Texture Composition Research Articles

Electrical properties as a tool for oil and gas exploration: A case study of Wadi Saal, east Central Sinai, Egypt

Abstract Some rock samples (39) have been obtained from Wadi Saal, East Central Sinai, Egypt, for studying electrical, petrographical, and petrophysical parameters. The petrographal analysis shows two major facies. Carbonate (limestone) facies with low porosity (11%) and permeability (69 mD), and sandstone facies with high porosity (28%) and permeability (5901 mD) indicate good reservoir characteristics. Porosity values are related to the bulk density, whereas permeability is controlled by rock porosity and irreducible water saturation. Alternating current (AC) electrical properties were measured with frequency (42 Hz–5 MHz) for samples. Electrical characteristic differences are affected with texture changes, mineralogy, porosity, tortuosity, pore-water salinity, mineral concentrations, permeability, and fluid content. Conductivity and impedance decrease whenever an insulator is existed. The dielectric constant increases with conductor composition (below the percolation) and falls with frequency beyond it. The conductivity expands with the number of conductor pathways connecting the electrodes. The primary objective of this work is to use laboratory AC electrical measurements to shed some light on the relationship between the texture, petrography, petrophysics, and geochemical composition of materials (sandstone and limestone). The goal is to study electrical properties of these mixtures at varying clay concentrations and saturation levels. These analyses could enhance oil and gas recovery by shedding light on reservoir rock electrical characteristics.

Effect of olive leaf extract on the quality of Cantal cheese

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of olive leaf extract (OLE) on the quality of Cantal cheese. The cheeses were fortified with different concentrations (Control, 1, 2, and 3 %) of OLE and analysed for quality during storage. The cheeses were evaluated on days 1, 28, and 63 for physicochemical, compositional, textural, rheological parameters, colour, microbiological analysis, and antioxidant activity. The MIR and fluorescence spectroscopies were used to study the changes in the cheese structure. A positive impact of OLE was observed on the antioxidant capacity. A mild inhibitory effect was observed against some beneficial bacteria (such as Lactococcus and Lactobacillus), while a strong inhibitory effect was found against pathogen microorganisms. No negative impact was found on the texture and chemical composition. Significant colour and structural changes were observed. The results indicate the potential of OLE to be used as bioactive ingredient to improve the quality of cheese.

Highly selective extraction of gold from wasted random-access memory using a hybrid nanocomposite: Statistical, DFT, and machine learning modeling

This study successfully developed an advanced protocol for recovering gold (Au(III)) from spent random-access memory (RAM) utilizing a mesoporous FeNi2S4 integrated with g-C3N4 nanosheets. The innovative design of this hybrid material proved essential for achieving high efficiency and selectivity in adsorbing Au(III) ions from RAM. Extensive characterization of the g-C3N4 nanosheets and the FeNi2S4@g-C3N4 nanocomposite, covering physicochemical, textural, structural, morphology, and elemental composition, revealed that the strategic incorporation of FeNi2S4 significantly enhanced the composite's adsorption capabilities. The mesoporous FeNi2S4@g-C3N4 composite demonstrated superior performance, with an adsorption capacity of 203.12mg/g at an optimal pH of 2, and retained its high efficiency across more than 10 adsorption-desorption cycles. Furthermore, FeNi2S4@g-C3N4 exhibited strong resistance to interference ions, maintaining over 96% selectivity for Au(III) trapping. Gradient Boosting and Extra Trees models were instrumental in accurately predicting and optimizing the Au(III) adsorption process. The adsorption mechanism was clarified through zeta potential and DFT measurements, identifying strong chemisorption interaction between Au(III) and FeNi2S4@g-C3N4 sorbent. The study concludes that the FeNi2S4@g-C3N4 nanocomposite is an efficient and reusable material for selectively extracting Au(III) from RAM, providing a sustainable and scalable method for recovering valuable metals from complex waste streams, as supported by thorough experimental and computational evidence.

Dielectric Studies of Soil at Various Microwave Frequencies

Abstract: Dielectric constant (real and imaginary parts) of moist soils is calculated at microwave frequency with an empirical model. The model equation is generated by curve fitting experimental data with second order polynomial expression. Two types of sandy loam samples are used to estimation of dielectric constant at frequencies range from 4.0 GHz to 18.0 GHZ. Both soil samples (sandy loam) are differentiated according to their textural composition. The real part of dielectric constant is negatively corelated with microwave frequency while imaginary parts of soil increase as frequency increases.

Impact of Cooking on Tuber Color, Texture, and Metabolites in Different Potato Varieties.

Potatoes are a globally important crop with high nutritional value. Different potato varieties display notable variations in color, texture, and nutrient composition. However, the influence of cooking on tuber color, texture, and metabolites has not been comprehensively explored. This study evaluated the color and texture of five potato varieties before and after cooking. Cooking significantly altered tuber color, decreased hardness and adhesiveness, and increased springiness, particularly after steaming. The metabolomic analysis of Zhongshu 49 (ZS49) and Shishu 3 (SH3) tubers was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-MS/MS. GC-MS identified 122 volatile metabolites, with 42 significantly varying between cooking treatments, while UHPLC-MS/MS detected 755 nonvolatile metabolites, 445 of which showed significant differences. Compared to ZS49, SH3 exhibited a marked increase in umami- and flavor-related metabolites, especially after cooking. This study provides new insights into how cooking affects the quality, texture, and metabolite profiles of potato tubers.

Effects of Red Vinasse on Physicochemical Qualities of Blue Round Scad (Decapterus maruadsi) During Storage, and Shelf Life Prediction.

A fish processed with red vinasse is a type of Fujian cuisine with regional characteristics. In order to monitor the effect of red vinasse on storage quality and shelf life of blue round scad (Decapterus maruadsi) during storage, the changes in fat content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), pH value, texture, and sensory quality were studied at different storage temperatures (4 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C). By analyzing the correlation between changes in sensory qualities and physical and chemical indexes, a first-order kinetic model and the Arrhenius equation were used to build a shelf-life prediction model for blue round scad during storage. The results showed that processing with red vinasse can significantly reduce the malondialdehyde (MDA) production and the decrease in PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (p < 0.05) during storage. Based on partial least squares regression (PLSR), the storage temperature and time have a significant impact on the PUFA composition in blue round scad, which changed less when the samples were stored at 4 °C and 25 °C, and they had better nutritional composition of fatty acids at lower temperatures. Among the PUFAs, DHA (C22:6n-3) and EPA (C20:5n-3) had higher relative contents and significantly decreased during storage (p < 0.05). Additionally, the processing with red vinasse can slow down the increase in total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) value and pH of blue round scad, maintain the appropriate hardness, elasticity, cohesion and chewability, and improve the overall sensory quality of the fish. In addition, according to the results of model prediction based on TBARS value, the storage shelf life of blue round scad with red vinasse added was 55 d, 2.7 d and 28 h at 4 °C, 25 °C and 37 °C, respectively. The accuracy of the forecast model was high, and the relative errors of the measured values and predicted values were less than 10%. Thus, it not only provided a theoretical basis for the processing and application of red vinasse to Chinese traditional food, but also provided innovative ideas for the safe storage and high-value utilization of blue round scad.

Effects of TiB2 particles on deformation behavior, softening mechanisms and recrystallization texture of hot-compressed Fe-TiB2 composites

Fe-TiB2 composites, also termed as high modulus steel, offer a promising solution to the challenge of achieving both lightweight and high stiffness materials. However, the presence of TiB2 particles in Fe-TiB2 composites results in poor hot-workability. Therefore, understanding the effects of TiB2 particles on the hot deformation behavior, dynamic recrystallization (DRX), and microstructural evolution of Fe-TiB2 composites is crucial for optimizing their hot-working process. In this study, we elucidated the effects of TiB2 particles on deformation behavior and dynamic softening behavior by conducting a series of isothermal compression tests on as-cast Fe-TiB2 composites and as-cast base alloys (control group) at temperatures of 800–1200 °C, strains of 0.36–1.2, and strain rates of 0.01–1 s⁻1. Using electron backscatter diffraction, we characterized the microstructures of composites and base alloys, showing that TiB2 particles induce a DRX process through particle stimulated nucleation (PSN) at low temperatures and promote continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) at high temperatures. The presence of TiB2 particles have significantly affected the dislocation movement and distribution, which changes the deformation energy distribution and thus facilitates different DRX behaviors under various thermal deformation conditions. Additionally, the microstructure resulting from DRX through PSN exhibits significant texture weakening and grain refinement, presenting a promising method for fabricating ultrafine-grained Fe-TiB2 composites.

Boosting ciprofloxacin and indigo carmine dye photodegradation using S-scheme plate-like BiOI@sulfated TiO2 heterojunctions: An understanding of the performance, the degradation route, and DFT computation

Sustainable BiOI/sulfated TiO2 nanocomposites were created for the present study utilizing the environmentally friendly dispersion-ultrasonication technique. Then, their ability to degrade the medication ciprofloxacin (CIP) and indigo carmine coloring (IC) in aquatic water was evaluated. The optimized catalyst 10%BiOI/ST, denoted as 10BOST together with 5BOST, is subjected to thorough characterization together with that of sulfate-free TiO2 (10BOT) to assess their physiochemical, morphological, textural, structural, and elemental composition properties. It is noteworthy that the 10BOST composite achieves remarkable degradation and performs exceptionally well in photocatalytic IC and CIP degradation. In 35 min, it degrades IC to 100%, with a rate constant of 0.066 min−1, which is superior to that of 10BOT (0.054 min−1) in the incidence of visible light and without an oxidizing agent. In CIP, 10BOST yields 85.6% degradation with a rate constant of 0.027 min−1 preceding 0.024 min−1 for 10BOT when potassium persulfate oxidizing agent is present. This exceptional performance is ascribed to the composite's diminished particle diameter, largest pore radius, hydrophilicity, improved light absorption, and the developed heterojunction between ST and BiOI, as demonstrated by XPS, TEM, XRD, EDX and IR data. The effect of sulfation concentration, pH, Ti3+/Ti4+ ratio, and pollutant concentration were studied together with the active species determinations, which revealed that active radicals like SO4•−, •OH, and h+ were well participated in the pollutant's decomposition. Testing for toxicity shows that during CIP breakdown, innocuous hazardous intermediates evolve with a notable 70% mineralization rate in their TOC. Furthermore, 10BOST showed strong stability and reusability. Using DFT simulations, profound insights into the principles underlying the adsorption sites of pollutants, their chemical reactivity, and the arrangement of their electrical charges, and how these factors affect the reaction mechanism on BOST photocatalysts.

Multistage magmatic and post-magmatic evolution of the Neoarchaean Closepet Batholith of Dharwar Craton in southern India - insights from the texture and chemical composition of titanite

Titanite is often used to describe the path of igneous, metamorphic, and hydrothermal processes. Therefore, titanite can unravel the multistage magmatic and post-magmatic evolution of granitoids. In this study, we present a comprehensive study of the ca. 2.57–2.51 Ga Closepet Batholith in the Dharwar Craton of southern India using titanite. This granitoid body provides a unique opportunity as various structural levels of the batholith are continuously outcropping. The textural and geochemical studies of titanite, supported by UPb isotopic dating, allowed us to distinguish five generations of magmatic and hydrothermal titanite. Three types of magmatic titanite demonstrate stage-growth crystallization (type I) and a change from reduced, high-temperature (type II) to oxidised, low-temperature conditions (type III). Hydrothermal titanite is recorded as altered titanite with zoned to patchy textures and secondary fractures and veinlets (type IV) and titanite inclusions within biotite (type V). Hydrothermal titanite (type IV) shows depletion in rare earth elements and high-field strength elements, indicating mobilization of those elements by a fluid. UPb dating by LA-ICP-MS of magmatic titanite type I yielded ages of ca. 2.5 Ga, consistent with the timing of formation of the Closepet Batholith. The relationship between titanite textures and chemistry indicates that titanite serves as a recorder of the multistage magmatic and post-magmatic evolution of the Closepet Batholith. In addition, our study shows that hydrothermal activity affected a large area, with fluids circulating over long distances within the upper structural levels of the Closepet Batholith.

Organoclays from acid-base activated vermiculites for oil-water mixture separations

Oily wastewater discharge causes severe environmental pollution and resource waste, requiring the development of low-cost adsorbents with good hydrophobicity. This study presents the preparation and use of a novel highly hydrophobic adsorbent based on natural vermiculite clay minerals to separate free/emulsified oil-water mixtures. Vermiculite was first activated with sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide to increase its adsorption capacity and surface area. The sample was then modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to change the wetting properties from hydrophilic to hydrophobic and increase oil adsorption. XRD, XRF, FESEM, BET, FTIR, and zeta potential analyses were carried out to determine changes in texture, morphology, and chemical composition of vermiculite affected by acid, base and acid-base activation. According to the results, the acid-base activation process was selected for vermiculite treatment before CTAB modification, which demonstrated a high oil adsorption selectivity (1910.6 %) compared to raw vermiculite (44.14 %). Effect of CTAB concentration on vermiculite's wetting properties was studied. The results confirmed that the acid-base activated sample modified at 0.9 mmol.L−1 near the critical micelle concentration of CTAB exhibited highly hydrophobic properties (water contact angle of 148° ± 1°). For oil-in-water emulsions, the treated adsorbent demonstrated a high oil removal efficiency of 96 ± 2 %. Additionally, a packed layer of highly hydrophobic vermiculite was applied for free heavy/light oil-water mixture and water-in-oil emulsion separation. The performance test for separation of free oil-water mixture and water-in-oil emulsion showed high separation efficiency (all above 90 %). The reusability of highly hydrophobic vermiculite as well as the effect of oil type, the thickness of the adsorbent layer, and the height of the water phase on separation performance were also investigated.

Определение литологического состава осадочных пород для построения объемной модели по данным ГИС

The features of the lithological composition of productive sediments and their consideration in the petrophysical modeling of a volumetric model based on a GIS complex are considered. It is noted that on the basis of X-ray spectral and granulometric analysis, it is possible to obtain reliable information about the structure, texture, component and mineral composition in order to clarify the petrophysical characteristics of the rocks under study. Using the example of two hydrocarbon deposits “K” and “N” the results of determining the lithological composition of sedimentary rocks from core from different age terrigenous deposits are discussed in order to build a petrophysical model of the entire well section, taking into account the areas of lack of information from direct studies (sludge and core). Electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis are used to study finely dispersed (clay, siliceous, carbonate, etc.) rocks, which are especially important for accurate diagnosis of the mineral composition of rocks. In addition to the features of the geological structure of the deposit, the quantity and quality of the initial information largely determine the methods of constructing the model and the results obtained. The results of X-ray spectral analysis made it possible to determine the composition of chemical elements and the amount of each element in the sample. Information about the mineral composition of rocks and the lithological differences identified at the first stage are distributed to the part of the section where there is no or insufficient information on the core or sludge. The information obtained on the lithological composition of sediments gives the most complete picture of the geological structure of the section opened by the well and is further used as the basis of a volumetric model based on the data of geophysical surveys of GIS wells.

Impact of defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal on health, muscle texture, and intestinal microbiota in Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)

Defatted black soldier fly larvae meal is a highly promising substitute for fishmeal, with its impact on gut health and muscle quality in Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) being crucial for its further development and utilization. This study conducted an 8-week feeding trial to evaluate the effects of replacing fishmeal with defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (DBSFLM) on the growth, muscle texture, and gut health of P. vannamei. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated, with DBSFLM added at levels of 0 %, 4.12 %, 8.24 %, 12.36 %, 16.48 %, and 20.61 % to replace different proportions of fishmeal. The results showed that adding up to 20.61 % DBSFLM to replace 75 % of fishmeal did not significantly affect shrimp growth performance. The optimal inclusion level of DBSFLM is 4.12 % to 8.24 %, which not only reduces intestinal inflammation and enhances gut microbiota interactions but also improves muscle texture and flavor, while boosting immunity and antioxidant capacity. However, adding more than 16.48 % DBSFLM leads to intestinal inflammation and hepatocellular damage, and negatively affects muscle texture and amino acid composition. Overall, while adding up to 20.61 % DBSFLM (to replace 75 % of fishmeal) does not affect shrimp growth, an inclusion level of no more than 12.36 % (to replace 45 % of fishmeal) is recommended for optimal flavor and health.

Using plant-based hydrogel-oleogels to replace palm oil: impact on texture, sensory, and fatty acid composition of chocolate spreads

Using plant-based hydrogel-oleogels to replace palm oil: impact on texture, sensory, and fatty acid composition of chocolate spreads

A new microcoprolite assemblage from the Upper Triassic Tiki Formation of India: ichnotaxonomy, and producer association(s)

ABSTRACT We record the first occurrence of a microcoprolite assemblage from the Upper Triassic Tiki Formation, Son – Mahanadi Basin, India. The microcoprolite assemblage has been assigned to four new ichnotaxa namely Cylindrocopros gondwanensis igen. et isp. nov., Elliptocopros rewaensis igen. et isp. nov., Convolucopros shadolensis igen. et isp. nov., and Cylindribulbocopros triassicus igen. et isp. nov. based on their external morphology, internal texture, and geochemical composition. Geochemical techniques confirm the phosphatic nature of the microcoprolites recorded from the Tiki Formation. Taken together, the associated fauna and the morphological comparisons between previously known coprolites from the Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary sequences suggest that the Tiki microcoprolites were likely produced by carnivorous actinopterygians. The dentalites or biting traces observed on the external surface of the ichnotaxa recorded herein are the oldest records from the subcontinent. SEM analysis reveals the dominant presence of egg-like mineral spheres ‘microspherulites’, needle- and rod-shaped apatite crystals; however, the microcoprolites are devoid of biotic (floral and faunal) inclusions. Considering the abiotic crystals and geochemistry, we infer that the original faecal matter most likely underwent rapid precipitation during the early phase of mineralisation and had a very high potential for fossilisation.

Synthesis of high surface area mesoporous ZnAl2O4 with excellent photocatalytic activity for the photodegradation of Congo Red dye

The large-scale release by the textile and other industries of organic dyes into water courses degrades the aquatic environment and results in serious health problems for wildlife, humans, and domestic animals. The removal of such dyes from wastewater is therefore a pressing and important challenge. The efficient photocatalytic destruction of these dyes using sunlight is an elegant and attractive potential solution. In this work, mesoporous ZnAl2O4 nanomaterials were prepared with high specific surface area, high pore volume and uniform pore size distribution using a modified sol–gel synthetic protocol. BET analysis showed that the highest surface area achieved for ZnAl2O4 reached 344 m2/g. The texture, structure and chemical composition of these materials were further studied using XRD, FTIR, TEM, EDS, CHN and XPS analysis and zeta potential measurements. Band gap energies were obtained from UV/vis spectra and showed a strong decrease as particle size decreased, shifting absorption into the visible range for the finest materials and indicating the potential to improve the efficiency of photocatalysis under solar irradiation. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by studying the photodegradation of Congo Red dye and, for the best materials, showed that 99 % of the dye was degraded in only 30 mins. These results compared very favourably with those of previously reported studies. The degradation products of the Congo Red were further investigated using mass spectrometry and this detailed study confirmed that true photoinduced fragmentation of the dye molecule occurred rather than simple ‘photobleaching’.

Surface characterization of biochar from agricultural residues for environmental applications

Bio-waste materials banana (Musa ealbisiana) leaves, cassava (Manihot esculenta) peels, mango (Mangifera indica) leaves, plantain (Plantago lanceolata) leaves and peels were pyrolyzed at different temperatures; 300, 400, 450, 500 and 600 oC using a muffle furnace. The biochar samples obtained were characterized and properties evaluated for their potential application in soil for agronomic and environmental benefits. The measured physico-chemical properties; pH, bulk density, percentage yield and electrical conductivity varied with temperature of pyrolysis and somewhat with the source of the bio-waste. Surface morphology and elemental composition were determined from Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements and showed variations in texture, porosity and elemental composition with pyrolysis temperature. The produced biochar yields were in the range 16.1 to 84.6% and highest for banana leaves (BL) pyrolysed at 300 oC. The scanned images showed a remarkable surface morphology for all the biochar samples obtained at temperatures ≥ 450 oC. The pH obtained indicate the alkaline nature of the biochars with mean values &gt; 7.5 except for cassava peels (CP) pyrolysed at 300 oC having a value of 5.5. From the elemental analysis, the high carbon content (&gt; 60%) at higher temperatures (&gt; 450 oC) of the biochars and the molar O/C ratios may suggest the suitability of the biochars in applications for long-term carbon sequestration and also promising candidates for soil amendment due to increase in macro porosity.

Unraveling the genesis of wolframite mineralization in the West Qinling Belt, China: Evidence from geochronology, geochemistry, and fluid inclusion study

The West Qinling Belt is a pivotal part of the Central China Orogenic Belt renowned for producing abundant Au-polymetallic deposits. Nonetheless, reports of wolframite mineralization within this region were absent. The Xuehuashan deposit is the premier documented quartz-vein type wolframite deposit in West Qinling, which has significant implications of W mineralizing potential in the West Qinling Belt. The ore bodies are predominantly composed of wolframite-quartz veins and/or veinlets which are proximal or within the Late Triassic Baijiazhuang granitoid. To elucidate the age and genesis of the Xuehuashan wolframite mineralization, we presented analyses of U-Pb dating and chemical composition on wolframite, fluid inclusion study, and hydrogen–oxygen isotopes on wolframite and quartz. The Xuehuashan wolframite U-Pb dating yielded an age of 213.0 ± 6.7 Ma, which is consistent with the age of the Baijiazhuang granitoid. The correlation among trace elements and the Y/Ho vs. Zr/Hf diagram suggests trace elements in wolframite were influenced by crystalline chemical factors and the geochemistry of parental ore-forming fluid. Homogeneous texture and stable chemical composition of wolframite, as well δD vs. δ18O isotopes, suggest a single magmatic fluid from the Baijiazhuang granitoid. Fluid inclusions in wolframite and quartz have high homogenization temperatures and varying salinities of 0.4 – 16.4 wt%, suggesting that intense decompression and fluid boiling during fracture open caused the wolframite precipitation. Compared with the Late Triassic granitoids in the Qinling Belt, the Baijiazhuang granitoid shows higher ratios of Rb/Sr and lower ratios of Zr/Hf, K/Rb, Nb/Ta, LREE/HREE, as well as negative Eu anomalies, which are consistent with the W-related highly evolved granitoids but distinct to W-barren granitoids. Hence, this study highlights W mineralization potential in the Qinling belt associated with the highly evolved Late Triassic granitoids.

Influence of coarse aggregates’ morphological characteristics on the pore structures of skeleton in porous asphalt mixture

Coarse aggregates play a significant role in configuring the pore structures in the porous asphalt mixture (PAM). This study aims to reveal the influence of coarse aggregates’ morphological characteristics on the pore features in the coarse aggregate skeleton (CAS) of PAM. To achieve this goal, X-ray CT and three-dimensional (3D) visualization reconstruction technology were utilized to acquire the 3D morphology of different kinds of coarse aggregates. Based on the morphology of real aggregate particles, a 3D simulation model of CAS was developed, and virtual scanning imaging technology was used to obtain the pore features in the CAS. The sensitive influence of coarse aggregate morphologies on the pore features was evaluated by GA-BP neural network. Results show that air void in the skeleton is most sensitive to the composite flat-elongated index and composite sphericity of 13.2mm aggregates, and composite sphericity of 9.5mm aggregates. The composite sphericity of 13.2mm aggregates, composite flat-elongated index and composite texture index of 9.5mm aggregates, composite flat-elongated index, composite angularity index, and composite texture index of 4.75mm aggregates are the high-sensitivity influencing factors to the fractal characteristic of pore structures.

Engineering Characteristics of Concrete Made from Daz Shrub Fibers and Iranshahr Daman River Sediments in the Southeast of Iran in Strengthening Structures Against Earthquakes

The purpose of the present research is the engineering characteristics of concrete made from Daz shrub fibers and Iranshahr Daman river sediments in the southeast of Iran in strengthening structures against earthquakes. Therefore, in order to determine the textural characteristics and composition of sediments of the Daman River, 15 samples of the sediments of this river were collected in separate bags, and then to study, the composition, texture and constituents of these sediments were made into thin sections. The laboratory was transferred. Statistical graphs and parameters of sediments were drawn to determine the average size, frequency and cumulative graphs. Examining the process of texture changes along the river, after drawing the relevant graphs of texture changes and the composition of sediment samples taken from Daman River, shows textural changes. Also, a comparison between single-stranded, two-stranded and three-stranded leaves of Daz shrub was used to increase the strength of concrete, and the results showed that the effect of concrete strength is by changing the number of leaves from one strand. It varied in three fields. The resistance of two strands of Daz leaves was 10.1 MPa, a single strand was 9.5 MPa, and a sample of cylindrical concrete consisting of three strands of Daz leaves was the least resistant, i.e. 5.1 MPa. Therefore, the highest resistance is related to the concrete made of two strands of leaves. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/pst.788

Discrimination of coal geographical origins through HS-GC-IMS assisted with machine learning algorithms in larceny case

The process of globalization and industrialization has resulted in a rise in the theft of coal and other related products, thereby becoming a focal point for forensic science. This situation has engendered an escalated demand for effective detection and monitoring technologies. The precise identification of coal trace evidence presents a challenge with current methods, owing to its minute quantity, fine texture, and intricate composition. In this study, we integrated machine learning with the identification of volatiles to accurately differentiate coal geographical origins through the application of headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS). The topographic distribution of volatiles in coals was visually depicted to elucidate the subtle distinctions through spectra and fingerprint analysis. Additionally, four supervised machine learning algorithms were developed to quantitatively predict the geographical origins of natural coals utilizing the HS-GC-IMS dataset, and these were subsequently compared with unsupervised models. Remarkable volatile compounds were identified through the quantitative analysis and optimal Random Forest model, which offered a rapid readout and achieved an average accuracy of 100 % in coal identification. Our findings indicate that the integration of HS-GC-IMS and machine learning is anticipated to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of coal geographical traceability, thereby providing a foundation for litigation and trials.