Textured Fabrics Research Articles

Effect of stabilising overfeed of draw textured yarns on woven fabric properties

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of draw texturing of polyester yarn on various structural, mechanical, and physical characteristics of plain woven fabric. Partially oriented (POY) polyester filament yarn is taken as starting material for the experiment, which has undergone draw texturing treatment with seven different levels of stabilizing overfeed (SOF) percentage (2%–14%), keeping other texturing parameters constant. Plain woven fabrics are prepared by using the control and six textured yarns as weft on a water jet loom while warp yarn and other weaving parameters are kept unchanged. Thickness, porosity, tensile strength, tearing strength, bending stiffness, water vapour & air permeability, and dye-uptake ability of the control and six textured fabrics are evaluated and analyzed to find out the effect SOF on the fabric properties. It has been observed that the bending length, water vapour & air permeability, tear strength, and pore size of the fabrics are gradually reduced as SOF increases. Meanwhile, thickness, tensile strength, and dye absorbency increase as SOF increases.

Functional Analysis of psychological healing based on 3D omni-directional scanning method to simulate the design of natural textured fabrics

Abstract This paper is centered on applying 3D omnidirectional scanning technology to design natural textured fabrics to explore its functionality in psychological healing. The therapeutic potential of fabric art has been widely recognized due to the prevalence of psychological stress in modern society. This study uses 3D omnidirectional scanning technology to scan knitted textures, optimize fabric texture models, and conduct experimental research and material development using elevation and lighting angles. The size, Angle, color, and other factors that affect the experiment of knitted materials were tested, and eight convenient materials were selected for psychological experiments. A two-week experiment was conducted to record and analyze changes in the psychological state of 30 subjects (15 men and 15 women). It was obtained that the intervention group using simulated fabrics decreased from an average of 38.14 to 27.25 in the level of mental awareness, which was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.01). In terms of mental health indicators, the intervention group showed significant improvement in depression, anxiety, and other dimensions. Using 3D omnidirectional scanning technology to simulate natural texture fabric design positively enhances mental awareness and improves mental health, which has a promising potential for psychological healing.

Comparison of three-dimensional printed composite fabrics with different surface textures made with digital light processing and fused deposition modeling

There is increasing interest in the development of functional composite materials in the field of textiles/clothing, and 3D printing technology has been researched widely to allow practical applications. Previous studies have proposed solutions to improve the adhesion of composite fabrics produced by fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology, but analysis of the adhesion characteristics of fabric composites manufactured by digital light processing (DLP) is insufficient. In this study, the DLP method was used to print rectangular patterns on four textured fabrics (woven polyester (PET), Velour, Fleece, Pleated), peeling experiments and mechanical property tests were conducted on 3D-printed composite fabrics, and these results were compared with those of the FDM method to analyze adhesion based on the surface properties of the fabrics. For composite fabrics printed using the DLP method, a liquid photosensitive resin penetrates the fibers, resulting in greater adhesion of composite fabrics and accuracy of printed patterns than those prepared using FDM. The DLP-PET showed the best mechanical properties in all groups. This research verified that adhesion can be improved by the 3D printing method and the surface characteristics of the fabric and presents a new method to prepare composite fabrics with improved properties.

Generation of Textured Surfaces by Vibration-Assisted Ball-End Milling

Textured surfaces have been widely applied in many fields due to their excellent functional performances. Although several micro-scale surface texturing techniques have been used to fabricate surface textures, most are either very expensive, have material limitations, or lack flexibility. In this study, a novel textured surface generation method using vibration-assisted ball-end milling with a non-resonant vibrator is proposed. Firstly, the configuration of the vibration-assisted ball-end milling system is introduced. Then, the trajectories of the cutting edges are modeled and analyzed. Furthermore, an analysis of a non-resonant vibrator is conducted. Finally, surface texture machining experiments are conducted, and the feasibility of the proposed vibration-assisted ball-end milling method for surface texture fabrication is verified.

Tool–workpiece separation characteristic and surface generation in ultrasonic assisted milling

Ultrasonic assisted machining is an eco-friendly surface texture fabrication method with low machining cost, high-accuracy precision, and efficiency. This study analyzes the surface texture formation in feed direction ultrasonic vibration assisted milling (FUVAM) and elliptical ultrasonic vibration assisted milling (EUVAM). The trajectories of the single and adjacent tool tips in FUVAM are analyzed. Furthermore, the tool–workpiece separation mechanism in EUVAM is discussed. Moreover, a 3D surface topography model of EUVAM is applied to study the influences of machining parameters on the ultrasonic machining topography. The experiments of conventional milling (CM) and EUVAM are carried out and different types of surface textures are successfully fabricated on Ti-6Al-4V using EUVAM. The results of the response surface indicate that the surface roughness shows an increasing trend with higher spindle speed, but decreases with improved feed speed and cutting depth. Compared with CM, the chips generated in EUVAM have the characteristics of small width and low bending degree. This work is expected to provide some guidance for the selection of machining and vibration parameters during ultrasonic assisted milling.

INFLUENCE OF WEDM-TEXTURED TOOLS ON THE MACHINABILITY OF TITANIUM GRADE-23 ALLOY

This study has been carried out to understand and reveal the efficacy of using surface-textured tools in the dry turning of Ti grade-23 alloys. The textures have been fabricated nearer to the primary cutting edge (in the rake face) and the secondary cutting edge (in the flank face) of the tool. The method used for texture fabrication is a nonconventional machining technique, Wire Electro-discharge Machining (WEDM). Micro-grooves/channels have been fabricated in the tools (rake face and flank face). The study also aimed to reveal the influence of texture pattern as well as its position on the cutting edges. The rake face-textured tools had four varieties: vertically textured (VT-R), diagonally textured (DT-R), horizontally textured (HT-R) and cross-textured (CT-R). On the other hand, the flank face had three varieties: cross-textured (CT-F), horizontally textured (HT-F) and vertically textured (VT-F). The cutting performance was measured and compared among the aforementioned different textured tools and nontextured (NT) ones in terms of the forces ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]), temperature, tool wear and chip morphology. The study revealed that the textured tools performed better and the VT-R tool performed the best followed by the DT-R and VT-F tools as compared to NT ones for the dry turning of Ti grade-23 alloys.

Effects of PDMS Base/Agent Ratios and Texture Sizes on the Electrical Performance of Triboelectric Nanogenerators

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a micro/nano electromechanical power system that converts mechanical energy into electricity based on contact electrification and electrostatic induction. At present, research on improving TENG performance mainly focus on material optimization and texture fabrication. This paper proposes a simple material optimization method based on regulating the ratio of elastomer base to curing agent (base/agent ratio) of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to improve the performance of TENG with rectangular groove textures, and the influence of texture sizes on TENG output is explored. By analyzing the contact behavior, dielectric, and mechanical property, the influence mechanism of PDMS base/agent ratios and texture sizes on TENG performance is revealed. Results show that PDMS base/agent ratios affect TENG output mainly through material dielectric properties, while texture sizes mainly by contact behaviors. As the base/agent ratio decreases, although the real contact area and displacement of PDMS exhibit slight reductions, the relative permittivity of PDMS increases, and thus the surface charge density and performance of TENG increases. As the boss width increases or the groove width decreases, the displacement of PDMS declines, which would lead to the slight drop of the surface charge density, but the real contact area increases, which still results in improved TENG output.

Design and Implementation of Ultrasonic Impact Peening-Based Device for Stainless Steel Surface Texture Fabrication.

The manufacturing of precise surface microstructures with low cost is needed for surface texturing-based surface engineering. In this paper, a device for the fabrication of surface microgroove texture on stainless steel based on ultrasonic impact peening (UIP) is proposed and investigated. First, the principle of applying the UIP into the fabrication of surface texture is analytically described. Then, the design of the UIP device, particularly the design of functional systems and mechanical structures, is carried out. Next, a UIP experimental device is built, and is further applied to fabricate microgroove textures on 316L stainless steel. The subsequent experimental characterization of microgroove morphology demonstrates the feasibility of the designed UIP device for the fabrication of stainless steel surface texture.

Wool characteristics of Changthangi sheep

Changthangi sheep, one of the indigenous breeds of Jammu and Kashmir, India, is reared by the nomadic tribe Changpas in the Changthang region of Ladakh. It is a dual purpose breed known for wool and mutton production. The breed supports the livelihood of the Changpas besides Pashmina goat rearing. Changpas use the wool locally for production of local items like rugs, socks, sweaters, quilts (Rstkotul), mattresses (Rstdhan) etc. Owing to very little scientific knowledge on the quality characteristics of Changthangi wool its wide spread utilization is limited. Current study was undertaken for evaluating the quality of Changthangi sheep wool wherein results revealed that the average fibre diameter, medullation percentage, staple length, number of crimps, fibre length, scouring yield and burr content were 31.19 ± 0.71 μm, 11.37 ± 0.97 %, 11.34 ± 0.55 cm, 4.13 ± 0.36, 134.58 ± 3.56 mm, 81.06 ± 0.94 % and 3.19 ± 0.65 % respectively. The study also revealed that Changthangi sheep has a double coat with a marked difference in the fibre diameter and surface characteristics of primary and secondary fibres. From the study it was concluded that the Changthangi wool is medium type wool and can be utilized in an organized sector for development of finer textured fabrics. Further, the undercoat having finer diameter and smooth handle can be utilized for the manufacturing of smooth textured luxurious fabrics next only to pashmina.

Tribological properties of textured surfaces fabricated on AISI 1045 steels by ultrasonic surface rolling under dry reciprocating sliding

This paper aims to demonstrate an effective surface texturing fabrication approach in improving the tribological properties of AISI 1045 hardened steel surface. Ultrasonic surface rolling technology was employed to fabricate strengthened surface and line array textured surface on substrates. Characterizations such as morphology, surface residual stress, microhardness, elasticity modulus and surface roughness with different surfaces were examined. Ball-on disk reciprocating sliding dry friction tests were performed. Results indicate that textured surfaces with good quality and accuracy were fabricated by ultrasonic rolling treatment. Increased microhardness and residual compressive stress of surfaces treated by ultrasonic rolling were obtained. Textured surfaces played a positive role in improving tribological performance. The surface with line array textures presented the best efficiency of anti-friction and anti-wear while sliding against GCr15 steel ball, the friction coefficient and sliding ball wear rate decreased by 79% and 98%, respectively, compared with the polished ones. Additionally, the possible tribological mechanism of ultrasonic rolling texturing was discussed. Multistage structure with mm/micro/nano-textures combined with a strengthened layer caused by ultrasonic rolling technology, increased the mechanical and tribological properties of surfaces. The synergistic combination of strengthened layer and texture structure could contribute to prolonging the friction and wear life of materials.

Performance Evaluation of Textured Inserts with MQL in Machining of PH Stainless Steel

This present investigation presents the method of texture fabrication and performance analysis of machinability of a textured and conventional Tungsten Carbide (WC) tool inserts. An endeavour has been taken to increase the performance of machining with different type of textured inserts. Texturing on the rake face of the inserts was fabricated using Wire Electrical Discharge Machine (WEDM). Experiments were conducted with different set of machining parameters on PH Stainless Steel (PHSS) with conventional and textured inserts and machinability analysis were evaluated. Tangential cutting force, surface roughness, and tool wear have been opted as the responses. Scanning electron microscope and optical microscopic image were used to evaluate the tool wear for different type of texture inserts. Based upon the outcomes attained, it is observed that the cutting tool with diamond shape texture exhibits the better performance in reduction of cutting force, tool wear and also improves the surface finish.

Machinability Analysis and Optimization of Wire-EDM Textured Conventional Tungsten Carbide Inserts in Machining of 17–4 PH Stainless Steel

This present investigation presents the method of texture fabrication and performance analysis of machinability of a textured and conventional Tungsten Carbide (WC) tool inserts. An endeavour has been taken to increase the performance of machining with different type of textured inserts. Texturing on the rake face of the inserts was fabricated using Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM). Cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate were considered as input process parameters. Cutting force (Fz) and surface roughness (Ra) were considered as the performance measures. Taguchi’s experimental design concept has been employed and an L27 Orthogonal Array (OA) has been opted for planning the experiment. Investigation on machinability performance has been performed for turning of 17-4 Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel (PHSS) with the use of Taguchi-Grey Relational Approach (TGRA). The selected process variables have been optimized for attaining improved machining performance and to select the suitable texture in increasing the machinability of PH Stainless Steel. The outcomes of this present investigation demonstrated that the performance of machining can be enriched competently with an aid of the proposed method. Interaction analysis and contour plot analysis also performed to reveal the combined effect of process variables on desired performance measures.

Experimental Investigation on Centreless Electro Discharge Texturing of Thin Walled Inconel-600 Tubes

Electro discharge texturing is a texture fabrication technique. Inconel 600 has poor machinability in conventional processes due to its poor thermal conductance, high temperature strength, and work hardening nature. In this work, a centreless electro discharge process is employed to produce texturing on the external surfaces of circular tubes by using graphite electrode. Centreless work support and drive attachment was developed and adopted on ENC-35 EDM to perform experiments. This article details the experimental findings of the influence of four process parameters: peak current, gap voltage, pulse on time, and electrode interaction area on material removal rate, tool wear rate and surface roughness. Response surface methods and ANOVA techniques were employed for data analysis while the RSM's desirability approach was used to solve the multi-response optimization. A confirmation run is conducted by adjusting the variables at optimal level within the selected range. Conclusions are drawn for optimum parametric settings.

BRDF characteristics of different textured fabrics in visible and near-infrared band.

The directional reflection characteristics of fabrics with various texture structures is an important and challenging topic in computer graphics and visual simulation. In the present study, the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) of four different textured fabrics is measured via a self-designed Scatterometry to analyze the effect of surface textures and illuminated wavelengths. Furthermore, a fast and simple BRDF model is provided, and optimal model parameters for fabric BRDF calculation were obtained via a genetic algorithm. The results indicate that the reflected distribution of fabrics is dominated by diffuse reflection and is modulated by surface textures and irradiated wavelengths.

Mystery-Pictures by Tatiana Obraztsova

The author introduces art lovers to the creative work of Tatiana Obraztsova, professor, Honorary Member of the Russian Academy of Arts and Honorary Art Worker of the city of Moscow. Her landscapes created in various techniques show a deep connection with European symbolism and art traditions of the Far East. The original area of creative search lies in decorative panels-collages made with textured fabrics, multi-colored threads, sparkling glass pendants, necklaces, etc.

Macro‐and Microstructural, Textural Fabrics and Deformation Mechanism of Calcite Mylonites from Xar Moron‐Changchun Dextral Shear Zone, Northeast China

The calcite mylonites in the Xar Moron‐Changchun shear zone show a significance dextral shearing characteristics. The asymmetric (σ‐structure) calcite/quartz grains or aggregates, asymmetry of calcite c‐axes fabric diagrams and the oblique foliation of recrystallized calcite grains correspond to a top‐to‐E shearing. Mineral deformation behaviors, twin morphology, C‐axis EBSD fabrics, and quartz grain size‐frequency diagrams demonstrate that the ductile shear zone was developed under conditions of greenschist facies, with the range of deformation temperatures from 200 to 300°C. These subgrains of host grains and surrounding recrystallized grains, strong undulose extinction, and slightly curved grain boundaries are probably results of intracrystalline deformation and dynamic recrystallization implying that the deformation took place within the dislocation‐creep regime at shallow crustal levels. The calculated paleo‐strain rates are between 10−7.87 s−1 and 10−11.49 s−1 with differential stresses of 32.63–63.94 MPa lying at the higher bound of typical strain rates in shear zones at crustal levels, and may indicate a relatively rapid deformation. The S‐L‐calcite tectonites have undergone a component of uplift which led to subhorizontal lifting in an already non‐coaxial compressional deformation regime with a bulk pure shear‐dominated general shear. This E‐W large‐scale dextral strike‐slip movement is a consequence of the eastward extrusion of the Xing'an‐Mongolian Orogenic Belt, and results from far‐field forces associated with Late Triassic convergence domains after the final closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean.

Micro texture fabrication by a non-resonant vibration generator

Surface texturing with designed micro-structures exhibits numerous novel functional characteristics and features as compared to ordinary smooth surfaces or surfaces generated by the conventional customary manufacturing processes. Though several micro-scale surface textures generating techniques have been used to fabricate surface textures, most of these techniques are either of low efficiency or lack the flexibility to fabricate sophisticated surface topographies. In this study, a non-resonant vibration generator was used to control the micro surface texturing generation process. The principles of this vibration assisted surface texturing process are analyzed. Furthermore, surface generation models for both the cylindrical and flat surfaces of a cylinder are formulated to serve as a vehicle for generating the desired surface topography. Finally, surface texturing experiments were conducted, and complex micro textured topographies were successfully fabricated.

Wallpaper pattern alignment along garment seams

Despite recent developments towards on-demand, individualized garment design and fabrication, the majority of processes in the fashion industry are still inefficient and heavily dependent on manual work. A significant amount of recent research in this area has been focused on supporting designers to digitally create sewing patterns and shapes, but there is little work on textured fabrics. Aligning textile patterns like stripes or plaid along garment seams requires an experienced tailor and is thus reserved only for expensive, high-end garments. We present an interactive algorithm for automatically aligning repetitive textile patterns along seams for a given garment, allowing a user to make design choices at each step of our pipeline. Our approach is based on the 17 wallpaper groups and the symmetries they exhibit. We exploit these symmetries to optimize the alignment of the sewing pattern with the textured fabric for each of its pieces, determining where to cut the fabric. We optionally alter the sewing pattern slightly for a perfect fit along seams, without visibly changing the 3D shape of the garment. The pieces can then be cut automatically by a CNC or laser cutter. Our approach fits within the pipeline of digital garment design, eliminating the difficult, manual step of aligning and cutting the garment pieces by hand.

Macro & micro-feature fabrication on external cylindrical surface using perimetric electrical discharge texturing

Machining of thin walled lesser stiff rotationally symmetric components is quite challenging. Electric discharge texturing is one among many of the material removing texture fabrication techniques. Extensive research has been performed for wire electric discharge machining by various researchers but so far very little effort has been made for electric discharge texturing on cylindrical surface. No one has attempted for texturing on thin walled cylindrical components. In the present study, preliminary trial experiment was conducted to evaluate suitability of newly developed Electric Discharge Machining technique i.e. Perimetric Electric Discharge Texturing (PEDT). A Perimetric Work Support & Drive System (PWSDS) was developed for Die sinker EDM to perform texturing on thin walled difficult to machine circular components used in aviation, automobile and heat transfer applications. Experimental setup was prepared for ENC-35 (Die sinker EDM). Trial experiment were performed at low current on Aluminium alloy (EN AW-6082-AlSi1MgMn) tube using copper electrode. Process was investigated for the effect of current and current density on MRR, surface roughness and geometrical accuracies (circularity, concentricity). The dielectric Dearomatized hydrocarbon fluid EDM100 was applied through nozzle to flush out the material removed by melting and evaporation. It was found that very small current quickly removes a very thin layer of the surface material without much damage to the base metal and improves the surface finish. The circularity is found to be dependent upon the run out accuracy of the spinning drive wheel. PEDT proves out to be most promising method of metal removing texturing technique specially for lesser stiff typical components.

Fabric Defect Detection Method Combing Image Pyramid and Direction Template

Focusing on the fabric defect detection with periodic-pattern and pure-color texture, an algorithm based on Direction Template and Image Pyramid is proposed. The detection process is divided into two stages: model training and defect localization. During the model training stage, we construct an Image Pyramid for each fabric image that does not contain any defects. Then, Stacked De-noising Convolutional Auto-Encoder (SDCAE) is used for image reconstruction, its training sets are created by randomly extracting image blocks from image pyramid, which makes the feature information of the image block more abundant and the reconstruction effect of the model more remarkable. During the defect localization stage, the image to be detected is divided into a number of blocks, and is reconstructed by using the trained SDCAE model. Then, the candidate defective image blocks are roughly located by using the Structural Similarity Index Measurement after the image reconstruction. Subsequently, direction template is introduced to solve the problem of fabric deformation caused by factors such as fabric production environment and photographic angle. We select the direction template of the images to be detected, filter the candidate defective blocks, and further reduce false detection rate of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, there is no need to calculate size of periodic-pattern during detection for periodic textured fabric. The algorithm is also suitable for defect detection for pure-color fabrics. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve better defect localization accuracy, and receive better results in detection of pure-color fabrics, compared with traditional methods.