Textual Paragraphs Research Articles

Modelling the Archipelago: Corfu as a Case Study for a Digital Edition of Cristoforo Buondelmonti's Liber Insularum.

The Liber Insularum by Cristoforo Buondelmonti can be considered the first guide to the Greek islands, each of them described by a textual paragraph and illustrated by color maps, in a format which gave rise to the new literary genre of Isolaria." Mapping the Aegean: Cristoforo Buondelmonti's Liber Insularum" is a Marie Skłodowska-Curie project aimed at the study of this book. This paper illustrates the application of Cadmus, a structured content management tool, to the creation of a digital edition of the Liber and to do this, we focus on the text and map of Corfu as a case study. After a historical introduction on the author and his work and the presentation of the project, we explain why we chose to use this tool and its main characteristics, and we offer a concrete example of its application to the material pertaining to the description of Corfu by showing its frontend output.

Deep Learning for Toponym Resolution: Geocoding Based on Pairs of Toponyms

Geocoding aims to assign unambiguous locations (i.e., geographic coordinates) to place names (i.e., toponyms) referenced within documents (e.g., within spreadsheet tables or textual paragraphs). This task comes with multiple challenges, such as dealing with referent ambiguity (multiple places with a same name) or reference database completeness. In this work, we propose a geocoding approach based on modeling pairs of toponyms, which returns latitude-longitude coordinates. One of the input toponyms will be geocoded, and the second one is used as context to reduce ambiguities. The proposed approach is based on a deep neural network that uses Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) units to produce representations from sequences of character n-grams. To train our model, we use toponym co-occurrences collected from different contexts, namely textual (i.e., co-occurrences of toponyms in Wikipedia articles) and geographical (i.e., inclusion and proximity of places based on Geonames data). Experiments based on multiple geographical areas of interest—France, United States, Great-Britain, Nigeria, Argentina and Japan—were conducted. Results show that models trained with co-occurrence data obtained a higher geocoding accuracy, and that proximity relations in combination with co-occurrences can help to obtain a slightly higher accuracy in geographical areas with fewer places in the data sources.

Exploring Racism, and Anxieties of Identity in Aslam's Selected Work

The question of identity and sense of displacement is always fundamental for culturally displaced people. The objective of the Diaspora writings is to explore the construction of new identities in new cultural places and the painful experiences of migration. The present study aims to explore the issue of identity and racism in selected fictional works, Season of the Rainbirds (1993) and Maps for Lost Lovers (2004) by Aslam. For this purpose, Bhabha's 'The Location of Culture' (1993) and Fanon's 'Black Skin, White Mask's (1952) are used as theoretical frameworks to scrutinize the selected novels. The research is descriptive qualitative, and placed within the interpretive paradigm. The data for the present study is in the form of textual paragraphs, which is taken from the selected novels and is collected through the purposive sampling technique. Findings of the study revealed that hybrid identities of minorities and immigrants are resulting because they are marginalized by the majority class and are subjected to racist and stereotypical attitudes, which help in hybridization.

Neo-Colonialist critique of Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist and Kincaid's A Small Place: A Comparative Postcolonial Study

With a specific focus on two different novels from different continents, the study analyzes the current American neocolonialist hegemonic behavior, which is causing developing countries to remain in a doldrum. The data is based upon the comparative analysis of selected textual paragraphs taken from Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist and Kincaid's A Small Place. Both Mohsin Hamid and Jamaica Kincaid assert that due to the American neo-colonialist regime, indigenous cultures of so many countries of the African and Asian continent have suffered a lot. Theoretical insights for this research have been drawn from Kwame Nkrumah's concept of neo-colonialism. Nkrumah defined neocolonialism as the exploitation of former colonial subjects by European conquerors for political, economic, cultural, ideological, and military gain. The research concludes that although with the inception of the United Nations Organization the colonialism has formally come to an end still the American neo-colonial supremacy is disturbing the people of once colonized countries through various economic, political, and ideological maneuverings.

Oppression and Female Body: A Feminist Critique of the Novel 'Half the Sky'

The female body is more than often used as a site to perpetuate violence and oppress women in patriarchal societies. The current study aims to explore how patriarchal oppression targets the female body and how it enforces women to become subalterns having no voice in the selected fictional work, Half the Sky by Kristoff and WuDunn. For this purpose, Simone De Beauvoir's The Second Sex (1949) and Bryan Turner's The Body theory (1984) are used as theoretical frameworks to explore the selected novel. The research is descriptive qualitative, and placed within the interpretive paradigm. The data for the present study is in the form of textual paragraphs, which is taken from the selected novel and is collected through the purposive sampling technique. The study argues on women's oppression and violence. The findings of the study revealed that the dominancy of male counterpart in every field of life is the basic reason for women oppression which leads to the women being subalterns.

Random Multiple Choice Questions Generation using Nlp

Students’ life is incomplete without exams because exams are those that help students in evaluating themselves and thus proceeding further in studies. So, the starting step in conducting such examinations is creating a question paper. Generating a question paper is still in its traditional way, where lecturers or professors that are the teaching staff are doing it manually and wasting a terrible amount of time in selecting what type of questions are to be generated. It’s so difficult to create a question paper as it includes a lot of resource utilization and exhaustion. These tasks can be automated. As we are seeing a lot of development in new, exciting technologies and these technologies can help and can make the process of automation easier. So for automation, we use Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing as this whole task involves using and manipulating textual data. In this solution, we provide our model with a textual paragraph from which the questions are to be selectively generated and we develop the multiple choices using a certain distinctive process for the users.

Bootstrapping Knowledge Graphs From Images and Text.

The problem of generating structured Knowledge Graphs (KGs) is difficult and open but relevant to a range of tasks related to decision making and information augmentation. A promising approach is to study generating KGs as a relational representation of inputs (e.g., textual paragraphs or natural images), where nodes represent the entities and edges represent the relations. This procedure is naturally a mixture of two phases: extracting primary relations from input, and completing the KG with reasoning. In this paper, we propose a hybrid KG builder that combines these two phases in a unified framework and generates KGs from scratch. Specifically, we employ a neural relation extractor resolving primary relations from input and a differentiable inductive logic programming (ILP) model that iteratively completes the KG. We evaluate our framework in both textual and visual domains and achieve comparable performance on relation extraction datasets based on Wikidata and the Visual Genome. The framework surpasses neural baselines by a noticeable gap in reasoning out dense KGs and overall performs particularly well for rare relations.

Deklinowanie wiosny albo zgrywa z Schulza

The RPG game. The textual paragraph game. The gamebook. The very names of these genres suggest their literary origin. No wonder, since many of them, particularly the RPG games, derive from the classics of fantasy (Middle Earth based on Tolkien’s fiction), s-f (Cyberpunk 2020, largely inspired by the novels of William Gibson and Philip K. Dick) or gothic horror (The Call of Cthulhu based on H.P. Lovecraft). That select company has been recently joined by Bałwochwał by Mariusz Pisarski and Marcin Bylak, inspired by the short stories of Bruno Schulz.

ChemDataExtractor: A Toolkit for Automated Extraction of Chemical Information from the Scientific Literature.

The emergence of "big data" initiatives has led to the need for tools that can automatically extract valuable chemical information from large volumes of unstructured data, such as the scientific literature. Since chemical information can be present in figures, tables, and textual paragraphs, successful information extraction often depends on the ability to interpret all of these domains simultaneously. We present a complete toolkit for the automated extraction of chemical entities and their associated properties, measurements, and relationships from scientific documents that can be used to populate structured chemical databases. Our system provides an extensible, chemistry-aware, natural language processing pipeline for tokenization, part-of-speech tagging, named entity recognition, and phrase parsing. Within this scope, we report improved performance for chemical named entity recognition through the use of unsupervised word clustering based on a massive corpus of chemistry articles. For phrase parsing and information extraction, we present the novel use of multiple rule-based grammars that are tailored for interpreting specific document domains such as textual paragraphs, captions, and tables. We also describe document-level processing to resolve data interdependencies and show that this is particularly necessary for the autogeneration of chemical databases since captions and tables commonly contain chemical identifiers and references that are defined elsewhere in the text. The performance of the toolkit to correctly extract various types of data was evaluated, affording an F-score of 93.4%, 86.8%, and 91.5% for extracting chemical identifiers, spectroscopic attributes, and chemical property attributes, respectively; set against the CHEMDNER chemical name extraction challenge, ChemDataExtractor yields a competitive F-score of 87.8%. All tools have been released under the MIT license and are available to download from http://www.chemdataextractor.org .

OntoVerbal: a Generic Tool and Practical Application to SNOMED CT

Ontology development is a non-trivial task requiring expertise in the chosen ontological language. We propose a method for making the content of ontologies more transparent by presenting, through the use of natural language generation, naturalistic descriptions of ontology classes as textual paragraphs. The method has been implemented in a proof-of-concept system, OntoVerbal, that automatically generates paragraph-sized textual descriptions of ontological classes expressed in OWL. OntoVerbal has been applied to ontologies that can be loaded into Protégé and been evaluated with SNOMED CT, showing that it provides coherent, well-structured and accurate textual descriptions of ontology classes.

A practical prototypic system for psychiatric diagnosis: The ICD-11 Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines

A practical prototypic system for psychiatric diagnosis: The ICD-11 Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines

Análise bioética do Código de Ética Odontológica brasileiro

The Brazilian Dentistry Code of Ethics (DCE), Resolution CFO-71 from May 2006, is an instrument created to guide dentists' behavior in relation to the ethical aspects of professional practice. The purpose of the study is to analyze the above mentioned code comparing the deontological and bioethical focuses. In order to do so, an interpretative analysis of the code and of twelve selected texts was made. Six of the texts were about bioethics and six on deontology, and the analysis was made through the methodological classification of the context units, textual paragraphs and items from the code in the following categories: the referentials of bioethical principlism--autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice -, technical aspects and moral virtues related to the profession. Together the four principles represented 22.9%, 39.8% and 54.2% of the content of the DCE, of the deontological texts and of the bioethical texts respectively. In the DCE, 42% of the items referred to virtues, 40.2% were associated to technical aspects and just 22.9% referred to principles. The virtues related to the professionals and the technical aspects together amounted to 70.1% of the code. Instead of focusing on the patient as the subject of the process of oral health care, the DCE focuses on the professional, and it is predominantly turned to legalistic and corporate aspects.