Unique Text Research Articles

CБОРНИКИ Н. Ф. ПАВЛОВА «ТРИ ПОВЕСТИ» И «НОВЫЕ ПОВЕСТИ» КАК ВАРИАНТ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНО-АВТОРСКОГО ТЕКСТОВОГО ЕДИНСТВА

The article analyzes the collections of N. F. Pavlov “Three Stories” (1835) and “New Stories” (1839) in the aspect of the functioning of such a type of supertext as an individual author’s textual unity, realized in the form of a collection. Since it is compiled by the author, its components are selected and grouped by him in accordance with a certain intention. The texts within each writer’s collection correspond with each other. In their plot, there is a clear orientation towards “an incident from life”; the plot is based on the clash of the heroes with a rejecting secular environment. The common properties of all structural components of Pavlov’s collections are elements of psychologism, romantic stylistics (sustained motifs, characters endowed with unusual passions, poetics of a fragment) with an emphatically social sound, attention to everyday details, and the use of physiological features. Unifying impulses are also set by extra-textual elements (titles, subtitles, epigraph to the first collection). In the form of a collection, Pavlov’s stories are combined into a kind of megatext, endowed with “super meaning,” which fundamentally changes the scale of the depiction of reality and ensures a higher level of the author’s awareness of the most pressing problems in society. The core of this version of textual unity is the author’s idea, which determines the presence of intertextual connections between the components of the collection and their general modality. However, in the presence of a structure and internal logic set by the author, the collection differs from the adjacent phenomenon — the cycle — in that the compositional arrangement of individual parts is not of decisive importance here, the connections between the stories that make up the collection are significantly weakened.

Ink Drawing Technique: Prescriptions from the Nineteenth-Century Art School According to Gustave Frepon

Continuing its series of articles on drawing techniques, Secreta Artis presents an abridged and adapted translation of a unique text from a manual on ink drawing methods, accompanied by a commentary. The text and illustrations, which outline and demonstrate three pen techniques: lining, hatching, and dotting (extremely rare and methodologically valuable information), were published in 1897 in the French artist Gustave Fraipont's book "L'art d'appliquer ses connaissances en dessin: fusain, crayon, plume, eau-forte, lithographie, execution des dessins pour la photogravure et la gravure sur bois, l'art de prendre un croquis". Fraipont's comprehensive work explores a wide array of graphic arts, including charcoal, pencil, etching, lithography, woodcut, and more.However, despite the popularity of G. Fraipont's works in the latter half of the 19th century, including seven manuals on watercolor painting, composition, drafting, and sketching that were translated and published in Moscow and St. Petersburg between 1893 and 1895, his work on ink drawing techniques was not translated into Russian. This material is highly relevant for studying the history of 19th-century graphics, the academic art school of that era, and for mastering drawing techniques.

Cannabidiol (CBD) Listed as a Drug of Abuse by the Italian Health Ministry: Expert Opinion

: In August 2023, the Italian Health Ministry listed cannabidiol (CBD) as a drug of abuse. This rekindled the debate on the medical and non-medical use of cannabis. The most discussed topics are risks related to the use of cannabis, the decriminalization/legalization of recreational cannabis, and use of cannabis-based drugs for medical purposes. The decision to include CBD in the “Unique Text for drugs of abuse” (DPR.309/1990), along with the already included main psychoactive component of cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is not particularly relevant to such ongoing discussions. Even when it comes to cannabis-based drugs for medical purposes, such a decision will have a minimum impact on CBD-based medical prescriptions. Instead, a high economic impact is expected on CBD-based products sold online or in specific shops, including the so-called “cannabis-light”, formally sold as a “technological product” for collection purposes but used as over-the-counter drugs for the treatment of several medical conditions. Cannabis-light products have reduced regular drug consumption by about 10%. Also, they are not entirely safe, as the actual content of THC may significantly differ from the one stated, carrying unexpected health risks. Further, CBD is likely not a drug with addictive potential; however, its uncontrolled use for medical purposes needs to be regulated as the court battles are ongoing.

Innovations in scientific communication: techniques for crafting distinctive textual content

The rapid globalization and integration of science-based information technologies have led to continuous transformation, significantly impacting socio-cultural processes. The presented concept of information space development focuses primarily on communication processes. This article aims to analyse the possibilities of technology in creating unique scientific communication within the modern information space. During the research, general methods such as generalization, comparison, systematization, abstraction, analysis, synthesis, and specification were employed. The study revealed the current stage of information society development and outlined trends in modern scientific communication models. The structure of scientific communication in the information space, which combines professional and personal components, is substantiated. The text focuses on identifying the characteristics and functionality of electronic publications within innovative technologies. It considers specific aspects of new and transformed existing variations of scientific communication in the context of digital optimization processes. The issue of the life cycle of electronic resources is also investigated. The article identifies vectors for improving scientific communication processes, focusing on quality information, digital and intercultural components of the communication process. It establishes that the optimization of scientific communication in the information space is necessary due to the specific requirements of forming a unique text based on the principles of honesty and originality.

SOFTWARE CAPABILITIES FOR TEXT IDENTIFICATION: COMPARISON FOR SIMILARITY, IDENTITY ESTABLISHMENT, UNIQUENESS CHECK

The study was carried out within the framework of identification linguistics and translational linguistics. The article describes some methods for determining the degree of similarity of texts: shingle algorithm, Levenshtein distance, systems for detecting plagiarism. The purpose of the work is to test the software capabilities of comparing texts for similarity, establishing their identity, and checking uniqueness. In a broad sense, these tasks fall within the area of text identification. In a qualitative (manual) assessment of the similarity of texts, identifying parameters are selected and selected specifically for the text under study. The use of electronic resources is determined by the desire for objectivity of the methods used to establish the identity of texts and the objectivity of the results obtained. Software products also make it possible to establish another, quantitative, characteristic — the degree of similarity of texts to each other or the degree of originality of the text. The work used services whose tasks include 1) comparing the similarity of two texts; 2) calculation of the Levenshtein distance; 3) detection of borrowing. The research material was an excerpt from an interview with Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov. Reverse machine translation texts served as options for comparison with the source text. Reverse machine translation as a translation product is part of artificial intelligence and a model of the process of understanding and interpreting natural language. The results of using the proposed services made it possible to arrange five reverse machine translation options from the most unique text to the text that is most identical to the invariant. The study showed that the programs generally produce similar results, which can be applicable to solving research and applied problems related to establishing the identity and difference of texts. The prospect of the study is to identify lexical parameters that make it possible to classify reverse machine translation texts as the most or least identical with respect to the invariant.

呂圭亨 작 <春香傳> 譯註

In the early 20th century, Yeo Gyu-hyeong was commissioned by the Wongaksa(圓覺社) to create the drama Chunhyangjeon written in Classical Chinese. Yeo Gyu-hyeong's Chunhyangjeon is a unique text that shows the contemporary changes in pansori literature and has points worthy of further discussion in several adjacent academic fields. Nonetheless, a complete translation of this work has not yet been done. Therefore this paper preliminarily examined the bibliographic characteristics and genre of Yeo Gyu-hyeong's Chunhyangjeon and performed punctuation, translation, and commentary on the entire text.

Analysing the impact of ChatGPT in research

Large Language Models (LLMs) are a type of machine learning that handles a wide range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) scenarios. Recently, in December 2022, a company called OpenAI released ChatGPT, a tool that, within a few months, became the most representative example of LLMs, automatically generating unique and coherent text on many topics, summarising and rewriting it, or even translating it to other languages. ChatGPT originated some controversy in academia since students can generate unique text for writing assessments being sometimes extremely difficult to distinguish whether it comes from ChatGPT or a person. In research, some journals specifically banned ChatGPT in scientific papers. However, when used correctly, it becomes a powerful tool to rewrite, for instance, scientific papers and, thus, deliver researchers’ messages in a better way. In this paper, we conduct an empirical study of the impact of ChatGPT in research. We downloaded the abstract of over 45,000 papers from over 300 journals from Dec 2022 and Feb 2023 belonging to different research editorials. We use four of the most known ChatGPT detection tools and conclude that ChatGPT played a role in around 10% of the papers published in every editorial, showing that authors from different fields have rapidly adopted such a tool in their research.

Matthean Allusions and Echoes in the Catholic Epistle of James

The present article aims to examine the theology of the Epistle of James through the lens of the Gospel according to Matthew. James is a unique text in the New Testament deeply rooted in the tradition of Hellenistic Judaism. The writing presents theological ideas in the form of sayings or sentences, closely resembling the wisdom literature of the Old Testament and the Synoptic Gospels. The practical nature, rare doctrinal fragments, and the presence of recurring themes make it challenging to establish a clear division of the five chapters. They can be best grouped around eight homiletic-didactic discourses, mostly built around a macarism or aphorism, adapted by the author to a specific theme. Most allusions and echoes can be linked to the Sermon on the Mount, but not exclusively. Even though some texts resonate strongly with the Matthean text, especially thematically, and the phenomenon of intertextuality is impressive, it would still be quite bold to assert that James had a copy of Matthew in front of him when writing his Epistle. This is confirmed by the lack of exact quotations. It is very likely a catechetical or didactic tradition already present in the first-century Christian teaching at the confluence of the Jewish and Hellenistic environment, strongly influenced by Matthew, whose popularity is beyond doubt. The hypothesis is supported by the presence of similar themes in the writings of the Apostolic Fathers, literature highly esteemed in early Christian communities. It is therefore very possible that James was familiar with the Matthean Gospel through his cultic reading, justifying the theological depth evident in the treatment of common themes. Keywords: macarism, aphorism, wisdom, wealth, poverty, good deeds

Classifying Invention Objectives of Electric Vehicle Chargers through Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning

The gradual adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) globally serves as a crucial move toward addressing global decarbonization goals for sustainable development. However, the lack of cost-effective, power-efficient, and safe chargers for EV batteries hampers adoption. Understanding the research needs and identifying the gaps in EV charger innovation informs investments and research to address development challenges. This study developed a unique text mining workflow to classify themes in EV charger technology and product development by analyzing U.S. patent award summaries. The text mining workflow combined the techniques of data extraction, data cleaning, natural language processing (NLP), statistical analysis, and unsupervised machine learning (ML) to extract unique themes and to visualize their relationships. There was a 47.7% increase in the number of EV charger patents issued in 2022 relative to that in 2018. The top four themes were charging station management, power transfer efficiency, on-board charger design, and temperature management. More than half (53.8%) of the EV charger patents issued over the five-year period from 2018 to 2022 addressed problems within those four themes. Patents that addressed wireless charging, fast charging, and fleet charging accounted for less than 10% each of the EV charger patents issued. This suggests that the industry is still at the frontier of addressing those problems. This study further presents examples of the specific EV charger problems addressed within each theme. The findings can inform investment decisions and policymaking to focus on R&D resources that will advance the state of the art and spur EV adoption.

THU001 Novel Interactive Text-messaging Curriculum For Endocrinology Board Review

Abstract Disclosure: P. Majety: None. A. Ajayi: None. A. Modest: None. M. Vamvini: Grant Recipient; Self; MV was supported by F32-DK126432, and Joslin Diabetes Center P&F. J. Freed: None. Background: The ABIM certification exam is one of the measures to ensure that physicians have the clinical skills for good care delivery. The five-year average pass rate for the ABIM Endocrinology & Metabolism subspecialty exam is 86%, relatively lower when compared to other subspecialties. The pass rate for first time test takers significantly decreased from a usual range of 84-91% over 2017-2020 to a nadir of 74% in 2021 compared to a mean of 84% for other medicine subspecialties. This represents the lowest pass rate in 2021 for any internal medicine subspecialty exam. Objectives: The primary purpose of our study was to assess the feasibility of a unique text messaging curriculum for endocrinology fellows and its utility in improving their knowledge. We also assessed their study habits and resources available to them for ABIM subspecialty exam preparation. Methods: In 2021, endocrinology fellows from 51 programs across the country were invited to participate in our curriculum. They completed a pre-test, joined a texting group via Remind application and received 1 multiple choice question daily (total n = 78). At the end of curriculum, fellows received a post-test questionnaire, and a feedback survey. After 15 weeks, they completed a post-test and survey. Paired results from pre- and post-test were compared. Results: A total of 89 fellows from 27 programs responded. Of these, 82 fellows, predominantly females (n=60; 73%), filled out the pre-test. On an average, 42 fellows (SD = 12) responded to the questions daily. Thirty fellows completed the post-test. The median number of correct responses on the pre-test was 5 (IQR 3-6), compared to 8 (IQR 6-9) in the post-test. There was a significant improvement (p-value <0.0001) in fellows’ performance in the post-test when compared with the pre-test following our intervention.Final feedback survey was filled out by 33 of them. Ninety-seven percent responded that they use question banks as a resource for exam preparation followed by PowerPoint presentations (52%), journals (48%), online videos (39%), textbooks (33%) and lecture notes (33%). 23 fellows (70%) preferred mobile friendly question bank applications; 5 fellows (15%) preferred online question banks available through company websites only. None of them preferred paper-based question banks.Nineteen of the 33 fellows (58%) found the curriculum very useful. 17 fellows (52%) said it served as a discussion tool sometimes, while 9 fellows (27%) said they used it as a discussion tool often. Thirty two out of 33 fellows (97%) responded that they would like to continue to receive a question daily for the rest of their fellowship. Conclusions: Text-messaging based curriculum for exam preparation is feasible and can improve test performance. Fellows find receiving a daily high yield multiple choice question via text-message as a useful tool for exam preparation. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023

An SMS Text Message-Based Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Program for Hispanic Adolescents With Obesity: Qualitative Co-Design Process.

SMS text message-based interventions are a promising approach for reaching and engaging high-risk youths, such as Hispanic adolescents with obesity, in health promotion and disease prevention opportunities. This is particularly relevant, given that SMS text messaging is widely accessible and available and that adolescents are frequent texters. Including youths in the development of SMS text message content can lead to more acceptable and relevant messaging; however, few studies include this group as cocollaborators. This study aimed to use a co-design process to inform the development of SMS text messages that promote healthy physical activity (PA) and sleep behaviors among Hispanic adolescents with obesity. The co-design framework uses multiple methods across several phases. Self-determination theory and a literature review of SMS text message-based interventions guided the background and research phases. In the co-design phase, Hispanic adolescents (n=20) completed in-depth interviews to identify barriers and facilitators of PA and sleep, preferences for ways to emphasize key self-determination theory constructs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), and suggestions for making SMS text message content engaging. In the design and content phase, interview findings were used to develop initial SMS text messages, which were then evaluated in the early evaluation phase by experts (n=6) and adolescents (n=6). Feedback from these panels was integrated into the SMS text message content during refinement. The background phase revealed that few SMS text message-based interventions have included Hispanic adolescents. Common barriers and facilitators of activity and sleep as well as preferences for ways in which SMS text messages could provide autonomy, competence, and relatedness support were identified in the co-design phase. The youths also wanted feedback about goal attainment. Suggestions to make SMS text messages more engaging included using emojis, GIFs, and media. This information informed an initial bank of SMS text messages (N=116). Expert review indicated that all (116/116, 100%) SMS text messages were age and culturally appropriate; however, some (21/116, 18.1%) did not adequately address youth-identified barriers and facilitators of PA and sleep, whereas others (30/116, 25.9%) were not theoretically adherent. Adolescents reported that SMS text messages were easy to understand (116/116, 100%), provided the support needed for behavior change (103/116, 88.8%), and used mostly acceptable language (84/116, 72.4%). Feedback was used to refine and develop the final bank of 125 unique text messages. Using a co-design process, a theoretically grounded, appealing, and relevant bank of SMS text messages promoting healthy PA and sleep behaviors to adolescents was developed. The SMS text messages will be further evaluated in a pilot study to assess feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy. The co-design process used in this study provides a framework for future studies aimed at developing SMS text message-based strategies among high-risk adolescents. RR2-10.1016/j.cct.2023.107117.

An evaluation on large language model outputs: Discourse and memorization

We present an empirical evaluation of various outputs generated by nine of the most widely-available large language models (LLMs). Our analysis is done with off-the-shelf, readily-available tools. We find a correlation between percentage of memorized text, percentage of unique text, and overall output quality, when measured with respect to output pathologies such as counterfactual and logically-flawed statements, and general failures like not staying on topic. Overall, 80.0% of the outputs evaluated contained memorized data, but outputs containing the most memorized content were also more likely to be considered of high quality. We discuss and evaluate mitigation strategies, showing that, in the models evaluated, the rate of memorized text being output is reduced.

Great Doxology with Miaphysite Trisagion

Abstract The article contains the edition and study of three ostraca in the British Library (Ostracon 5878) which join with another fragment in the Metropolitan Museum, New York (P.Mon.Epiph. 607). The join of these pieces helps to date the British Library fragments to the turn of the 6th-7th centuries and assign them to Apa Moses from the Monastery of Epiphanius in Thebes. The ostracon now provides a complete and unique text of the Great Doxology as used in the Coptic Church of the late 6th century and probably the earliest version of the so-called Constantinopolitan version of this liturgical chant.

The Long Speech: Rhetorical Abundance in Circulation

ABSTRACT This essay analyzes excessively long speeches in order to argue that circulation naturalizes rhetorical processes that govern meaning within texts. In our view, abundant acts of address unsettle dominant models of speech and circulation, presenting an opportunity to reconsider the relationship between rhetorical forms and circulatory transfigurations. We focus on Strom Thurmond’s twenty-four-hour filibuster of the 1957 Civil Rights Act and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’s 1927 speech to the Turkish Parliament, which lasted thirty-six hours over six days. We bring together these otherwise unrelated long speeches to outline three fictions of text and circulation: textual unity, speaker persona, and implied audience. We argue that these fictions stand in for the excessive address in circulation and, in turn, forms of circulatory abbreviation naturalize rhetorical constructions internal to the speech. In this way, we offer a rhetorical account of circulation that connects textual processes to circulatory forms.

From the Palace of Ryswick to the Sultan’s Seraglio: The Ottoman Translation and Interpretation of a Christian European Peace Treaty

The inclusion of peace treaty articles between Christian powers in an Ottoman historical work of the late seventeenth century is unquestionably distinctive. The article presents an Ottoman translation of the Treaty of Ryswick (1697) concluded between the French king and the German emperor. This translation is included by the late seventeenth – early eighteenth-century Ottoman historian and palace official Silāḥdār Fındıklılı Meḥmed Aġa in his historical work called ‘The Book of Victory’ (Nuṣretnāme). With this unique text as its basis, the article will first attempt to place the translation in its historical context and explain the possible reasons for its inclusion by Silahdar in his history. Secondly, to morphologically evaluate the text to bring to the fore the translation strategies adopted and to explore the reception and the degree of understanding by the Ottoman side of the basic terms and linguistic topoi of a Christian European peace treaty. And lastly, to analyse the specific interpretation ascribed to the Ryswick agreement by the Ottoman leadership.

Expansion of Knowledge, Practice and Public Policy with the ICD-11 for Psychologists and Mental Health Professionals: A Literature Review and Critical Analysis

Background: Mental disorders are alterations in several functional domains of human beings that trigger greater morbidity and mortality if not adequately addressed. The International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD11) is a recently approved global and modern system to guide clinical practice faced with these disorders and other conditions. State of the art: Despite the imminent implementation of this system in member states, the guidelines on its scientific basis, practice and importance in public health have been published in a scattered manner, with a mainly medical psychiatric target audience, hence, it is necessary to unify these guidelines in a unique text. Therefore, the objective of this review was to analyze three associated aspects: (a) current knowledge of the matter, (b) its application in psychological practice, and (c) reflection concerning the implications on public health policies. To do this, these aspects were divided into 10 sections with the most relevant topics, and examples to facilitate their use and comments to promote understanding were described. Conclusions: This paper presents a review that comprehensively addresses knowledge-practice-policy triad of mental disorders of the ICD-11.
 Authors’ contributions 
 The authors participated equally in the preparation of this paper

COMPARATIVE SUPERSYNTACTIC INTEGRITY IN THE UZBEK AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES.

The relation of comparison is a category of a universal nature in languages, which is expressed at all levels of language, including the text. The fact that the textual unity of this relationship comes through supersyntactic integrity (SSB) is a uniquely complex process that needs to be studied. In linguistics, there are opinions about the existence of semantic types of text, among which very few scholars have expressed their views on the expression of the relation of comparison through the text unit. They dwell on comparative texts with the meaning similarity in general way. Therefore, this article analyzes the comparative SSI with the meaning contrast, its type of SSBs representing the comparative relation and identifies their specific features.

History of pediatric neurosurgery in Latin America: the early years.

Pediatric neurosurgical history in Latin America possesses rich and fascinating origins; the large number of neurosurgical societies that form the continent and the inspiring achievements of the pioneers in the field in every single Latin American country are described here. This unique text explores the aspects of this neurosurgical specialty since its beginnings by neurosurgeons trained outside Latin America, who brought the pediatric practice to their home countries, writing a new chapter in the neurosurgical history, constructing the foundations for the present pediatric practice and the few fellowships found in the continent. A formal search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and national libraries focused on the historical and biographical aspects of pioneers' pediatric neurosurgeons of Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Chile, and Ecuador, with an important session that describes the fellowships' opportunities in pediatric neurosurgery found in the continent, dividing all the programs according to the countries that offer the subspecialty education.

Preface: Shakespeare and Milton

Preface: Shakespeare and Milton

An Automated Text Document Classification Framework using BERT

Due to the rapid advancement of technology, the volume of online text data from numerous various disciplines is increasing significantly over time. Therefore, more work is needed to create systems that can effectively classify text data in accordance with its content, facilitating processing and the extraction of crucial information. Since these non-automated systems use manual feature extraction and classification, which is error-prone and time-consuming by choosing the best appropriate algorithms for feature extraction and classification, traditional procedures are typically resource intensive (computational, human, etc.), which is not a viable solution. To address the shortcomings of traditional approaches, we offer a unique text categorization strategy based on a well-known DL algorithm called BERT. The proposed framework is trained and tested using cutting-edge text datasets, such as the UCI email dataset, which includes spam and non-spam emails, and the BBC News dataset, which includes multiple categories such as tech, sports, politics, business, and entertainment. The system achieved the highest accuracy of 91.4% and can be used by different organizations to classify text-based data with a high performance. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is evaluated using multiple evaluation metrics such as Accuracy, Precision, and Recall.