactured and compared with commercially available fabric. The some of the parameters has been changed during process like Low tenacity (LT) Polyester has been replaced by High tenacity (HT) Polyester to get better properties of fabric. The fabric has been further coated to improve the air permeability and performance of the fabric. The further it has been observed that fabric properties can be match with commercial fabric. This airbag fabric can efficiently use for secondary airbags.

False-twist texturing with water-jet twister/cooler: effect of water pressure on textured yarn properties

The objective of this research work was to investigate the effect of water pressure on the properties of false-twist textured yarn produced using an innovative false-twist texturing system with waterjet twister/cooler and superheated steam heater. Commercial texturing speed of 800 m/min was selected for this paper so as to establish that this innovative method can be used for false twist texturing successfully. This method replaces the contact heater of a standard false-twist machine with a ‘super-heated steam heater’ and ‘the normal false-twisting device and cooler’ replaced with a ‘water-jet twister/cooler’ combined into one unit, so as to reduce the thread-line length and to increase the production speed significantly. The new heating, twisting and cooling unit is only one metre in length. The reduced thread path has significant advantages when the surging speed is considered. The shorter thread path reduces thread instability and so higher texturing speeds can be achieved. Since the water-jet twisting is virtually friction-free, and has no mechanical moving parts, the production speed can be increased avoiding filament breaks. Results show that this innovative method of false twist texturing can achieve high bulk levels above 40% with good process stability at 800 m/min. Water pressure has a significant positive correlation with twist level and bulk percentage and significant negative correlations with textured yarn tenacity and elongation. When the water pressure is increased, the level of twist imparted to the yarn and the bulk level increase to a maximum. Overall, the results show that the new method of false-twist texturing is capable to produce false-twist textured yarn with success.

HAVA-JETLİ TEKSTÜRE PBT İPLİKLERİN MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN VE KARARSIZLIK DAVRANIŞLARININ İNCELENMESİ

Hava-jetli tekstüre işlemi, sentetik filamentlerin iplik içerisindeki düzenli yerleşimlerini mekanik yolla değiştirerek, bu filamentleri birbirine karışmış, hacimli, doğal ipliklere benzer bir yapıya dönüştürür. Bu teknikte, uygulanan aşırı beslemenin yardımıyla her çeşit filament, tekstüre jetinden uygulanan süpersonik hava akımının tesiriyle karıştırılabilir. Hava-jetli tekstüre işleminde jetten tekstüre olarak çıkan ipliğe, alım silindiri ile sevk silindiri arasında bir mekanik germe işlemi uygulanır. Mekanik germenin amacı, tam olarak ilmek oluşturamamış filamentlerin çözülmesi ve ilmek oluşturabilmiş filamentlerin daha iyi kilitlenerek ipliğin mekanik özelliklerini daha kararlı hale getirmektir. Hava-jetli tekstüre ipliklerin yapısında bulunan ilmeklerin bir kısmı uygulanan kuvvetlerin etkisiyle yok olabilir, iplik üzerinde kalan ilmeklerin miktarı bu ilmeklerin “kararlılığı” ile ilişkilidir. Poliesterler ana zincirlerinde ester bağları bulunduran sentetik liflerdir. Bu lifler olumlu performans özellikleri nedeniyle konvansiyonel ve endüstriyel alanlarda sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. Farklı poliester çeşitleri arasında, polibütilen tereftalat (PBT) lifleri özellikle iyi toparlanma davranışının istendiği uygulamalarda tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada hava-jetli tekstüre PBT ipliklerin mekanik özellikleri ve kararsızlık davranışları incelenmiştir. Yapılan ön denemelerde, mekanik germe oranının %6’nın üzerinde olduğu durumlarda iplik yapısında deformasyon gözlenmiştir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada en yüksek %6 olacak şekilde 4 farklı mekanik germe (%0-2-4-6) ve 3 farklı aşırı besleme oranında (%20-40-60) hava-jetli tekstüre PBT iplikler üretilmiştir. Üretilen bu numunelerin, iplik numaraları, mekanik özellikleri ve elastik toparlanma davranışları incelenmiştir. Çekme ve elastik toparlanma deneylerinden elde edilen sonuçlar optik mikroskop deneyleriyle ilişkilendirilerek açıklanmıştır. Yapılan deneyler sonucunda, hava-jetli tekstüre PBT ipliklerde aşırı besleme oranındaki artışa bağlı olarak ilmekli yapıda bir artış gözlenmiştir. Bu durum, numunelerin iplik numarası ve kopma uzaması değerlerinde bir artışa, elastik toparlanma davranışlarında ise azalmaya neden olmuştur. En az ilmekli yapının gözlendiği %20 aşırı besleme ile üretilen numunelerde filamentler iplik eksenine olan paralelliklerini kısmen korumuştur. Dolayısıyla bu numuneler için hava-jetli tekstüre iplik yapısından ziyade filamentleri meydana getiren molekül zincirlerinin özellikleri ön plana çıkmış ve en iyi toparlanma bu iplik grubunda gözlenmiştir.

Experimental study on texturability of filament yarns produced from recycled PET

In the present work, the texturability of filament yarns produced from recycled bottle grade polyethylene terephthalate (R-PET) and new fiber grade PET (FG-PET) were investigated and compared experimentally. Yarn spun on a spin-draw spinning machine was draw-textured. Elongation at break in each fiber was set to reach 30 ± 5% in the texturing machine. The effect of the draw-texturing conditions on thermomechanical, structural, and crimp properties were examined. Draw-texturing behaviors of the fibers were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry and measurements of intrinsic viscosity, mechanical and crimp properties, density, and X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that crystallinity of the textured yarn from R- PET and FG-PET has increased compared to the semi-drawn yarns. Further, the lateral dimensions of the R-PET crystals are relatively well developed. Crimp properties show nearly similar response for two polymer yarns for the texturing process. It was found that R-PET can be the premier feed supply for the draw-texturing process and that filaments with appropriate confidence could be obtained from the R-PET.