Texture Restoration Research Articles

Analysis of Damage Incurred in Nine Months and Investigating Restoration Methods of Old Buildings in the Historic Texture of Tabriz Bazaar (Case Study: Shahidi-Rasta-Bazari)

The main aim of this research is to identify the worn and historic places of the Tabriz Bazaar that as a result, it identifies the type of the texture of Corridor including the historicity of the texture and other factors. Accordingly, architectural restoration is a branch of architecture which is based on identification and studying the historic texture and buildings and leads to the restoration of historic spaces in terms of structural and functional aspects. The buildings in the texture are important in terms of authentication and manifestation of beliefs, cultures, behaviors and social relations. The main goal of this research is to offer an appropriate strategic design for organization and better performance of the old and historic texture of Tabriz Bazaar. Tabriz Bazaar, with an area of about one km2, is the biggest covered traditional bazaar in the world. This bazaar was restored by the last governor of Tabriz, Najafgoli Khan Danbali, three centuries ago and after the earthquake in 1193 AH. Restoration of the market malls can be effective in the preservation and restoration of the historic fabric and the building structural life as full potential spaces in the cities in the form of structural strategic design and its connection to the texture. In the historical context of the Tabriz bazaar as a national capital (material and spiritual), there are several active and semi-active Serai. This research investigates the building. Examines the complications that have been caused problems and probable solutions and then proposes the texture restoration design according to the spatial and structural capabilities and a correct practical definition of the monument has been suggested. The goal is meet the needs of the community and changing the perception of the inhabitants of the texture of the old buildings, it also provided protection for the building. The final design consists of a macro-to-small solution, Due to the location of valuable buildings in the old Tabriz texture, Particularly valuable corridors in the historical context of the bazaar have been tried first by introducing the scope and importance of conservation and restoration, identifying and examining the materials used in these historical buildings, Their purposefulness, familiarity with Shahidi-Rasta-Bazari, and the pathology and technology of this building, and ultimately provide the new protective and protective methods that are the main objectives of the project. The research method was applied in terms of goal and descriptive and analytical in terms of methodology and the data were collected through library and field method and the data were analyzed qualitatively.

CRYOTHERAPY AS AN ALTERNATIVE THERAPY FOR JUVENILE SPONGIOTIC GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS ON TWO CASES

Juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia (JSGH) is a subtype of inflammatory gingival hyperplasia, commonly observed in children, with a female predominance. JSGH usually shows lack of response to traditional periodontal treatment, and interestingly, after surgical excision, a recurrence rate of 6% to 16% is related. We report 2 female patients (9 and 11 years old) who presented with multifocal red patches along the maxillary and mandibular labial gingiva. All lesions had a granular surface texture with no signs of bleeding. Both cases showed no regression of the lesions after prophylactic interventions. Surgical excision of the focal lesion in each case was performed, being diagnosed as JSGH. In both cases, the lesions had recurrence. Hence, cryotherapy sessions in all lesions over 8 weeks were performed. After 3-month follow-up, meaningful lesional regression and restoration of gingival texture were observed. In conclusion, cryotherapy appears to be successful in JSGH, with good tolerance by pediatric patients.

Public and Private Partnership: A Strategy to Repair Old Texture

Todays, due to high construction costs and lack of economic potential of owners of old textures, public and private partnership is one of the restoration methods of these textures. Public-private partnership in the investment and implementation of worn and old textures’ restoration with guidance, support and supervision of governmental and public pillars is considered as a master key in restoration of old textures. This study aims at examining the effect of public and private partnership on restoration of old textures as well as providing strategies for strengthening and expanding this type of partnership. This article, based on descriptive-analytical approach, initially analyzes the existing problems and empowers the sections related to the rehabilitation and modernization of the textures. Then, through public and private partnership dealing with features such as shortening project times, reducing the project's financial problems, having financial–technical power, adopting equal rights for partners, and using flexible planning. Further, according to the findings of this study, in the case of legal infrastructures for public-private partnership, compliance of urbanism criteria with major goals of urban textures’ modernization, adequacy of facilities and incentive packages, the cooperation of owners, an increase in the supervision of the relevant institutions on partnership and the use of local experts and investors, the success of this partnership and restoration may be stably guaranteed.

Statistics of Natural Stochastic Textures and Their Application in Image Denoising.

Natural stochastic textures (NSTs), characterized by their fine details, are prone to corruption by artifacts, introduced during the image acquisition process by the combined effect of blur and noise. While many successful algorithms exist for image restoration and enhancement, the restoration of natural textures and textured images based on suitable statistical models has yet to be further improved. We examine the statistical properties of NST using three image databases. We show that the Gaussian distribution is suitable for many NST, while other natural textures can be properly represented by a model that separates the image into two layers; one of these layers contains the structural elements of smooth areas and edges, while the other contains the statistically Gaussian textural details. Based on these statistical properties, an algorithm for the denoising of natural images containing NST is proposed, using patch-based fractional Brownian motion model and regularization by means of anisotropic diffusion. It is illustrated that this algorithm successfully recovers both missing textural details and structural attributes that characterize natural images. The algorithm is compared with classical as well as the state-of-the-art denoising algorithms.

Incorporating image priors with deep convolutional neural networks for image super-resolution

Deep convolutional neural network has been applied for single image super-resolution problem and demonstrated state-of-the-art quality. This paper presents several prior information that could be utilized during the training process of the deep convolutional neural network. The first type of prior focuses on edges and texture restoration in the output, and the second type of prior utilizes multiple upscaling factors to consider the structure recurrence across different scales. As demonstrated by our experimental results, the proposed framework could significantly accelerate the training speed for more than ten times and at the same time lead to better image quality. The generated super-resolution image achieves visually sharper and more pleasant restoration as well as superior objectively evaluation results compared to state-of-the-art methods.

Measuring the trend of people to participate in restoration of worn-out textures

Wearing out the urban texture, specially, when itcomes to be an obvious characteristic of a district as a living cell ofmunicipal life and a part of city system, its effects go beyond the andencompasses the whole city system. Developing the collaborative work andcreating the collective energy resulting from participation of owners andresidents of worn out cities is a fundamental strategy which should be regardedby the officials and municipals. In this research, in order to measure thetrend of people to participate in restoration of worn out textures of Shadkhanehdistrict in Neyriz, questioners were used as a tool of data collection. Thesample includes residents of Shadkhaneh district. With regard to Morgan Table,360 samples were selected but to reach better results, 400 questionnaires werecompleted. GIS and SPSS software were used for data analysis. The results ofthis study showed that people participate less and different factors involve inthis issue. Finally, correlation test was done between the variables whichsuggested that there is significant correlation between the location dependenceand public participation, social connection and public participation and alsoawareness and social participation.

Designing and evaluating an expert system for restoring damaged byzantine icons

The use of image processing techniques in cultural heritage applications has been gaining increasing interest in the research community. In this paper, an integrated framework that can be used for virtual restoration of the facial region of damaged Byzantine icons is presented. A key aspect of the proposed methodology is the integration of practices adopted by expert icon restorers into a machine-based expert system that incorporates the modules of damage detection, shape and texture restoration. Damage detection is performed based on a residual-based approach, while the shape restoration method utilizes a 3D shape model generated by incorporating a set of geometrical rules defined by expert Byzantine style iconographers. Texture restoration is based on the recursive Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique so that combinations of colors learned from a training set are applied to the damaged icon regions. All modules, developed as part of this framework, are incorporated into a user-friendly application that can be used by amateurs or professional Byzantine icon restorers and conservators. The potential of the developed tool has been validated through a quantitative experimental process and a user-based evaluation.

An Adaptive Strategy for the Restoration of Textured Images using Fractional Order Regularization

Total variation regularization has good performance in noise removal and edge preservation but lacks in texture restoration. Here we present a texture-preserving strategy to restore images contaminated by blur and noise. According to a texture de- tection strategy, we apply spatially adaptive fractional order diffusion. A fast algorithm based on the half-quadratic technique is used to minimize the resulting objective func- tion. Numerical results show the effectiveness of our strategy.

Role of oral zinc sulphate in warts-a placebo controlled,single-blinded study

Verrucae (synonym: warts) are one of the most common viral infections of humans in which the most frequently used modalities of treatment involve destruction of the affected area, which does not prevent recurrences and often results in scarring. In the present study oral zinc sulphate, an immunomodulator was evaluated as a treatment modality for warts. A placebo-controlled, single-blinded study was conducted on one hundred OPD patients with various types of verrucae. Fifty patients were put on oral zinc sulphate at dose of 5mg/kg for six weeks, while an equal number of patients received placebo for the same duration. In the patients who received oral zinc sulphate, 60.97% showed complete response at the end of six weeks in comparison to 6.45% partial response in the placebo group. The resolution of the lesions occurred with restoration of normal epidermal texture with transient alteration in pigmentation.

Inhibition of Skin Colour Darkening (Skin Clearing and Lightening); Skin Firming; Body Calming and Body Vitalizing Effects of <i>Vernonia amygdalina</i> Leaf Extract

Problem statement: Obese human subjects treated with oral Vernonia amygdalina (V. amygdalina) aqueous leaf extract for one month who experienced the anti-obesity effects of V. amygdalina leaf extract reported a lighter; clearer; more glowing and firmer skin as side effects of the treatment (unpublished findings). In this study, oral Vernonia amygdalina aqueous leaf extract was taken daily for six months to observe its effects on the external appearance and the firmness of the skin of the treated subject. Approach: Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract was prepared as a leaf effusion. The extract was taken 4 times daily by the subject who also oserved some dietary restritions. Results: The results of the study showed that V. amygdalina leaf extract has potent skin clearing; skin firming; skin lightening (inhibition of skin colour darkening); skin texture and lusture restoration; anti-obesity; body calming and body vitality (vigor) effects. These skin colour and form restoration effects of V. amygdalina extract coupled to its body metabolism effects to give body calm, vitality and youthful looks to the subject. Conclusion: The study concludes that V. amygdalina leaf extract has skin colour and formlightening and restoration effects as well as body calming and body vitalizing effects.

Nonlocal Mumford-Shah Regularizers for Color Image Restoration

We propose here a class of restoration algorithms for color images, based upon the Mumford-Shah (MS) model and nonlocal image information. The Ambrosio-Tortorelli and Shah elliptic approximations are defined to work in a small local neighborhood, which are sufficient to denoise smooth regions with sharp boundaries. However, texture is nonlocal in nature and requires semilocal/non-local information for efficient image denoising and restoration. Inspired from recent works (nonlocal means of Buades, Coll, Morel, and nonlocal total variation of Gilboa, Osher), we extend the local Ambrosio-Tortorelli and Shah approximations to MS functional (MS) to novel nonlocal formulations, for better restoration of fine structures and texture. We present several applications of the proposed nonlocal MS regularizers in image processing such as color image denoising, color image deblurring in the presence of Gaussian or impulse noise, color image inpainting, color image super-resolution, and color filter array demosaicing. In all the applications, the proposed nonlocal regularizers produce superior results over the local ones, especially in image inpainting with large missing regions. We also prove several characterizations of minimizers based upon dual norm formulations.

Minimizing Nonsubmodular Functions with Graph Cuts-A Review

Optimization techniques based on graph cuts have become a standard tool for many vision applications. These techniques allow to minimize efficiently certain energy functions corresponding to pairwise Markov Random Fields (MRFs). Currently, there is an accepted view within the computer vision community that graph cuts can only be used for optimizing a limited class of MRF energies (e.g., submodular functions). In this survey, we review some results that show that graph cuts can be applied to a much larger class of energy functions (in particular, nonsubmodular functions). While these results are well-known in the optimization community, to our knowledge they were not used in the context of computer vision and MRF optimization. We demonstrate the relevance of these results to vision on the problem of binary texture restoration.

Robust method of approximating the orientation distribution function by canonical normal distributions

The problem of the restoration of an orientation distribution function (ODF) of polycrystalline materials from experimental pole figures (PFs) using the modified method of components is considered. As the components, central normal distributions on the rotation group SO(3) are used. To find the parameters of the model, the regularization method is employed. The code constructed permits one to calculate the model parameters from complete or incomplete pole figures obtained by X-ray or neutron scattering method. In this case, no preliminary normalization is required. Based on the parameters found, both the ODFs and any other PFs can be restored. The validity of the method is demonstrated on the example of the restoration of the hot-rolling texture of magnesium proceeding from PFs that were obtained at the Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow oblast. To find the parameters of the model, two of the six PFs measured have been used. The other four PFs that have not been employed in calculations were restored from the parameters found. They are used for the estimation of the adequacy of the model and, as follows from the calculations, have the same level of accuracy of the approximations as those that were used for the calculation of PFs.

Micro-extrusion of ECAP processed magnesium alloy for production of high strength magnesium micro-gears

Abstract Micro-gear extrusion of the fine-grained equal channel angular pressed (ECAPed) AZ31 alloy was successfully performed. High strength gears (yield stress >350 MPa) could be produced by effective grain-refinement through ECAP and texture restoration to the original state before ECAP by subsequent extrusion.

Constrained Texture Restoration

A method is proposed for filling in missing areas of degraded images through explicit structure reconstruction, followed by texture synthesis. The structure being reconstructed represents meaningful edges from the image, which are traced inside the artefact. The structure reconstruction step relies on different properties of the edges touching the artefact and of the areas between them, in order to sketch the missing edges within the artefact area. The texture synthesis step is based on Markov random fields and is constrained by the traced edges in order to preserve both the shape and the appearance of the various regions in the image. The novelty of our contribution concerns constraining the texture synthesis, which proves to give results superior to the original texture synthesis alone, or to the smoothness-preserving structure-based restoration.

Textures revisited

We describe texture generation methods for complex objects. Recently developed 3D scanning devices and high-resolution cameras can capture the complex geometry of an object and yield high-resolution images. However, generating a textured model from this input data is still a difficult problem. This task is divided into three subproblems: parameterization, texture combination, and texture restoration. A low-distortion parameterization method is presented, which minimizes geometry stretch energy. Photographs of the object taken from multiple viewpoints under modestly uncontrolled illumination conditions are merged into a seamless texture using our new texture combination method. We also demonstrate a texture restoration method that can fill in missing pixel information when the input photographs do not provide sufficient information to cover the entire surface due to self-occlusion or registration errors. Our methods are fully automatic, except for the registration process between a 3D model and input photographs. We demonstrate the application of our method to human face models for evaluation. The techniques presented in this paper make a consistent and complete pipeline to generate the texture of a complex object.

Audio Textures: Theory and Applications

In this paper, we introduce a new audio medium, called audio texture, as a means of synthesizing long audio stream according to a given short example audio clip. The example clip is first analyzed to extract its basic building patterns. An audio stream of arbitrary length is then synthesized using a sequence of extracted building patterns. The patterns can be varied in the synthesis process to add variations to the generated sound to avoid simple repetition. Audio textures are useful in applications such as background music, lullabies, game music, and screen saver sounds. We also extend this idea to audio texture restoration, or constrained audio texture synthesis for restoring the missing part in an audio clip. It is also useful in many applications such as error concealment for audio/music delivery with packets loss on the Internet. Novel methods are proposed for unconstrained and constrained audio texture synthesis. Preliminary results are provided for evaluation.

Performance of Robust RA Estimator for Bidimensional Autoregressive Models

The additive AR-2D model has been successfully related to the modeling of satelital images both optic and of radar of synthetic opening. Having in mind the errors that are produced in the process of captation and quantification of the image, an interesting subject, is the robust estimation of the parameters in this model. Besides the robust methods in image models are also applied in some important image processing situations such as segmentation by texture and image restoration in the presence of outliers. This paper is concerned with the development and performance of the robust RA estimator proposed by Ojeda (1998) for the estimation of parameters in contaminated AR-2D models. Here, we implement this estimator and we show by simulation study that it has a better performance than the classic least square estimator and the robust M and GM estimators in an additive outlier contaminated image model.

Aesthetic Restoration of the Severely Disfigured Face in Burn Victims

Although highly specialized burn centers have significantly reduced mortality rates following extensive total body surface area burns, survivors are often left with grotesque facial disfigurement. The strategy of modern facial restoration emphasizes enhancement of aesthetic appearance as significantly as mitigation of functional impairment. Criteria for success are (1) an undistracted "normal" look at conversational distance, (2) facial balance and symmetry, (3) distinct aesthetic units fused by inconspicuous scars, (4) "doughy" skin texture appropriate for corrective makeup, and (5) dynamic facial expression. Since 1985, the author has successfully restored 17 severely disfigured burned faces by replacement of entire aesthetic units with microvascular "prepatterned" composite flaps blended into the facial canvas by cosmetic camouflage techniques. The series includes hemiface (2), neck/jaw (5), chin/lower lip (3), cheek/malar (5), peri-orbital (2), nose (3), upper lip (4), and ear reconstructions (4). Flaps represented are free preauricular (1), radial forearm (6), ulnar forearm (1), free scapular (6), ilio-osteocutaneous (2), temporoparietal (8), vascularized forehead island (3), supraclavicular (1), and SMAS (1). Important to outcome is extensive initial intraoperative "sculpting" to simulate normal planes and contours. Seams are placed at junctions of facial components. Three-dimensional imaging is used to assess architectural asymmetries, and bone grafts are aided by computer-generated acrylic models. Adjunctive procedures include tensor fasciae latae slings, intraoperative tissue expansion, suction-assisted lipectomy, and scar management. After restoration of facial form and texture, flesh color make-up and/or tattooing of beard, lips, scars, eyebrows, etc., aid to hide scars and pigment the skin to harmonize with the rest of the face. In all cases, facial integrity has been aesthetically restored and, in most instances, with makeup, is near normal in social settings at conversational distances. Facial animation is retained and color matches are excellent. One flap was lost early in the series.

The effect of cold deformation on the structure, texture and properties of yttrium high temperature superconducting powders and strips

Cold deformation of YBa 2Cu 3O 7 − x (phase 123, T c = 88.5–92 K) powders and strips causes partial decomposition of the 123 phase, a reduction in the degree of orthorhombicity of the structure up to almost complete degradation, and a decrease in T c . When they are deformed, yttrium high temperature superconductors acquire basal (001) [110] texture with high pole density (13–15 arbitrary units), low scattering angle (±6°–7° from the normal direction), and a weak preference for a, b or a + b in the rolling direction; traces of (139) orientations may also be found. This texture is known to be favourable for increasing j k . The combined effect of cold deformation and a carbon-containing binder leads, however, to a complete loss of superconductivity at 77 K or above. Depending on the regime of subsequent annealing, the following effects may be observed: degradation of the orthorhombic structure with a decrease in T c ; restoration of the orthorhombic structure and T c of the 123 phase with complete or substantial loss of basal-type texture; change in texture type or retention of the basal texture ( p α = 0 (005) = 6–7 arbitrary units) with restoration of the orthorhombic lattice and T c of the 123 phase. The appearance of a set of orientations from (139) to (001) in the deformation texture is evidence for the process of recrystallization grain growth. This suggests the appearance of plastic deformation of the ceramics (most probably of the shear type). With long annealing and thermocycling, the basal texture changes in accordance with the theory of compromise recrystallization grain growth up to the restoration of basal texture.