Texture Match Research Articles

Reconstruction of facial defects using a pre-expanded scalp flap: A description of the method used and outcomes of 43 patients.

BackgroundA technique for reconstructing facial units with matching colour, similar texture and sufficient contour is ideal for patients with various facial defects. The current report aimed to present the experience of the authors in facial reconstruction using pre-expanded scalp flaps combined with laser hair removal.MethodsFrom January 2014 to August 2021, 43 patients with different facial defects, such as post-burn scar and congenital nevus, were treated using this surgical technique that involved tissue expansion, scalp flap transfer and laser hair removal. Facial defects were artificially classified into three regions (forehead, n = 19; cheek, n = 15; and lips and chin, n = 9). Pedicle delaying and division were performed in patients who underwent reconstruction with pedicled flaps.ResultsOf the included patients, one presented with haematoma, one with infection and three had distal necrosis after expanded scalp flap transfer. The donor site was primarily closed in all patients. Further, all patients were successfully treated without major complications. The texture, colour and contour of the scalp flap after laser hair removal matched well with the surrounding skin tissues at 2–30-month follow-up.ConclusionReconstruction using pre-expanded scalp flaps combined with laser hair removal is an effective and reliable option for facial reconstruction with excellent colour and texture match.

Application of Intelligent Image Matching and Visual Communication in Brand Design.

In this paper, from the perspective of improving the visual communication of brand design, image texture intelligent matching processing is needed, proposing a brand design texture intelligent matching method based on visual communication, constructing a brand design texture intelligent information acquisition model under visual communication, using automatic image imaging technology for texture imaging and feature segmentation of brand design, and extracting typical brand design and ethnic design language of texture histogram, texture segmentation, and automatic matching under visual communication according to histogram distribution, brand design texture information enhancement and optimization detection by regularized feature fusion method, extraction of edge contour feature points of brand design, and texture matching with the extracted edge contour feature points of decorative patterns as input statistics. The adaptive performance of texture matching for a brand design using this method is better, and the texture discrimination ability is stronger, which improves the application research of better reflecting brand design in modern visual communication design and promotes the innovative combination of traditional cultural elements and modern design.

A fully coupled crystal plasticity-cellular automata model for predicting thermomechanical response with dynamic recrystallization in AISI 304LN stainless steel

A microstructure-based multiscale framework was developed to physically correlate the microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior of AISI 304LN stainless steel during the thermomechanical process. The developed model couples a crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) to simulate heterogeneous deformation and a probabilistic cellular automata (CA) approach with a dynamic recrystallization (DRX) model to simulate microstructure evolution. Specifically, the CA model was built with formulations with physical meaning and combined with CPFEM by updating algorithms with higher robustness. The developed model was validated by comparing it with the experimental results of AISI 304LN stainless steel under thermo-mechanical processing at various temperatures and strain rates. The predicted flow stresses, grain sizes, DRX volume fraction, and deformed texture match well with the experimental data. Additionally, the developed model can simulate microstructure evolution by the DRX process, whereby the evolutions of recrystallized grains and pole figures can be examined. Moreover, the mechanical responses during the nucleation and growth of recrystallized grains can be characterized by in-depth quantitative analysis considering grain-level deformation inhomogeneity.

AUTOMATIC ENRICHMENT OF INDOOR 3D MODELS USING A DEEP LEARNING APPROACH BASED ON SINGLE IMAGES WITH UNKNOWN CAMERA POSES

Abstract. 3D building modeling is a diverse field of research with a multitude of challenges, where data integration is an inherent component. The intensively growing market of BIM-related consumer applications requires methods and algorithms that enable efficient updates of existing 3D models without the need for cost-intensive data capturing and repetitive reconstruction processes. We propose a novel approach for semantic enrichment of existing indoor models by window objects, based on amateur camera RGB images with unknown exterior orientation parameters. The core idea of the approach is the parallel estimation of image camera poses with semantic recognition of target objects and their automatic mapping onto a 3D vector model. The presented solution goes beyond pure texture matching and links deep learning detection techniques with camera pose estimation and 3D reconstruction. To evaluate the performance of our procedure, we compare the estimated camera parameters with reference data, obtaining median values of 13.8 cm for the camera position and 1.1° for its orientation. Furthermore, a quality of 3D mapping is assessed based on the comparison to the reference 3D point cloud. All the windows presented in the data source were detected successfully, with a mean distance between both point sets equal to 3.6 cm. The experimental results prove that the presented approach achieves accurate integration of objects extracted from single images with an input 3D model, allowing for an effective increase of its semantic coverage.

Design of Artistic Creation Style Extraction Model Based on Color Feature Data

In order to improve the style extraction and extraction ability of works of art, a color extraction method based on color features is proposed. The color feature extraction method is used to extract the style of visual works of art. The color feature region of works of art is segmented combined with a sparse scattered point reorganization method. Texture tracking and matching method is used for information fusion of works of art, combined with corner detection, three-dimensional edge contour feature detection method to realize texture filling and automatic rendering of art color extraction to improve art graphics’ color visual feature expression ability. The color feature data method is used for visual feature sampling and equalizing works of art. According to the equilibrium configuration results, the fuzzy clustering method is used to extract the color style of works of art to improve the style extraction and extraction identification ability of works of art. The simulation results show that this method has high accuracy in color extraction of works of art. It has a good effect on the extraction of art creation style and improves the ability of three-dimensional extraction and automatic extraction of art.

Study of management of postburn flexion contracture of finger by glabrous versus nonglabrous split skin graft

Aims and Objectives: This prospective study was designed to determine the outcome of split-thickness glabellar and nonglabellar skin graft for the coverage of defects on palmar aspect of hand after release of postburn contracture in terms of graft take, complications, recurrence, and patient satisfaction for color and texture match. Materials and Methods: This prospective comparative study was carried out on patients from December 2018 to December 2020. Fifty patients were randomly divided into two groups by simple randomization method. Group A was offered treatment with split-thickness graft from glabellar region and other Group B was offered treatment with split-thickness graft from nonglabellar skin. Frequencies and percentages of both recipient and donor sites complications such as infection, hypertrophic scarring on the Vancouver scar assessment scale, recurrence, and difficulty in walking were noted. Patient satisfaction for colour and texture match to neighboring skin at recipient site were assessed 3 months after the operation using five points Likert scale. Results: At follow-up of the Group A, the donor areas were completely healed in all the cases 100%. The grafted area showed excellent color and texture match with the adjacent palmer skin. The graft was mobile, stable and without any pigmentation. There was also no hypertrophic scarring, hyperpigmentation or pain at the donor site as compared to ordinary skin graft. Walking and weight bearing were smooth and the instep curvature appeared normal. In Group B, 100% of patients had hyperpigmentation, 20% had marginal scarring and scar hypertrophy at hand. While 40% had scar hypertrophy at 80% had hyperpigmentation over the donor site. Recurrence was noted in 32% of patients in Group B as compared to 8% in Group A. Conclusions: Glabellar skin of the instep is the best replacement for the palmar skin of the digits and hand because of the similarities in their characteristics. Results are excellent in terms of color and texture match, no hyperpigmentation, less marginal scarring, scar hypertrophy, and less recurrence of contracture in patients with area grafted with glabellar skin. Donor site morbidity is very low and hardly any donor site scar is visible. So in conclusion for the management of postburn flexion contracture of the finger. An ideal skin substitute is glabellar skin grafts from the instep region of foot.

Advancement flaps

Local advancement flaps are a key tool in the armamentarium of the reconstructive surgeon. They can be used to repair small and large defects on all areas of the face with excellent skin color and texture match, limited donor site morbidity, and flexibility to hide scars. In this review, we outline common categories of advancement flaps and discuss common situations for their use.

Wavelet-Based Texture Reformation Network for Image Super-Resolution.

Most reference-based image super-resolution (RefSR) methods directly leverage the raw features extracted from a pretrained VGG encoder to transfer the matched texture information from a reference image to a low-resolution image. We argue that simply operating on these raw features neglects the influence of irrelevant and redundant information and the importance of abundant high-frequency representations, leading to undesirable texture matching and transfer results. Taking the advantages of wavelet transformation, which represents the contextual and textural information of features at different scales, we propose a Wavelet-based Texture Reformation Network (WTRN) for RefSR. We first decompose the extracted texture features into low-frequency and high-frequency sub-bands and conduct feature matching on the low-frequency component. Based on the correlation map obtained from the feature matching process, we then separately swap and transfer wavelet-domain features at different stages of the network. Furthermore, a wavelet-based texture adversarial loss is proposed to make the network generate more visually plausible textures. Experiments on four benchmark datasets demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms previous RefSR methods both quantitatively and qualitatively. The source code is available at https://github.com/zskuang58/WTRN-TIP.

Small object detection in remote sensing images based on super-resolution

Accurate objects detection in remote sensing images is very important, because security, transportation, and rescue applications in military and civilian fields require fully analyzing and using these images. To address the problem that many small-sized objects in remote sensing images are difficult to detect, this paper proposes an improved S2ANET-SR model based on S2A-NET network. In this paper, the original and reduced image are fed to the detection network at the same time, and then a super-resolution enhancement module for the reduced image is designed to enhance the feature extraction of small objects, after that, the perceptual loss and texture matching loss is proposed as supervision. Extensional experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance on the general remote sensing dataset DOTA, and the results show that our proposed method can achieve 74.47% mAP, which is 0.79% better than the accuracy of S2A-NET.

Skin and composite grafts

Skin grafts may be used for coverage of facial defects in situations in which alternative methods of reconstruction, such as local flaps, are not an option. They may also be beneficial for patients who wish to avoid or who are not good candidates for more complex reconstruction. Full-thickness skin grafts often have a better color and texture match to adjacent skin when compared to split-thickness grafts; however, split-thickness grafts have lower metabolic demand and increased survival rate. Composite grafts may be very useful in the repair of defects with unique contour and support requirements, such as the nasal ala and eyelid. With all grafts, thoughtful planning and sound surgical technique are critical in achieving the best possible functional and aesthetic result.

Reconstruction of Post-Burn Flexion Contractures of the Knee Joint with Perforator plus Fasciocutaneous Flaps

A post-burn flexion contracture of the knee joint is a disabling condition which interferes with an upright posture and a bipedal locomotion. Islanded perforator flaps have been used to resurface the tissue defect which is produced as a result of the contracture release. Despite their various advantages, they are limited by an increased tendency to undergo venous congestion. Perforator-plus flaps can be used to overcome this limitation, while retaining the merits of the islanded perforator flaps.Fifty four patients with post flame burn flexion contractures of the knee joints underwent surgical releases and coverages by various local fasciocutaneous perforator-plus flaps. The patients were followed up for 6 months and the various aspects of the functional and the aesthetic rehabilitations were assessed. All the local fasciocutaneous perforator-plus flaps resurfaced the tissue defect over popliteal fossa with good colour and texture match and maintenance of the contour. None of the flaps had any significant early or delayed complications which necessitated reoperations. All the patients were satisfied with the functional and aesthetic outcomes. Local fasciocutaneous perforator-plus flaps can be considered as one of the primary treatment modalities for the surgical release and reconstruction of post burn flexion contractures of the knee.

“A Retrospective Comparative Study between Muscle Flaps and Fasciocutaneous Flaps in Reconstruction of chronic Osteomyelitis Related Wounds of the lower limb in the adult population”

Introduction: Chronic osteomyelitis cases are challenging, as they require a multidisciplinary approach for reconstructive soft tissue coverage and orthopedic management. Proper debridement, stable coverage and effective antibiotic therapy are mandatory before application of flap coverage.Patients and methods: We performed a retrospective comparative study between muscle and fasciocutaneous flaps used for coverage of chronic osteomyelitis related wounds of the lower limb. It included thirty patients who finished a 12 months of follow up to assess the complications rate and the outcome of surgery. Color match, texture match and aesthetic satisfaction were compared between the 2 groups.Results: Thirty-one flaps including six free flaps and twenty-five local flaps were used to treat these cases. Complications included fluid collections in one case, sinus formation in two 2 cases, partial flap loss in one case. These complications were managed by prolonged antibiotic therapy and dressing changes. Cases in group B had higher scores (mean: 9.5 +/- 1.34) in comparison with cases in group A (mean: 7.25+/- 1.29). Yet, there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups (P-value: 0.27).Conclusion: A multidisciplinary team is needed for management of cases with chronic osteomyelitis related wounds. Flap coverage can be achieved with either muscular or fasciocutaneous flaps with comparable successful rates.

A small-spot deformation camouflage design algorithm based on background texture matching

In order to solve the problem of poor fusion between the spots of deformation camouflage and the background, a small-spot deformation camouflage design algorithm based on background texture matching is proposed in this research. The combination of spots and textures improved the fusion of the spot pattern and the background. An adversarial autoencoder convolutional network was designed to extract background texture features. The image adversarial loss was added and the reconstruction loss was improved to improve the clarity of the generated texture pattern and the generalization ability of the model. The digital camouflage was formed by obtaining the mean value of the square area and replacing the main color. At the same time, the spots in the square area with a side length of 2 s were subjected to simple linear iterative clustering to form irregular small-spot camouflage. A dataset with a scale of 1050 was established in the experiment. The training results of three different loss functions were investigated. The results showed that the proposed loss function could enhance the generalization of the model and improve the quality of the generated texture image. A variety of digital camouflages with main colors and irregular small-spot camouflage were generated, and their efficiency was tested. On the one hand, intuitive evaluation was given by personnel observing the camouflage pattern embedded in the background and its contour map calculated by the canny operator. On the other hand, objective comparison result was formed by calculating the 4 evaluation indexes between the camouflage pattern and the background. Both results showed that the generated pattern had a high degree of fusion with the background. This model could balance the relationship between the spot size, the number of main colors and the actual effect according to actual needs.

Functional and Aesthetic Outcome of Reconstructive Surgery for Contracted Neck Scars

ABSTRACTBackground: Contracted scars of the neck involving the anterior cervical zone constitute a unique group of challenges compared with post-burn complications in other parts of the body. Many techniques have been advocated for reconstructing neck contractures.Purpose: To determine and recommend the ideal skin cover for neck contracture release defects with regard to both functional and cosmetic outcomes.Methods: A prospective and retrospective cohort study included 20 patients with various degrees of contracted scars of the neck. After releasing contracture band and resection of the unfavorable scarred tissue, remaining defects were surgically reconstructed using multiple Z-Plasties, STSGs, FTSGs and supraclavicular artery island flap with or without prior usage of a tissue expander.Results: Excision and flap group have a higher significant functional outcome than excision with graft and Multiple Z-Plasty groups (p= 0.031). Also, excision and flap have a lower non-significant Vancouver scar scale than other reconstruction methods without significant differences between groups. Excision and flap group have higher Patient Satisfaction score than Excision and graft and Multiple Z-Plasty groups without significant differences between groups.Conclusion: Local and regional flaps especially the supraclavicular artery island flap provide a predictable reconstruction option not only with better color and texture match but also achieves a superior functional outcome.Approval from the Research Ethics Committee in Benha Faculty of Medicine was granted and a fully informed written consents were taken from all patients regarding surgical procedure, photographing, possible complications and follow-up period.Keywords: Post-burn contracture – Contracted neck scar – Neck contracture reconstruction – Supraclavicular flap – Tissue expansion.

Cervico-facial flap: a versatile option among various reconstructive options for skin defects in parotid surgery-our experience in a tertiary care center

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Cutaneous defects of the cheek and external ear present a reconstructive challenge. Even when free flap reconstructions and tissue transfer are commonly proposed, fewer patients with these malignancies are candidates for lengthy reconstructive surgery. The cost effectiveness, time consumption, long waiting period of head and neck malignancy patients and less availability of reconstruction teams in developing countries like India, are challenging factors.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In our study, retrospectively 46 cases operated for parotid neoplasm were identified and the operative reports were reviewed from September 2018 to April 2021. Data on patient demographics, pathological diagnosis, defect type, type of flap used, co-morbid disease, and smoking history was collected. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean defect size was 4×5 cm, however for defects larger than 4×4 cm and lesser than 7 cm a cervico-facial flap was used for reconstruction. The average time for surgery was 2 and a half hours extra for the free flap reconstruction. Post-operative wound complications were higher in free flap reconstruction. Partial/DTN was observed in 16% patients and necrosis that needed intervention- 6% of all patients. Patients with cervico-facial flap reconstruction had an excellent final functional and cosmetic result, with good skin color and texture match.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The cervico-facial flap is a versatile technique with excellent vascularity and good esthetic outcome, which should be utilized liberally in the reconstruction of facial defects, slight modifications in the flap harvesting and careful selection of patient can give excellent results in moderate defects after parotid surgeries, especially in a resource limited country like India.</p>

Excellency of Converse Scalping Forehead Flap for Reconstruction of External Nasal Soft-Tissue Defects

Introduction
 
 Reconstruction of external nasal defects poses a challenge for the plastic surgeons. The scalping forehead flap, first described by Converse in 1942 is a versatile technique for subtotal and total external nasal reconstruction. The flap is extremely reliable with robust vascularity and provides excellent colour and texture match for the external nose with minimal donor-site morbidity.
 
 Materials and Methods
 In this series, eleven patients with external nasal soft-tissue defects (post traumatic and post excisional) were reconstructed with scalping forehead flap; among them four presented with congenital naevus, three with post-traumatic external nasal defect, two presented with basal cell carcinoma, and two with arterio-venous malformation. The age of the patients ranged between 24 and 67 years; eight male and three female patients were included in this study. Among them three had comorbidities like diabetes mellitus and/ hypertension.
 Results
 All the flaps survived nicely. I didn’t face any complication in any of my patients. The external nasal defects were reconstructed with scalping forehead flap in two stages with an interval of three weeks in between.
 Conclusion
 The Converse scalping forehead flap is an excellent option in the armamentarium of plastic surgeons for subtotal and total nasal reconstruction because of its reliability, vascularity, and simplicity even in the era of microvascular free tissue transfer.

Arbitrary but predictive cues support attention to overlooked features

• Predictive cues increase attention to overlooked features in word learning. • Preschoolers trained with predictive cues successfully learned new words. • Results help explain the attentional mechanism behind novel word learning. As children learn words, they develop attentional biases that support word learning but are hard to overcome. Predictive contextual cues may help increase attention to non-biased, or overlooked, features. This study sought to direct 3-year-old children’s attention to texture, a feature typically overlooked when categorizing new words early in development. During training, half of the children learned novel shape (a biased feature) and texture (an overlooked feature) categories with predictive cues, and half of the children learned the same categories with non-predictive cues. Children were then tested in a categorization task with novel texture words. The cues were present at test in Experiment 1 ( N = 63) and absent in Experiment 2 ( N = 37). Children in the predictive cue condition consistently chose the texture match more often than children in the non-predictive cue condition. These results inform our understanding of the cognitive mechanisms that may contribute to word learning.

Use of Dorsal Nasal Flap in Combination With Nasolabial Perforator Propeller Flap for Reconstruction of Nasal Skin Defects of Medium to Large Size; A Simpler Alternative to Frontal Flap.

Nasal reconstruction is one of the most challenging procedures in plastic surgery. To get optimal aesthetic and functional results, the surgeon should know all the options well. Forehead flap is the gold standard technique for closure of medium to large defects of the nose. Although it provides a very good color and texture match, it may become a difficult option in patients with poor condition. The aim of this study was to define a simpler technique for nasal reconstruction using combined local flaps.Twelve patients, operated using a dorsal nasal flap combined with a nasolabial perforator propeller flap, were presented in the study. Properties of the patients, defect size and locations, and complications were evaluated.The mean size of the reconstructed defects was 10.1 cm2. No flap loss was observed. Venous congestion was the most common complication and resolved spontaneously in all cases. Two cases had partial distal necrosis, which also healed spontaneously.Closure was achieved successfully in all cases with a medium to large nasal defect using a combined dorsal nasal flap and nasolabial perforator propeller flap. This method can be used as an alternative to forehead flap.

Combination of Extended Paramedian Forehead Flap and Laser Hair Removal in the Reconstruction of Distal Nasal Defect.

The study sought to determine whether extended forehead flap by using part of the scalp combined with laser hair removal is a practical approach when repairing distal nasal defect. A retrospective study was conducted with 6 patients who underwent reconstruction of nasal defects with extended forehead flaps (including scalp combined with subsequent laser hair removal) at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital between June 2016 and December 2018. Surgical data collected included age, causes of defects, sizes of defects, invaded nasal subunits, implantation of tissue expander, time elapsed between the formation of defects and surgical treatments, sessions of laser hair removal, and follow-up results. All patients had nasal defects after removal of a benign nevus (diameter, >1.5 cm), which invaded distal nasal subunits (including the nasal tip, soft triangle, columella, and nasal ala) and could not be repaired using adjacent tissue. Preoperative and postoperative assessments of esthetic outcomes were analyzed, including skin color and texture match, appearance deformity, and scar appearance. All 6 female patients (ages 4 to 24 years) accepted the extended forehead flap technique and subsequent laser hair removal treatments. Among the 6 patients, 2 had nasal tip defects, 1 had a columella nasi defect, one had an alar defect, and 2 had multiunit defects. All transferred forehead flaps survived with no necrosis and underwent 2 to 5 subsequent laser hair removal treatments. The color and texture of the transferred flaps was similar to the adjacent skin in all patients. All patients were satisfied with the final outcome of the reconstructed nose with no obvious scarring during follow-up. Extending the forehead flap using the scalp is a practical and safe approach for the repair of large and distal nasal defects. Subsequent laser hair removal can eliminate the hair follicles of the scalp and improve the appearance and color of the flap.

Palmprint Recognition Using Hessian Matrix and Two-Component Partition Method

Palmprint recognition has been comprehensively examined in the past couple of years and various undertakings are done to use it as a biometric methodology for various applications. The point of this study is to construct an effective palmprint recognition technique with low computational multifaceted nature and along these lines to expand the acknowledgment and precision. Since edges are free from distortion, they are very reliable and subsequently used for palm print recognition. The originality of the proposed technique depends on new area of interest (ROI) extraction took after by new principal line extraction and texture matching strategy. The new principal line extraction technique is created by using the Hessian matrix and Eigen value. The texture matching of the ROI is done using new 2-component partition method by segmenting the image into comparative and non-comparative edges. Examinations are finished on a database and exploratory results exhibit that the accuracy of the proposed method is comparable to past methods used for palmprint recognition.