Texture Evolution Research Articles

A comprehensive study on the effect of high-temperature deformation level on microstructure development of austenitic stainless steel

ABSTRACT Austenitic stainless steel has been deformed to different strain levels at high temperatures and electron back-scattered diffraction has been done at the centre of the deformed samples to study the microstructure. A low strain of 0.22 develops deformation substructures and does not contribute much to the change in microstructure. An increase in strain value develops equiaxed grains and at 900 ℃, a necklace-type structure is observed. A decrease in average grain size with increased strain level is observed (except at 1200 ℃). A high fraction of high-angle grain boundaries with a significant fraction of Ʃ3 boundaries is observed at high temperatures and high-strain levels. The texture intensity showed the formation of strong [101] and [001] fibres. However, the intensity distribution between [101] and [001] varies with strain level and deformation temperature. Finally, discussions on the effect of high-temperature deformation on microstructure and texture development have been presented.

Effect of Tool Shoulder Profile on Grain and Texture Development in the Weld Interface Zone of Friction-Stir-Welded Dissimilar AA2024/AA7075 Joints

Friction-stir-welded dissimilar AA2024/AA7075 joints have an apparent influence on grain and texture development at the weld interface due to differences in physical and chemical properties between the two aluminum alloys. In this work, the effect of tool shoulder profile on grain structure and texture evolution in the center interface zone (CIZ) and bottom interface zone (BIZ) of dissimilar AA2024/AA7075 joints were quantitatively studied by electron back-scattering diffraction (EBSD). The results indicate that abundant fine and coarse equiaxial grains are produced in the CIZ and BIZ of the joints produced with a concentric circle shoulder (CCS) and three-helix shoulder (THS), and the average grain size of the BIZ is lower than that of the CIZ for the same CCS or THS joint. A higher degree of recrystallization occurs in the CIZ of the joint with a CCS than that of the joint with a THS, while a similar degree of recrystallization is presented in the BIZ of the two joints. For the distribution of local misorientation angle between the two sides of the interface in the same CCS or THS joint, the CIZ manifests relatively uniform behavior, while the BIZ presents the characteristics of uneven distribution. Tool shoulder profile has a significant impact on the texture components at the weld interface, which results in different types of shear textures generated in the CIZ and BIZ of the two joints. It is beneficial to make out the microstructural evolution mechanism at the weld interface in dissimilar FSW joints for engineering applications in this study.

Texture evolution and anisotropy of TA18 titanium alloy strip under rolling and heat treatment conditions

Texture evolution and anisotropy of TA18 titanium alloy strip under rolling and heat treatment conditions

Microstructure and texture evolution in laser Shock Peened martensitic NiTi shape memory alloy

Microstructure and texture evolution in laser Shock Peened martensitic NiTi shape memory alloy

Mechanisms of slip modes and texture inheritance in Ti60 alloy during plane strain compression: Insights from texture evolution and regulation

Mechanisms of slip modes and texture inheritance in Ti60 alloy during plane strain compression: Insights from texture evolution and regulation

Influences of non-uniformly distributed forming loads on deformation sequence and texture evolution in tailor heat treated Al6014 blanks

Influences of non-uniformly distributed forming loads on deformation sequence and texture evolution in tailor heat treated Al6014 blanks

Transverse texture weakening and anisotropy improvement of Ti-6Al-4V alloy sheet via asymmetric rolling and static recrystallization annealing

Traditional rolled titanium alloys usually exhibit a distinct transverse texture, which is quite stable in subsequent annealing and leads to anisotropic mechanical behaviors. In this work, Ti-6Al-4V alloy was fabricated by asymmetric rolling and recrystallization annealing. The microstructure, texture, and anisotropy evolution were systematically studied. The results show that the <0001>//ND ± 30° RD texture component is formed during the rolling thinning process under the combined action of compressive stress and shear stress. The corresponding grains and αs prioritize nucleation and grow rapidly during subsequent annealing. The transverse texture are consumed or swallowed up before they grow up. The β phases provide secondary nucleation points for α grains. As a result, grains grown rapidly are decomposed and orientations are further established on adjacent matrix. The grains formed by preferential growth and secondary nucleation show more random orientation, and volume fraction of complete transverse texture decreases from 60.1% to 19.3%. Accordingly, the anisotropy of yield strength and tensile strength is decreased by 181MPa and 195MPa, respectively. The transverse texture is weakened by asymmetric rolling and static recrystallization, which provides an efficient way for producing high-performance rolled titanium alloy in the industry.

Crystallographic orientation related dynamic recrystallization behavior and its impact on texture development of high-temperature α phase in TiAl alloy

Crystallographic orientation related dynamic recrystallization behavior and its impact on texture development of high-temperature α phase in TiAl alloy

The Influence of the Strain Rate on Texture Formation During the Plane Strain Compression of AZ80 Magnesium Alloy.

Controlling microstructure and texture development is a key approach to improving the formability of magnesium alloys. In this study, the effects of the strain rate and initial texture on the texture evolution of magnesium alloys during high-temperature processing are investigated. The plane strain compression of three types of AZ80 magnesium alloys with different initial textures was assessed at 723 K and a train rate of 0.0005 s-1. Work softening was consistently observed in the stress-strain curves of all samples. However, the peak stress varied depending on the initial texture, with lower peak stress observed under conditions favoring prismatic slip. Under these conditions, the activation of non-basal slip suppressed the formation of basal texture. The texture shifted and developed parallel to the transverse direction when prismatic slip was dominant. In contrast, the activation of pyramidal slip led to the formation of a basal texture tilted by 25° from the (0001) plane. The effects of recrystallization and grain boundary migration on texture development were minimal. This study contributes to understanding the texture development mechanisms in magnesium alloys and provides insights into improving their workability and ductility through texture modification.

Enhanced Mechanical Properties Via the Incorporation of Ti in Cu Alloys

The influence of Ti addition on the microstructure, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of Cu-14Fe alloy is studied. Great emphasis has been laid on the second phase, texture and mechanical properties. No new phase other than α-Fe phase could be found in Cu-14Fe-0.1Ti alloy using XRD and SEM. With 0.1Ti addition, the distribution of α-Fe phase strip is slightly heterogeneous. Cube, s and brass texture components are largely strengthened in Cu matrix with Ti addition, while copper and goss texture components are rare in Cu matrix of both alloys. In α-Fe phases, α fiber and goss texture components are highly strengthened with Ti addition. It is found that enhanced mechanical properties are achieved in Cu-14Fe-0.1Ti alloy. In detail, with Ti addition, the yield strength and ultimate tension strength increase from 538 and 561 MPa to 580 and 583 MPa, respectively, while maintaining a high value of elongation to failure (6.5%). A lower equivalent grain size and a higher KAM value mainly contributes to the higher yield strengthening effect in Cu-14Fe-0.1Ti alloy. The lower equivalent grain size is derived from the small size distribution range and the small size of Cu matrix in Cu-14Fe-0.1Ti alloy. The dissolution of Ti and formation of nano second phases also improve mechanical properties. However, texture hardly plays a role in the strengthening effect. 0.1Ti addition hardly reduces the electrical conductivity of Cu-14Fe alloy, maintaining a value of 33.43% IACS. The results in this work could provide guidance in texture evolution and property evaluation in Cu-Fe alloys.

Sustainable Valorization of Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis Leaves) as a Pasta Ingredient

This study investigated the innovative incorporation of Artocarpus altilis leaves into potato-based gnocchi, demonstrating a sustainable approach to valorizing underutilized plant materials. Breadfruit leaves, often discarded as agricultural waste, represent an untapped resource rich in bioactive compounds and antioxidants. By incorporating these leaves into pasta products, we demonstrate a promising strategy for enhancing food systems’ nutritional profile and sustainability. The research examined the functional, pasting, and bioactive properties of Artocarpus altilis leaf blends with potato flakes. The blends showed significant water-holding capacity (4.88–8.58 g H2O/g DM) and notable antioxidant activity in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts (DPPH: 1.95–3.35 mg TE/g DM). Pasting profiles revealed that increasing the Artocarpus altilis concentration progressively modified the starch behavior, reducing the peak viscosity from 972.5 to 530.0 mPa·s. Gnocchi formulated with 10% Artocarpus altilis leaves demonstrated good stability during 4-day storage, with minimal color changes (ΔL* ≈ 2) and predictable textural evolution (cutting force increase from 4.5 to 5.8 N). The incorporation of these leaves enhances the nutritional profile through increased antioxidant content and promotes sustainable food production by utilizing agricultural by-products. This approach demonstrates the potential for developing eco-friendly food products while supporting local agricultural economies in tropical regions with abundant Artocarpus altilis. The successful integration of these leaves into a popular food product opens new possibilities for sustainable food innovation and waste reduction in the food industry.

Quantitative Indicators of Microstructure and Texture Heterogeneity in Polycrystalline System.

The microstructural features of polycrystals determine numerous properties, whereas the evolution of crystallographic texture is responsible for the anisotropy of particular properties. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to find proper quantitative indicators, which reflect the nature of microstructure and texture characteristics. This is partially performed by the assessment of the average grain size and texture intensity that provide basic information on the microstructural features evolved; however, often, the basic quantitative indicators are not capable of revealing the complete microstructural state especially when the system is highly heterogeneous. This contribution presents various methods to assess the degree of microstructural heterogeneity, while the crystallographic aspect of microstructure evolution is characterized by several indicators of texture heterogeneity. Numerous synthetic microstructures with normal, lognormal, and bimodal grain size distributions as well as their combinations are analyzed to evaluate the applicability of the methods presented in this study. The quantitative indicators described in the frame of this contribution are likewise tested on experimentally observed microstructures. It is shown that the derived coefficients of microstructure heterogeneity correlate well with the standard deviation in grain size distribution, Gini, and Hoover coefficients, while the quantitative measures of texture heterogeneity are capable of revealing hidden aspects of microstructure evolution.

Surface Characteristics and Crystallographic Texture Evolution of Aviation Aluminum Alloy in High-Speed Machining Based on Visco-Plastic Self-Consistent Model

The purpose is to investigate the surface characteristics and crystallographic texture evolution of aviation aluminum alloy during high-speed machining (HSM). The influence mechanism of machining parameters on the surface quality of Al 7050 is explored through HSM experiments, and the distribution of cutting temperature, equivalent stress and strain, and the variation trend of variables in the deformation zone on the path is analyzed by finite element (FE) simulation. Combining FE simulation and polycrystalline plasticity theory, a visco-plastic self- consistent (VPSC) model is established to simulate the crystal texture evolution in the machined surface layer, and the validity of the constructed model is confirmed by dynamic impact and EBSD results. The results show that the high-speed machined surface displays tool feed marks, apophysis, cavities, side flow bands and adhered chip debris. The overall trend of temperature and equivalent stress on the path shows a “spoon-like” distribution and an “M-like” distribution, respectively. The cutting temperature, equivalent stress and strain increase in relation to three cutting factors, where the cutting temperature and equivalent stress increase by 3% and 2.9%, respectively. VPSC simulations show the textures of {001}[Formula: see text]100[Formula: see text]Cube, {123}[Formula: see text]634[Formula: see text]S, {110}[Formula: see text]112[Formula: see text]Brass, and {112}[Formula: see text]110[Formula: see text]R-Copper which are present on the machined surfaces, and high feed rate and cutting speed enhance and weaken the strength of the {123}[Formula: see text]634[Formula: see text]S and {001}[Formula: see text]100[Formula: see text]Cube textures. The difference in texture maximum density under different machining parameters is 34%, and the type and intensity of crystal texture are profoundly influenced by the coupling effect of heating/force load, stress, and strain.

Tribological and mechanical behavior of AL 2014 aluminum alloy influenced by microstructure and texture evolution after equal channel angular processing

In the present study, the impact of microstructure and texture evolution on the wear and mechanical behavior of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) of Al 2014 was examined. The average grain size of Al 2014 decreased dramatically from 101 to 6.5 microns after ECAP passes. The distribution of grain boundaries and crystallographic texture changed due to this grain refinement, significantly improving the wear and mechanical properties of the processed alloy. The enhanced wear resistance seen after ECAP resulted from low-angle boundaries (LABs) preventing fracture propagation, according to the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. Additionally, a notable change in texture was observed after ECAP; the initial S-rolling texture of the material, in its as-received condition, transformed into distorted Copper and A-type textures, indicating the complex strain conditions induced by the ECAP process. The ability of ECAP to improve the material's suitability for high-wear resistance applications was further demonstrated by tribological tests, which showed that the ECAP-processed Al 2014 alloy had noticeably lower wear rates than its as-received counterpart. Similarly, the mechanical results show that ECAP significantly improved the hardness and tensile characteristics.

Phase transformation and texture evolution during micro-incremental forming of ultra-thin SS316 sheets

Size effects present significant challenges in micro-scale manufacturing, compounded by the complexities of tooling and fixture design. However, Micro-incremental Sheet Forming (µ-ISF) has emerged as an innovative die-less forming technique for producing miniature products, effectively addressing some of these challenges. This study focuses on the formability analysis of annealed SS316 foils of various thicknesses. Trapezoids with different aspect ratios were produced using three different tool diameters (Td). It was observed that an increase in Td led to a decrease in both surface roughness and wall angle limit. This reduction in formability was thoroughly investigated through microstructural analysis, revealing that deformation-induced phase transformation (DIPT) is one of the key factors contributing to the decreased formability of SS316 foils.

Tensile behavior and microstructure evolution of Mo-14 %Re alloy at room temperature and elevated temperatures

The present work investigates the tensile deformation behavior and fracture mechanism of Mo-14 %Re alloy (MR14) at both room and high temperatures. The results show that the tensile strength of MR14 alloy is 613 MPa at room temperature and 260 MPa at 1000 °C. Moreover, the MR14 exhibits remarkable ductility, with elongation surpassing 60 % both at ambient temperature and elevated temperatures. As the temperature rises, dynamic recrystallization and the rotation of subgrains lead to the evolution of texture during fracture, which has not been reported hitherto. A high proportion of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) facilitates the dislocation transfer, thereby preventing the nucleation of cracks caused by stress concentration. The strong texture, abundant substructure, movable edge dislocation and mixed dislocation on the bundle structures are the main toughening factors. Additionally, during the high-temperature tensile deformation process, the MR14 alloy maintains a single-phase structure without precipitation, demonstrating excellent thermal stability. These research findings hold profound significance for broadening the application scope of the MoRe alloy.

The development of crystallographic texture during porthole die extrusion of Al-Mg-Si alloys

The use of hollow aluminum extrusions in internal combustion engine and battery electric powered vehicles has increased significantly in recent years due to lightweighting considerations. It is of interest to understand the evolution of crystallographic texture from a through-process perspective, since the microstructure and texture of the material have a strong influence on plasticity in the final part. In this research, an Al-Mg-Si alloy with Mn and Cr additions to suppress recrystallization was halted mid-extrusion, and the in-die material was extracted for study. The evolution of textures along finite element method (FEM) predicted streamlines were characterized with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Polycrystal plasticity modelling coupled with the FEM simulated deformation history was implemented to predict texture evolution. Streamlines passing near the center of the portholes exhibited axisymmetric double fiber textures, which rotated following the streamlines before shifting to plane strain textures near the die exit. Closer to the weld seam, shear textures developed. It was found that textures could be predicted for streamlines up to 1.4 mm away from the weld seam, where complex deformation modes, significant increase in strain, and the possible intervention of alternative mechanisms such as recrystallization and non-octahedral slip inhibit the accuracy of texture prediction.

Microstructure and γ′ phase evolution characteristics of novel nickel-based superalloy during compression

In this paper, the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanism, texture evolution and the effect of γ 'on the microstructure evolution of a new nickel-based superalloy at 1075 °C and strain rate of 0.01 s-1 were systematically investigated. The results showed that the DRX mechanism undergoes significant alterations with the increase of strain. When the strain is 0.07, the discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) constitutes the dominant mechanism. As the strain increases to 0.13, the DDRX mechanism transforms into continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX), and the dynamic recrystallization (DRXed) grains grow when the strain is further increased to 0.20. The texture evolution indicated that with the increase of strain, the crystal orientation shifts from <001> and <111> to <101> and <111>, and texture intensity initially weakens and then strengthens, which is closely associated with the DRX mechanism. At a strain of 0.07, the texture is primarily influenced by the DRXed grains. As the strain increases to 0.13, the deformed grains become the dominant factor in determining the texture, and at a strain of 0.20, both the DRXed and deformed grains jointly dominate the texture. The CDRX mechanism facilitates the formation of <101> and <111> textures, while DDRX is mainly related to <001> orientation. Additionally, due to the L12 ordered structure of the γ′ phase, dislocations and stacking faults gradually accumulate in the γ′ phase with the increase of strain, while the dislocation density in the γ matrix initially ascends and then descends.

Evolution of microstructure and properties of nanocrystalline NiCo alloy under high-energy laser shock

In this study, nanocrystalline NiCo alloy was prepared through electrodeposition and subjected to high-energy laser shock (HELS) treatment to investigate the influence of laser shock on the microstructures and properties. An analysis of phase composition, microstructural evolution, texture evolution, and hardness was conducted. The results indicated that under HELS, there was no change in phase composition, while there was a slight reduction in grain size, as well as in the quantities of Low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and twin boundaries (TBs). The texture evolution revealed that HELS led to a more uniform overall texture due to grain boundary (GB) mediate deformation mechanisms, along with the generation of a significant amount of 9R phases, causing a shift in texture orientation from (110) to (100). The internal structure of nanocrystalline NiCo showed an accumulation of numerous dislocations post-laser shock, with randomly oriented dislocations interacting to form Lomer-Cottrell Locks (L-C Locks) and 9R phases. Additionally, interactions with large stacking faults (SFs) also resulted in their dissociation into multiple 9R phases. The hardness enhancement was mainly attributed to the accumulation of dislocations within the grain and the generation of a significant quantity of 9R phases.

Microstructure and texture development in (FeCoCrNi)94Al2Ti4 alloy processed by asymmetric hot-rolling

Microstructure and texture development in (FeCoCrNi)94Al2Ti4 alloy processed by asymmetric hot-rolling