Logic Of Text Research Articles

Structural Confusion in the Cantigas de Santa Maria: Navigating Unstable Narratives in the Miracles of Castrojeriz

Abstract This article addresses links between musical-poetic structure and architecture in four songs of the Cantigas de Santa Maria. Made at Alfonso X of Castile’s court in the latter years of his reign (1252–84), the Cantigas present a unique case of miracle narratives (cantigas de miragre) set to song. As Parkinson has shown, the four songs in the Castrojeriz set present technical faults that hinder effective comprehension of their miracle texts. This article shows that the songs’ cyclical structures can aid textual logic by aligning narrative highlights with points of sonic focus in the poetry and music. Tension between textual and musical-poetic form often mirrors the songs’ narratives, which concern difficulties during the construction of Castrojeriz’s church. This article argues that such tensions can be read as a text-as-building metaphor, also alluded to in the songs as they appear in surviving manuscripts.

Assessing the Reproducibility of the Structured Abstracts Generated by ChatGPT and Bard Compared to Human-Written Abstracts in the Field of Spine Surgery: Comparative Analysis.

Due to recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), language model applications can generate logical text output that is difficult to distinguish from human writing. ChatGPT (OpenAI) and Bard (subsequently rebranded as "Gemini"; Google AI) were developed using distinct approaches, but little has been studied about the difference in their capability to generate the abstract. The use of AI to write scientific abstracts in the field of spine surgery is the center of much debate and controversy. The objective of this study is to assess the reproducibility of the structured abstracts generated by ChatGPT and Bard compared to human-written abstracts in the field of spine surgery. In total, 60 abstracts dealing with spine sections were randomly selected from 7 reputable journals and used as ChatGPT and Bard input statements to generate abstracts based on supplied paper titles. A total of 174 abstracts, divided into human-written abstracts, ChatGPT-generated abstracts, and Bard-generated abstracts, were evaluated for compliance with the structured format of journal guidelines and consistency of content. The likelihood of plagiarism and AI output was assessed using the iThenticate and ZeroGPT programs, respectively. A total of 8 reviewers in the spinal field evaluated 30 randomly extracted abstracts to determine whether they were produced by AI or human authors. The proportion of abstracts that met journal formatting guidelines was greater among ChatGPT abstracts (34/60, 56.6%) compared with those generated by Bard (6/54, 11.1%; P<.001). However, a higher proportion of Bard abstracts (49/54, 90.7%) had word counts that met journal guidelines compared with ChatGPT abstracts (30/60, 50%; P<.001). The similarity index was significantly lower among ChatGPT-generated abstracts (20.7%) compared with Bard-generated abstracts (32.1%; P<.001). The AI-detection program predicted that 21.7% (13/60) of the human group, 63.3% (38/60) of the ChatGPT group, and 87% (47/54) of the Bard group were possibly generated by AI, with an area under the curve value of 0.863 (P<.001). The mean detection rate by human reviewers was 53.8% (SD 11.2%), achieving a sensitivity of 56.3% and a specificity of 48.4%. A total of 56.3% (63/112) of the actual human-written abstracts and 55.9% (62/128) of AI-generated abstracts were recognized as human-written and AI-generated by human reviewers, respectively. Both ChatGPT and Bard can be used to help write abstracts, but most AI-generated abstracts are currently considered unethical due to high plagiarism and AI-detection rates. ChatGPT-generated abstracts appear to be superior to Bard-generated abstracts in meeting journal formatting guidelines. Because humans are unable to accurately distinguish abstracts written by humans from those produced by AI programs, it is crucial to exercise special caution and examine the ethical boundaries of using AI programs, including ChatGPT and Bard.

Logic and Its History in the Lvov-Warsaw School

We take into account two areas of the logical research of the Lvov-Warsaw School. First, we consider a new approach to research in the history of logic introduced and practiced by Łukasiewicz and some of his followers. In this style of doing history of logic, the knowledge of original philosophical and logical texts was combined with competence in modern logic. This method resulted in many important discoveries both in history and in logic and philosophy. At the same time, we pay attention to contemporary historical research devoted to the logic created by the School itself. In this context, we present an overview of the six papers included in the special issue ‘Logic and its History in the Lvov-Warsaw School’. These papers were presented at an international symposium, ‘History in/of the Lvov-Warsaw School’, held in October 2022 in Warsaw, and they cover various aspects of historical-logical and logical achievements of the School. They concern topics from history of ancient logic, history of modern proof theory, and the issues of applying logic to philosophy and theology in the same way as the one implemented at the Lvov-Warsaw School.

Speaking of what is not: Hatibzâde and Taşköprizâde Kâsım on the existential import of negative propositions

ABSTRACT This paper undertakes an in-depth examination of the intriguing argument for the existential import of negative propositions by the fifteenth-century Ottoman scholar Hatibzâde Mehmed (d. 1496) and the counterarguments by his disciple, Taşköprizâde Kâsım (d. 1513). It argues that this discussion is a significant example of Ottoman scholars engaging in long-standing disputes concerning the nature and ontological ground of negative propositions, which date back to Plato and Aristotle. It is also intended to underline the need for considering not only logic texts but also works primarily associated with other disciplines in order to attain a comprehensive picture of logical discussions in the post-classical period of Islamic thought.

A Textual Logical Analysis of the Evolution of Marx’s Urban Critical Thought

Abstract Focusing on elucidating Marx’s urban critical thought is of positive significance for understanding China’s urbanization path and shaping the socialist urban development model with Chinese characteristics in the new era. The main point of Marx’s urban critical thought is the starting point of this paper, and it examines the manifestation and evolution logic of Marx’s urban critical thought. For the textual logic of Marx’s urban critical thought, the Word2vec model is utilized to extract textual features. Then, the BERT model is introduced for text word vector construction, and a multiclassification model of Marx’s urban critical thought text is established based on the fusion of multiple semantic information features. After completing the construction of the method, relevant texts about Marx’s urban critical thought were collected to construct a dataset, and the classification effect was analyzed to explore the evolutionary development trend of Marx’s urban critical thought. The results show that the text classification model can achieve the optimal classification accuracy of 93.15% by applying the 15th layer. The optimal performance is obtained when the local text word length is 100, and the sustainability growth of Marx’s urban critical thought between 1950 and 2020 reaches 102.34%. An in-depth analysis of Marx’s urban critical thought evolutionary logic can provide theoretical guidance for the modernization of Chinese cities.

A corpus-based study of metadiscourse features in Chinese-English simultaneous interpreting.

Metadiscourse markers have been observed to be frequently employed by simultaneous interpreters as interpreting strategies in the process of interpretation. However, the realm of inquiry into this phenomenon remains relatively underexplored. This study aims to rectify this gap by conducting a systematic analysis of metadiscourse features in the context of Chinese-English simultaneous interpreting. The analytical framework for this study is rooted in Hyland's interpersonal model of metadiscourse. By comparing the frequency and distribution of various metadiscourse markers in the source language (Chinese), target language (English), and original English speeches in simultaneous interpreting events, the research seeks to offer a quantitative description, qualitative analysis, and explanation of the causes of these metadiscourse features. To facilitate this analysis, the authors have compiled a Chinese-English Simultaneous Interpreting Parallel Corpus and a Comparable Original English Corpus based on ten international economic conferences, totaling 161,068 tokens. The findings reveal significant differences in interlingual and intralingual comparisons. Professional interpreters demonstrate a strong awareness of metadiscourse by employing various "metadiscourse interpreting strategies," including explicitation/simplification, emphasis/weakening, and visibility/invisibility. Moreover, interpreted English displays distinct metadiscourse features including explicitation of textual logic, objective modal tendency, and audience orientation, as compared to the original English speeches. The observed differences in the study can be attributed to a range of factors, including contextual factors, source language features, and the cognitive psychology of the interpreter. This study provides an in-depth analysis of metadiscourse characteristics in Chinese-English simultaneous interpreting, contributing to fine-grained inquiries into our understanding of the linguistic features of interpreted texts within the context of corpus-based interpreting studies.

Fallen Angels and the Christian Body in Tertullian’s On the Veiling of Virgins: A Multispecies Exploration

Abstract Drawing on insights from posthuman theory, this article analyzes the role of fallen angels in Tertullian of Carthage’s On the Veiling of Virgins. In this treatise, Tertullian argues that unveiled virgins stand in danger of sexual attack by fallen angels and must don the veil to protect themselves. I examine how ancient understandings of connections between humans and (fallen) angels undergird Tertullian’s textual logics. I call attention to angels’ (1) hyper-sexual desire for human women, (2) cosmic positioning in the intermediary celestial realm, and (3) gawkish observance of humanity. I outline how each of these aspects of angelic nature serve as key supports for Tertullian’s construction of the human (female) body. I close the article by noting that Tertullian’s invocation of fallen angels likely served to counter the unveiled virgins’ own appeals to (benevolent) angelic corporeality, thus positioning Tertullian’s On Veiling as a kind of “counter-angelology.”

Multi-Objective Prediction of Integrated Energy System Using Generative Tractive Network

Accurate load forecasting can bring economic benefits and scheduling optimization. The complexity and uncertainty arising from the coupling of different energy sources in integrated energy systems pose challenges for simultaneously predicting multiple target load sequences. Existing data-driven methods for load forecasting in integrated energy systems use multi-task learning to address these challenges. When determining the input data for multi-task learning, existing research primarily relies on data correlation analysis and considers the influence of external environmental factors in terms of feature engineering. However, such feature engineering methods lack the utilization of the characteristics of multi-target sequences. In leveraging the characteristics of multi-target sequences, language generation models trained on textual logic structures and other sequence features can generate synthetic data that can even be applied to self-training to improve model performance. This provides an idea for feature engineering in data-driven time-series forecasting models. However, because time-series data are different from textual data, existing transformer-based language generation models cannot be directly applied to generating time-series data. In order to consider the characteristics of multi-target load sequences in integrated energy system load forecasting, this paper proposed a generative tractive network (GTN) model. By selectively utilizing appropriate autoregressive feature data for temporal data, this model facilitates feature mining from time-series data. This model is capable of analyzing temporal data variations, generating novel synthetic time-series data that align with the intrinsic temporal patterns of the original sequences. Moreover, the model can generate synthetic samples that closely mimic the variations in the original time series. Subsequently, through the integration of the GTN and autoregressive feature data, various prediction models are employed in case studies to affirm the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

Discourse-Aware Graph Networks for Textual Logical Reasoning.

Textual logical reasoning, especially question-answering (QA) tasks with logical reasoning, requires awareness of particular logical structures. The passage-level logical relations represent entailment or contradiction between propositional units (e.g., a concluding sentence). However, such structures are unexplored as current QA systems focus on entity-based relations. In this work, we propose logic structural-constraint modeling to solve the logical reasoning QA and introduce discourse-aware graph networks (DAGNs). The networks first construct logic graphs leveraging in-line discourse connectives and generic logic theories, then learn logic representations by end-to-end evolving the logic relations with an edge-reasoning mechanism and updating the graph features. This pipeline is applied to a general encoder, whose fundamental features are joined with the high-level logic features for answer prediction. Experiments on three textual logical reasoning datasets demonstrate the reasonability of the logical structures built in DAGNs and the effectiveness of the learned logic features. Moreover, zero-shot transfer results show the features' generality to unseen logical texts.

The Analysis in the Writing of Postgraduate Students’ English Academic Thesis

English academic writing got a lot of attention in teaching area, this paper mainly analyzes some general phenomenon in postgraduate students writing and give suggestions. By literature research methods to analyze these problems when they are writing, these problems including introduction, literature review, discussion, text logic and conclusion in text aspect; bad English basis and wrong expression; lacking of native language habits, cultural thoughts and writing practice; by analyzing these problems, hoping it can be helpful for postgraduate students academic writing.

ChatGPT: How Can It Impact Nursing and Health Science Education?

New artificial intelligence models use large amounts of data and computing techniques to predict combining words meaningfully. A viral bot, ChatGPT, was released by the artificial intelligence company Open AI in November 2022. ChatGPT has been tested on various domains, including education and training, entertainment, predicting questions, scheduling and booking appointments, and debugging codes. ChatGPT has also been used in healthcare to provide medical information and assistance [1]. ChatGPT is an AI trained as an interactive conversational model chatbot and can perform sophisticated functions in response to users' entries, including seeking and clarifying through follow-up questions, challenging underlying definitions, and stating and questioning assumptions. ChatGPT is different in that it can be generative, create a new text based on various inputs, and is a free-to-use application. ChatGPT provides virtually instant, comprehensive, and logical text responses in any format and genre requested and is undetectable by current plagiarism software. ChatGPT test’s ability to envision and respond to its possible influences on higher education. Its response was as follows. ChatGPT was able to provide a coherent, compelling, and very human-like response within 10 seconds of receiving the query and was equally capable of meaningfully responding to follow-up prompts [2]. This article highlights the challenges and opportunities that here this technology presents to nursing and health science education, including concerns around academic integrity and privacy and the need for educators to adapt quickly to ensure staff training and comprehensive policies are in place.

Negative Transfer in Chinese College Students' English Reading

Contrary to what most Chinese higher education researchers believe, teaching practice shows that Chinese university students still have some difficulty in reading academic literature in English, and this is not caused by a lack of vocabulary. To investigate the impact that Chinese-based reading habits produce on Chinese university students understanding of the logic of English academic texts, 23 students were given a standardized English reading test covering ecology, zoology, economics, and cartography. Test results and post-test interviews reveal that most Chinese students were significantly better at understanding the meaning of single sentences than at sorting out the logic of the texts. When reading English literature, some students fail to correctly understand the role of logical adverbs and conjunctions, and even ignored logical words in the texts. As a result, the speed of reading English literature slows down and students fail to correctly understand the central content of the texts. This is caused by the different meanings and functions of different logical words in Chinese and English. The results of this study point out that there is a lack of training in the ability to sort out the logic of texts in Chinese higher English education and provide new teaching ideas for teachers who are struggling to improve students' ability to read English literature.

SP-NLG: A Semantic-Parsing-Guided Natural Language Generation Framework

We propose SP-NLG: A semantic-parsing-guided natural language generation framework for logical content generation with high fidelity. Prior studies adopt large pretrained language models and coarse-to-fine decoding techniques to generate text with logic; while achieving considerable results on automatic evaluation metrics, they still face challenges in terms of logical fidelity based on human evaluation. Inspired by semantic parsing, which translates natural language utterances into executable logical forms, we propose to guide the generation process with a semantic parser. Different from semantic parsing and QA tasks, of which the logical correctness can be evaluated based on the execution result, the logic information of the generated content is implicit. To leverage a semantic parser for generation, we propose a slot-tied back-search algorithm. We follow the coarse-to-fine generation scheme, but instead of filling the slots with model predictions, which is less uncontrolled, the slot values are offline searched by the algorithm. The slot-tied back-search algorithm ties the parameters of a logic form with the slots of a template in one-to-one correspondence. We back-search the arguments that correctly execute the logic form and fill the arguments (as slot values) into the textual template to generate the final target, which ensures the logical correctness. Experiment results of a model built on SP-NLG demonstrates that our framework achieves high fidelity on logical text generation.

Prevalence of Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 (TTF-1)-Negative Small Cell Carcinoma and Napsin A Positivity in Small Cell Carcinoma in a Cross-Sectional Study of Lung Core Biopsies.

Background The prevalence of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and napsin A expression are poorly characterized in lung core biopsies of small cell carcinoma. Locally, the TTF-1 clone is 8G7G3/1 (Agilent/Dako), and the napsin A clone is IP64 (Leica Biosystems). Methods All in-house lung core biopsy reports for cases accessioned at a regional laboratory from January 2011 to December 2020 were retrieved and analyzed using a validated hierarchical free-text string matching algorithm (HFTSMA) to establish the diagnosis. TTF-1 and napsin A were manually coded with the assistance of a logical text parsing tool. All TTF-1-negative small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cases had a full report review by pathologists. Results The cohort had 5,867 lung core biopsies, and 232 cases were confirmed as small cell carcinoma on pathologist review. TTF-1 immunostain results were available in 173 SCLC cases, and 16 cases of TTF-1-negative SCLC were confirmed on full report review. These 16 cases had at least one positive neuroendocrine (NE) marker and positive keratin staining; cases with mixed histology or positiveCK5/6 staining were excluded. Ki-67 was done in 10/16 cases; the average Ki-67 was 75%. Napsin Awas negative in 50/51 small cell carcinomas, and 0/3 TTF-1-negative SCLC had napsin A positivity. Conclusions Standardized immunostain reporting would simplify such analyses. Based on thecohort, approximately 9% (16/173) of SCLCis TTF-1 negative. Napsin A positivity in suspected small cell carcinoma should prompt consideration of an alternate diagnosis or explanation.

Two Types of Refutation in Philosophical Argumentation

In this paper, I highlight the significance of practices of refutation in philosophical inquiry, that is, practices of showing that a claim, person or theory is wrong. I present and contrast two prominent approaches to philosophical refutation: refutation in ancient Greek dialectic (elenchus), in its Socratic variant as described in Plato’s dialogues, and as described in Aristotle’s logical texts; and the practice of providing counterexamples to putative definitions familiar from twentieth century analytic philosophy, focusing on the so-called Gettier problem. Moreover, I discuss Lakatos’ method of proofs and refutations, as it offers insightful observations on the dynamics between arguments, refutations, and counterexamples. Overall, I argue that dialectic, in particular in its Socratic variant, is especially suitable for the philosophical purpose of questioning the obvious, as it invites reflection on one’s own doxastic commitments and on the tensions and inconsistencies within one’s set of beliefs. By contrast, the counterexample-based approach to philosophical refutation can give rise to philosophical theorizing that is overly focused on hairsplitting disputes, thus becoming alienated from the relevant human experiences. Insofar as philosophical inquiry treads the fine line between questioning the obvious while still seeking to say something significant about human experiences, perhaps a certain amount of what Lakatos describes as ‘monster-barring’—a rejection of overly fanciful, artificial putative counterexamples—has its place in philosophical argumentation.

The Haunting of Flat Texts: Liberal Discourse and the Elision of Labour

ABSTRACT Using a method informed by hauntology, this article reads the discourse produced by two activist-influencers – Jordan Peterson and Clementine Ford – who currently define the liberal tradition’s reactionary and progressive boundaries. Locating consistent elisions of a rich concept of labour in the work of these representatives of contemporary liberalism, this article contends that a rich and multifaceted concept of human labour has historically been absent in liberal discourses. Indeed, it claims that it is by eliding labour’s conceptual plurality and political possibility that liberal discourses proceed and proliferate. Contemporary discursive ecologies contain multiple sites of reception, and the textual logic of social media often structures more traditional liberal texts. Despite this, long-standing structural elisions continue to constrain what liberal discourses can express. These elisions explain the inability of liberal discourses to adequately account for our current social conditions. Nor can these discourses imagine a future in which we achieve collective emancipation from the intersecting economic, environmental and epidemiological crises that haunt the present. This article argues that human labour – including and even especially the labour of care – is the liberal tradition’s foundational elision.

LEGAL EXPERT IN COMMERCIAL JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS

In order to unify the economic, civil and administrative processes in 2017, changes were made to the Commercial Procedural Code of Ukraine, the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine and the Code of Administrative Proceeding of Ukraine. New participants have appeared in all lawsuits, but most in the business process. Following the 2019 presidential election, the directions of judicial reform were reconsid¬ered. Among the proposed amendments to the Commercial Procedural Code of Ukraine is a proposal to recognize as evidence the opinion of a legal expert. In our opinion, resolving this issue is key to fully determining the procedural status of a legal expert. Involvement of a legal expert is used whenever the court needs to interpret the law by a qualified professional. The main purpose of a legal expert in court proceedings is to provide legal assistance-consultation, drawn up in the form of a written opinion, within the limits and in the manner prescribed by the Code of Civil Procedure of Ukraine, namely on issues requir¬ing special knowledge in international law and doctrinal interpretation rights and practices of its application. Today, legal (judicial) practice does not produce a single model of such a procedural docu¬ment as an expert opinion in the field of law, and therefore use slightly modified by legal professionals standardized forms of forensic examinations that grossly violate the integrity, structure, methodology, textual logic, regulations and compliance of the conclusion with the requirements of the legislation defined in the procedural legislation. It is concluded that the involvement of a legal expert has certain advantages over other ways of establishing the content of foreign law. In particular, according to the time of obtaining the information necessary for further consideration of the case in court, this path is shorter than other paths defined by the Law of Ukraine “On Private International Law”. At the same time, it should be noted that the issue of impartiality and competence of a legal expert, etc. remains open.Also, for a comprehensive settlement of relations concerning the participation in the trial of a legal expert, in our opinion, the Code of Civil Procedure of Ukraine should provide a rule that the court must make a separate court decision if it finds that the legal expert gave a false conclusion, for example , on the content of foreign law.

TECHNOLOGY IDENTIFICATION IN INDUSTRY 4.0 WITH THE HELP OF TEXT MINING

The point of this paper is to recognizable proof of highlighted innovation in Industry 4.0. approach: The most common way of distinguishing the dynamic/logical text with the assistance of text mining to investigate in this field. Suppositions of own iterative strategies for examine the logical texts we propose, with the utilization of R language, tokenization, lemmatization, n-grams and correspondence examination. The suspicions of the proposed strategy were utilized to dissect the 40 most frequently cited articles filed in the Web of Science. research: Based on the got results, 4 driving innovations were recognized. These are Cloud Computing, Internet of Things, Cyber-actual System and Big Data. Creativity: This paper tells a unique technique for distinguishing the highlighted advancements that are utilized in Industry 4.0. The strategies depends on text mining. Keywords: Text mining, industry 4.0, data and correspondence innovation, classifying and design.

A Text Mining using Web Scraping for Meaningful Insights

This research involves the usage of Machine Learning technology and Natural Language Processing (NLP) along with the Natural Language Tool-Kit (NLTK). This helps develop a logical Text Summarization tool, which uses the Extractive approach to generate an accurate and a fluent summary. The aim of this tool is to efficiently extract a concise and a coherent version, having only the main needed outline points from the long text or the input document avoiding any type of repetitions of the same text or information that has already been mentioned earlier in the text. The text to be summarized can be inherited from the web using the process of web scraping or entering the textual data manually on the platform i.e., the tool. The summarization process can be quite beneficial for the users as these long texts, needs to be shortened to help them to refer to the input quickly and understand points that might be out of their scope to understand.

Avicenna on Equivocity and Modulation: A Reconsideration of the asmāʾ mushakkika (and tashkīk al-wujūd)

Abstract This study investigates Avicenna’s conception of philosophical terminology through an analysis of the relation between equivocity (ishtirāk) and modulation (tashkīk) and by drawing evidence from a broad array of logical, physical, and metaphysical texts. In so doing, it also re-examines the notion of the modulation of existence (tashkīk al-wujūd). Although the intrinsic definitional ambiguity of tashkīk makes it possible to approach it alternatively through the lens of univocity and equivocity, there are strong textual and philosophical reasons to believe that Avicenna preferred to regard tashkīk as a kind of moderate equivocity, as opposed to both univocity and a kind of pure or absolute equivocity. As a corollary, it is preferable to construe tashkīk al-wujūd as a “modulated equivocity of being” rather than as a “modulated univocity of being.” On the one hand, this underscores the continuity with Aristotle’s theory of pros hen predication and its late-antique Greek and early Arabic reception, which Avicenna, as heir to a long commentatorial tradition, reinterprets in his own way. On the other hand, the reading of the asmāʾ mushakkika and tashkīk al-wujūd proposed here may explain some of the origins of the ontological debates on the construal of existence that developed from the post-classical reception of Avicenna’s works.