Texture Design Research Articles

Energy Efficiency in The Settlement Texture Through the Use of BIM

In the emerging new and densely settled areas in Turkey, rapid construction and unplanned urbanization where energy efficiency approach is ignored, cause rapid destruction of natural environment and depletion of energy resources. In terms of economic and environmental aspects, the reduction of energy consumption is a matter of priority in the settlement texture design. The settlement texture is a significant design variable to control energy consumption. The dimensions of the buildings, their spacing (distance between buildings) and the arrangement of buildings with respect to one another are the design parameters which define the settlement texture. This study aims to determine the energy efficient settlement texture design parameters by the using Revit that software of BIM. In this context, the first step of the method of the study is to develop different settlement texture alternatives which benefit from the solar energy. In the second step, annual energy consumption for a selected residential building in the developed alternatives is calculated. Finally, calculated annual energy consumptions are analysed and the appropriate of the settlement texture design parameters in terms of energy efficiency are determined. As a result, this study is focused on determining the appropriate settlement texture in terms of energy efficiency by using BIM in order to take the right decisions in the design stage. According to the results of this limited studies with 48 different settlement textures, SF3-10-EW-0.5 achieved the lowest total energy consumption. However, in order to reach an acceptable general conclusion, similar studies should be analyzed for many alternatives.

An optimization research on groove textures of a journal bearing using particle swarm optimization algorithm

This study aims to optimize the distributions of groove textures in a journal bearing to reduce its friction coefficient. Firstly, A lubrication model of a groove textured journal bearing is established, and the finite difference and overrelaxation iterative methods are used to numerically solve the model. Then, the friction coefficient is adopted as the fitness function and the groove lengths are optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to evolve the optimal distributions. Furthermore, the effects of eccentricity ratios and rotary speeds on optimal distributions of groove textures are also discussed. The numerical results show the optimal distributions of groove textures are like trapeziums under different eccentricity ratios and rotary speeds, and the trapeziums become slenderer with increasing of eccentricity ratios. It is also found that the reductions of friction coefficients by optimal groove textures are more significant under lower eccentricity ratios. Briefly, this study may provide guidance on surface texture design to improve the tribological performance of journal bearings.

Surface texture design method using mechanoreceptor stress in finger as evaluation function

Surface texture design method using mechanoreceptor stress in finger as evaluation function

Influence of flank texture patterns on the suppression of chatter vibration and flank adhesion in turning operations

In this paper, we propose a practical texture design on the tool flank face for suppressing chatter vibration and flank adhesion. To avoid chatter vibration during cutting, the process damping phenomena can be utilized, where the tool flank face contacts the surface of a finished workpiece to provide a damping effect. As a new technology for an effective process damping, the tool flank texture-assisted technique has been proposed, and its excellent performance in suppressing chatter vibration has been demonstrated. However, issues that can lead to adhesion and tool damage pose challenges from a practical viewpoint. To overcome such issues, this paper proposes new texture geometries that improve the practical performance: parallel line type, vertical line type, and dot type. The results of a series of finite element analyses showed that the effectiveness of process damping depends on the vibration amplitude and wavelength. The proposed flank textures were fabricated on tool flank faces, and turning tests were carried out. The experimental results showed that the proposed tool is stabler than the conventional untextured tool and that it can more effectively improve the critical cutting speed, reduce the vibration amplitude, and decrease the surface roughness after cutting. With the appropriate design of the texture distance, adhesion and tool damage were hardly observed, and a stable and practical cutting could be realized.

STORE ATMOSPHERE DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA RESTORAN KAPAL JODOH BATU MARMAR PAMEKASAN

The purpose of this study was conducted with the main objective to be achieved, namely to determine the store atmosphere and purchase decisions at the Jodoh Tamberu Alet Ship Restaurant, Batu Marmar District. Atmospheric refreshes to the store's physical characteristics that are used to develop an image and to draw customers, which means that a cafe atmosphere is a physical characteristic used to build an impression and to attract customers. The elements of the atmosphere can be operationalized in the restaurant as objects in this study, namely: Layout, sound, smell, texture, building design. The study will contain data quotations to provide an overview of the presentation of the report. The data may come from manuscripts of interviews with owner and management, field notes, photos, notes or memos directly from the location. Data collection procedures used in this study were interviews, observation and documentation. The analysis used in this research is non-statistical analysis. This study analyzes data from interviews, observations, and documentation. The stages of analysis carried out by researchers in this study are as follows: Reduction, Display, Conclusion drawing. Based on literature review, the results of field research and data analysis, the researcher can conclude that the store atmosphere in the form of layout, sound, smell, texture and building design in a restaurant has an impact in increasing purchasing decisions on matchmaking vessels. This is because consumers tend to enjoy the restaurant atmosphere other than just enjoying food.

Kinetics of Arsenic Surface Segregation in Scrap-Based Silicon Electrical Steel

The segregation kinetics of surface-active, residual elements are investigated in an in situ study of annealing scrap-based silicon electrical steel sheet where the arsenic (As) surface segregation is highlighted. During annealing in the temperature range of 300–950 °C, different kinds of interactions between the segregated residual elements were observed. Attractive interactions between the segregands produced co-segregation, e.g., between Sn and Sb, whereas repulsive interactions resulted in site competition, e.g., between Sn and As. These competing interactions are strongly time dependent. In spite of there being twice as much Sn compared to As in the bulk material, the As prevailed in the surface enrichments of the polycrystalline silicon steel at 950 °C. The intensity of the As surface segregation in the temperature range 800–950 °C is proportional to the calculated amount of γ-austenite phase in the (α + γ) steel matrix. The detected phenomenon of the As versus Sn site competition could be valuable for the texture design and surface engineering of silicon steels with a thermodynamically stable two-phase (α + γ) region.

Parametrically designed surface topography on CAD models of additively manufactured lattice structures for improved design validation

Additively Manufactured (AM) lattice structures of the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process generally have different surface geometries depending on the overhang angle and location. This means that the design validation stage is often challenging, considering it is based on an ideal Computer Aided Design (CAD) model that is not truly representative, since the AM part will be different in terms of dimensional accuracy and surface finish. Previous studies have relied on the design of surface textures that are independent of the overhang angle, or techniques based on directly using X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) data. In this paper, a new technique for designing surface texture on the CAD of lattices has been investigated and correlated with areal surface roughness parameters. After extracting areal surface parameters from the XCT data of the lattice, the method allowed for the design of this surface texture on the part CAD taking in consideration if its up skin or down skin, without using XCT data as the main input. By applying this method, it is possible to obtain a lattice CAD model with a designed surface texture and geometry that is more representative of the actual AM lattice. The mean deviation between the CAD model with the designed surface and the XCT was a third of the one between the XCT and the initial CAD. The proposed method allows for designing and replicating LPBF AM surfaces on the CAD of a lattice, taking into consideration the dimensional deviation caused by AM surfaces, especially on overhangs. Assuming that an LPBF AM process is stable and produces approximately the same AM surface, this method can be used to predict the geometry of a lattice, providing a cost-effective and efficient methodology that minimizes the time needed for design validation.

Effect of Substrate Surface Texture Shapes on the Adhesion of Plasma-Sprayed Ni-Based Coatings

The bonding of thermal-sprayed coatings largely depends on the substrate surface morphology. This study examines the effect of the substrate surface texture shapes on the adhesion strength of coatings. For that, it used plasma-sprayed Ni-based MoS2 coatings deposited on grit-blasted and laser-textured surfaces, and investigated the coating bonding strength (ASTM 633 pull-off test), and cross-sectional and fracture morphologies, as well as phase compositions and element distribution. The results showed that the surface texture shape has a significant effect on the improvement of coating adhesion. The coatings deposited on sinusoidal-textured surfaces had the highest adhesion strength (50.0 MPa), followed by coatings deposited on groove-textured surfaces, while dimple and dimple–groove textures resulted in the lowest coating adhesion strength. The coating fracture analysis revealed that cohesive failure occurred mainly at the texture positions, while adhesive failure occurred almost always in plain areas. Therefore, it could be concluded that, in the conditions of this study, the existence of plain areas and dimple textures did not improve coating adhesion. Factors such as coating bond mode, contact area ratio, and coating deposition quality should be comprehensively considered in texture design to improve coating adhesion.

Artificial Intelligence Aided Design of Microtextured Surfaces: Application to Controlling Wettability.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful set of tools for engineering innovative materials. However, the AI-aided design of materials textures has not yet been researched in depth. In order to explore the potentials of AI for discovering innovative biointerfaces and engineering materials surfaces, especially for biomedical applications, this study focuses on the control of wettability through design-controlled hierarchical surfaces, whose design is supported and its performance predicted thanks to adequately structured and trained artificial neural networks (ANN). The authors explain the creation of a comprehensive library of microtextured surfaces with well-known wettability properties. Such a library is processed and employed for the generation and training of artificial neural networks, which can predict the actual wetting performance of new design biointerfaces. The present research demonstrates that AI can importantly support the engineering of innovative hierarchical or multiscale surfaces when complex-to-model properties and phenomena, such as wettability and wetting, are involved.

Numerical analysis and optimization of rectangular texture for gas foil thrust bearing

Accurate surface texture design is of great significance to improve the performances of gas bearings. In this article, the finite difference method and Newton’s method were combined to obtain the oil film pressure distribution, and the effect of rectangular groove on the lubrication performance was analyzed by changing representative texture parameters. The results show that the performances were more affected by the rectangular texture size compared with the distribution and the bottom shape of texture. The increasing of the surface texture number can only enhance the stability of the bearing. The bearing can provide 30% more bearing capacity by choosing larger size, radial arrangement and plane bottom. These results and analysis can provide technical reference for the bearing texture design.

CFD Analyses of Textured Surfaces for Tribological Improvements in Hydraulic Pumps

In any hydraulic machine there are lubricated couplings that could become critical beyond certain operating conditions. This paper presents the simulation results concerning textured surfaces with the aim of improving the performance of lubricated couplings in relative motion. The texturing design requires much care to obtain good improvements, and it is essential to analyze both the geometric features of the dimples and the characteristics of the coupled surfaces, like the sliding velocity and gap height. For this purpose, several CFD simulations have been performed to study the behavior of the fluid bounded in the coupling, considering dimples with different shapes, size, and spatial distribution. The simulations consider the onset of gaseous cavitation to evaluate the influence of this phenomenon on the pressure distribution generated by the textured surface. The analyses have pointed out that it is critical to correctly predict the behavior of the textured surface in the presence of local cavitation, in fact, when cavitation occurs, the characteristic time of the transient in which the phase of the fluid change is very rapid and it is comparable to the time taken by the fluid to move from one dimple to the next.

Lean lubrication of ultra large modulus open gear and rack pair: A case study of the gear-rack drive mechanism of the Chinese “Three Gorge Dam” ship lift

Large modulus gear-rack mechanism has strong bearing capacity. They are often used in heavy-duty equipment, i.e. for heavy load lifting. This study is focused on the ultra large modulus heavy duty open gear-rack drive mechanism of the Chinese “Three Gorge Dam” ship lift, of which lubrication design and management plays a critical role in safe operation and service life extension of the mechanism. Against the currently adopted manual oiling which raises concerns from ineffective lubrication, high lubricate wastes as well as risks of maintainers, this study aims to propose lean lubrication design method based on parametric modeling and numerical analysis. A three-dimensional linear contact hybrid elastohydrodynamic lubrication model was established to characterize lubrication behavior under effects of contact area size and morphology. With the EHL model, lean oil supply conditions were exploited based on effective lubricating oil thickness. Given the uncertainty and complexity of lubrication state in actual working conditions, texture design was then proposed for better tribological performance under starved lubrication conditions. The proposed models and methods were applied to the gear-rack drive of the Chinese “Three Gorge Dam” ship lift. The numerical results suggested the proposed lean lubrication plan may consume 4.13% less lubricating oil in one mesh cycle than that calculated by conventional methods. The reduction of lubricating oil consumption can be larger if the high waste from oil oversupply by manual oiling is considered. The output of case study may serve as the basis of further development of lean lubrication system for the gear-rack drive mechanism.

Repair of a Comminuted Talar Neck Fracture using a Cellular Bone Allograft combined with a Textured Allograft Wedge

Category:Trauma; AnkleIntroduction/Purpose:Talar neck fractures are uncommon and are characterized by displacement, comminution, and soft tissue injury. Treatment of talar neck fractures while avoiding complications, such as osteonecrosis and long-term morbidity, presents a unique challenge to surgeons. One option for treating talar neck fractures is cellular bone allograft containing viable lineage- committed bone cells (V-CBA), which provides the osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic properties needed for bone formation. Additionally, a structural textured allograft (STA) wedge designed to resist migration and sustain compressive force can also be used in repairing talar neck fractures. This case study describes the successful repair of a comminuted talar neck fracture using V-CBA combined with an STA wedge.Methods:A 46-year-old male patient sustained a talar neck fracture following a fall from a 12-foot ladder. Radiographic and computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed significant comminution, consequent varus angulation, and a large bony void, as well as dislocation of the posterior subtalar joint. The patient was otherwise healthy with no comorbidities. Open reduction internal fixation was performed laterally to reduce the posterior subtalar dislocation. Medially, a 6.5mm STA wedge was used to correct the varus deformity and 1cc of V-CBA was used to fill the void.Results:At 6 months, the talar neck fracture had healed with solid osseous consolidation evident on radiographic images.Conclusion:These results demonstrate that an STA wedge, with a textured design that resists migration, used in combination with a V-CBA successfully repaired a comminuted talar neck fracture.

Study on deformation behaviors of nanopillar textured AlN in nanoindentation using molecular dynamics

Although nanoscale textured surfaces are widely used in mechanical components to improve mechanical properties, how the texture-parameters such as the shape and density of the surface textures affect the contact deformation behaviors of AlN remains elusive. Therefore, the design of surface textures of AlN micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) is still challenging. To study the influence of surface textures on deformation behaviors of AlN at nanoscale, in this work we study the nanoindentation process of AlN textured surface using molecular dynamics simulations. The force and deformation behaviors in the nanoindentation process of AlN textured surface are thoroughly investigated. We find that the pop-in event in the indentation of AlN textured surface is mainly due to the phase transformation and amorphization of AlN, specifically caused by the nucleation of amorphous structure and the formation of the sixfold-coordinated B1-AlN. And the plastic deformation behaviors of textured AlN are associated with the phase transformation, amorphization and dislocation motion. It is also found that due to the existence of grooves in the textured surface, the vacant part can absorb some wear atoms. Therefore, the texture pattern has a beneficial effect on reducing the influence of surface deformation. The results demonstrate that the geometric parameters of the textures have great effect on the indentation load and deformation behaviors of AlN materials. The insights gained in this work can guide the design of AlN MEMS/NEMS with surface textures.

Carbon coated porous Co3O4 polyhedrons as anode materials for highly reversible lithium-ion storage

Co3O4 is considered a promising anode candidate for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its high theoretical capacitance. However, the electrochemical properties of bare Co3O4 for LIBs remain seriously limited by poor electronic conductivity and large volume expansion. Herein, carbon-coated porous Co3O4 polyhedrons with (220) facets are fabricated through a hydrothermal method and subsequent calcination process. The size of Co3O4 polyhedrons ranges from 70 nm to 170 nm. The continuous amorphous carbon layer is approximately 3 nm thick, and uniformly covers the surface of Co3O4. Moreover, the discharge capacity of carbon-coated porous Co3O4 anode reaches 1463 and 596 mA h g−1 at 100 and 5000 mA g−1, respectively. After 150 charge discharge cycles, the carbon-coated Co3O4 anode still exhibits a reversible capacity of 840 mA h g−1 at 1000 mA g−1. Carbon nano-coating, mixed conductive matrix, and crystalline texture design can enhance the electrochemical performance of Co3O4.

Anomalous texture development induced by grain yielding anisotropy in Ni and Ni-Mo alloys

During the annealing of Ni and Ni-Mo films, a {110} texture, usually considered to be both of high surface energy and high strain energy, was found to develop. Quantitative thermodynamic model calculations showed that the anomalous formation of this {110} texture originates fundamentally from the grain yielding anisotropy of Ni. Based on extensive grain yielding anisotropy model calculations, a “texture map” based on {111}, {100}, and {110} textures was constructed to predict the texture transition temperatures for different film thicknesses. A kinetic analysis of the texture evolution in the films is further presented, revealing that the texture evolution is controlled by the self-diffusion of atoms at grain boundaries. These findings pave the way for the achievement of unusual surface orientations through the quantitative texture design of thin films.

Surface Textures for Stretchable Capacitive Strain Sensors

Advances in smart materials and electronics have enabled compliant sensing systems mimicking nature. In structural health monitoring (SHM) applications, the technology still lacks accuracy in tracking measurements over large geometries. Herein we report a facile fabrication for a compliant sensor based on an elastomeric capacitive sensor technology, augmented with a scalable surface texture inspired by various grid geometries. Texture designs are selected to direct, and therefore improve, the strain sensing capabilities and thus the sensor’s gauge factor. We showcase selected designs based on a detailed engineering analysis. The selected surface patterns are investigated under increasing strain targets and strain frequency sweeps. Results confirm that a stretchable thermoplastic composite sensor with a textured pattern embossed into the hyper-elastic matrix yields approximately 30% increase in the gauge factor and 35% in signal accuracy, great linearity up to 30% strain, and overall signal stability to empower SHM applications.

Effect of texture and structure of polysaccharide hydrogels containing maltose on release and hydrolysis of maltose during digestion: In vitro study

The release and hydrolysis of maltose from six classic polysaccharide-based hydrogels (agar, low acyl gellan, κ- and ι-carrageenan, sodium alginate and konjac glucomannan) containing 1% gelling agent and 10% maltose were compared under sequential in vivo oral, simulated gastric (SGD) and intestinal digestions (SID). The incorporation of maltose into hydrogels obstructed up to 35% maltose digestion and reduced the early stage of maltose hydrolysis by 40%–60%. The degree and the nature of obstruction were dependent on the polysaccharide structure and gel texture. Limited fragmentation of elastic and cohesive hydrogels and reduced maltose release in highly adhesive hydrogels both resulted in lower maltose release at the oral phase. The remaining large gel particles and dramatic gel microstructural changes as response to the gastric pH limited maltose release at SGD. Cumulative maltose release from oral processing and SGD contributed to initial maltose hydrolysis rate (HR) and the overall maltose hydrolysis in SID. Additionally, other factors were also involved. Release of polysaccharide from hydrogels under SGD stress and the formation of fine gel particles may have resulted in highly viscous or viscoelastic intestinal fluid and therefore decreased the speed of enzyme reaction. We believe that the information provided by the current study would help future design of hydrogel texture targeted at different incipient food component release and digestion profiles.

Investigation on turning process performance using hybrid-textured tools under dry and conventional cooling environment

ABSTRACT In the context of the surface texture of the tool, turning process performance is sensitively affected by the surface texture geometry, design, and working environment. Therefore, present work focused on the fabrication of new texture design tools (an amalgamation of linear microgrooves and circular pit holes) and machinability evaluation of so developed tools in turning of AISI 304 material under dry and conventional cutting environment, respectively. Machinability measures considered in the work are cutting zone temperature (T), average surface roughness (Ra), and tool wear (Vb). Results indicated that the machinability of AISI 304 was significantly improved with the hybrid tools under conventional cooling compared to dry cutting conditions, respectively. Further, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis revealed that adhesion wear is identified as the major tool wear mechanism in hybrid tools under both cutting environments. Furthermore, observed few surface defects in machined samples under conventional cooling conditions, respectively.

Precision distribution design of micro-textured ball-end milling tool and the analysis of its effects on the strength of the insert

Most prior studies have not carried out a precise theoretical analysis and design of micro textures and have thus only conducted experimental analyses of cutting performance that lack theoretical analysis and reliability. This study thus first determined the specific micro-textured application area from a theoretical point of view, based on the contact relationship between the rake face and the chip. Secondly, the micro-textured distribution laws were determined for this area along with a definition of the distribution boundaries of the micro textures. Thirdly, the influence of cutting depth on the number of micro-textured rows and columns was analyzed, and these optimized numbers were thus obtained. Finally, the influence of the micro-textured distribution on the strength of the insert was simulated and analyzed. The results showed that the application of micro textures had no significant effect on the strength of the tool. The results of the research ensured consistency for subsequent research into the milling performance of micro-textured ball-end milling tools.