Textual Character Research Articles

Targum Chronicles

Abstract In this article I describe two manuscripts of Targum Chronicles that, for different reasons, were not used in editions and studies of this rare Targum. First, manuscript Berlin, SB Or. fol. 4, Bible with a complete set of Targums. I analyse its textual character and point out its resemblance to manuscript Berlin, SB Or. fol. 1210–1211 (a.k.a. Erfurt 1). And second, manuscript Dresden, SLUB, A.46. Thought to have been lost during the Second World War, the manuscript is in fact partly legible and supplies an important additional witness for the last chapters, at least, of Targum Chronicles. Based on this newly available data I demonstrate the complexity of the textual traditions of Targum Chronicles and the need for a re-evaluation of its transmission and reception.

New Perspectives on the Textual Character of Codex Vaticanus

Manuscripts can be studied from different perspectives and for different purposes. On the one hand, manuscripts are artefacts that were produced in a certain place at a certain time and possibly give us a glimpse of that original context. On the other hand, they function as mediators of texts, either unique documents to be studied as sources for historical inquiry or copies of literature that participate in the textual tradition of a certain text.The last-mentioned is my focus in this article, just as it is generally in my research.

Role of Figures in Mathematics Problems in Slovak Testing T9

Besides providing information to pupils, their parents, teachers, and school founders about the achieved level in mathematics, the pupils’ results in mathematics at international or national testing can also be used for other purposes. In our research, the results of Slovak national testing T9 (success rate of pupils and difficulty of individual thematic areas and test items) seem to us to be a reasonable source for identification of critical areas in school mathematics. Based on the findings of such areas, we target more at these areas in the preparation of future teachers of mathematics. The special group of problems, so-called problems with figures, seems to be one of the critical areas. In the assignment of these problems, a part of the input information is not of a purely textual character, and in the process of solving the solver has to read information about objects appearing in the problem and relations between objects from figures (e. g. scheme, graph, chart, table, picture or map). The paper focuses on success rates of pupils in solving problems of this type and on various roles and functions of figures in problems with figures from the testing T9.

Graded conjunction “not only” and its correlates

The subject of this research is the functionality of conjunction “not only” with its various correlates. The author establishes its peculiarities that distinguish it from other graded conjunctions: meaning, relation to pretext, variety of correlates, and typical absence of correlate. The relevance of the selected topic is substantiated by its inclusion in the study of linguistics of the text, and namely linguistic units that fulfill connecting function in the text. The goal lies in determination of peculiarities of the conjunction “not only” and its correlates. The article employs introspective-inductive and descriptive methods. The research presses need to continue studying the text, methods of achieving its cohesion, and expressive means in the context. The conclusion is made that the conjunction “not only” can be qualified as binary graded conjunction with certain peculiarities. Its uniqueness lies in specific manifestation of the gradation meaning; textual character (reference to pretext); instability of its composition; absence of correlate characteristic to this conjunction. Thus, “not only” performs the function of a conjunction and a text bond. The novelty of this research consists in describing the functionality of conjunction “not only” with its various correlates.

The relationship between manuscripts A, B, D and the marginal readings of manuscript B of Ben Sira

The relationship between the Hebrew manuscripts of Ben Sira has long been a riddle for scholars. In his seminal article on ‘The Evolution of the Hebrew Text of Ben Sira’, published in 1934, Moshe Segal came to the conclusion that ‘The material provided by these short and fragmentary parallel passages is too scanty to enable us to establish a classification of the Hebrew MSS. on the basis of their textual character.’ In this study I would like to reassess the intricate question of the relationship between the Hebrew manuscripts of Ben Sira by limiting myself to manuscripts A, B and D with special attention to the numerous and characteristic marginal notations of manuscript B and their relationship to other manuscripts.

Handbills, rumours, and blue cockades: Communication during the 1780 Gordon Riots

The 1780 Gordon Riots saw London experience a week of violent anti-Catholic protest in one of the most significant episodes of civil unrest in British history. Whilst the riots have been subjected to academic study, there has yet to be sustained analysis of how participants in the riots communicated, both with each other and with observers. This article uses analysis of archival material, including accounts of the riots and court transcripts, to argue that the rioters used a variety of methods of communication that can be divided into three categories: textual, verbal, and non-linguistic. More-than-representational approaches are utilised to highlight methods of communication that are obscured by the inherently textual character of historical archives. In doing so, this article contributes to ongoing discussions about the application of more-than-representational approaches to historical geography. The analysis demonstrates that communication served multiple purposes beyond the transmission of information; it helped participants in the riots to act more effectively by developing a sense of a unified and coherent community; it contributed to the creation of affective atmospheres which enabled rioters to use threat to achieve their goals rather than bodily violence; and even allowed rioters to convey a sense of legitimacy.

Handwritten Data Digitization Using an Anchor based Multi-Channel CNN (MCCNN) Trained on a Hybrid Dataset (h-EH)

To develop a holistic system for handwritten English character recognition for manually filled forms by systematically synthesising a robust handwritten textual character dataset for acceptable representation of handwriting. As part of this study, 572 copies of a form were filled by over 200 different individuals to introduce demographic variation. These forms were then scanned and each handwritten character in the forms was labelled and extracted using standard image processing techniques. The dataset of 84,712 character images created by this method (HW-dataset) comprised of both alphabetical and numerical characters. Three hybrid datasets (h-EH) were then formed by combining EMNIST datasets and the HW-dataset based on Digits (h-EHd - 329,668 character images), Alphabets (h-EHa - 163,085 character images) and a mixture of Digits and Alphabets (h-EHm - 189,586 character images). An anchor based image extraction technique was used in conjunction with a Multi-Channel CNN (MCCNN) model which was trained on three versions of h-EH, to automate the process of digitization of handwritten forms. The classification accuracies of the MCCNN for h-EHa, h-EHd and h-EHm are 93%, 96% and 93% respectively for test data. Models trained on only the EMNIST dataset perform poorly on test data. An anchor based object detection method used in conjunction with MCCNN trained on h-EH produces excellent results in digitising hand filled forms. Touch free solutions will gain prevalence due to the emergence of threat of fomites in the world. In such a space, manual handling of forms for the purpose of data entry, digitization and information handling will be considered as potential health and safety hazards. The solution presented in the current work uses a combination of models which is trained on a hybrid handwritten data set with high demographic variability. The model developed as part of this study is well suited for enabling touch free handling of documents.

O texto na análise textual discursiva: uma leitura hermenêutica do “tempestade de luz”

Neste texto, apresentamos uma busca pela compreensão do que vem a ser o “texto” na metodologia de análise qualitativa chamada Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD). Trata-se de um exercício com características fenomenológicas e hermenêuticas, ou seja, descrever e interpretar o caráter textual da ATD. Decidimos como corpus de análise um dos textos que marca a tradição dessa metodologia: “Uma tempestade de luz: a compreensão possibilitada pela análise textual discursiva”, texto inaugural de ATD. Utilizamos a ATD para analisá-lo e identificar traços do que vem a ser o texto nessa metodologia. Realizamos ainda aproximações com as ideias de Hans-Georg Gadamer e suas contribuições acerca de texto e de interpretação. Alcança-se compreender o texto como um conceito hermenêutico de experiências descritivas e interpretativas a partir do pesquisador como tradutor. Apresenta-se ainda a tarefa promovida pela ATD de aprender sobre um fenômeno enquanto o pesquisador ontologicamente se modifica a partir dos textos do mundo. Palavras-chave: Análise Textual Discursiva; Texto; Hermenêutica.

Balaguer al desnudo en el cuento El oidor, de Efraím Castillo

El presente trabajo constituye un estudio del cuento El oidor de Efraím Castillo, en el que, a través del análisis crítico y la revisión bibliográfica, se pretende establecer la estrecha relación que hay entre el personaje literario que lo protagoniza (el oidor) y el personaje histórico que lo inspiró (Joaquín Balaguer). Recurriendo a datos históricos, así como a otros textos literarios y críticos, se compara la personalidad del ente del relato con el ser concreto que vivió y ejerció la actividad política, y se subraya el acierto del autor al recrear rasgos típicos de la personalidad del caudillo. El trabajo destaca que tanto en la realidad social como en la ficción de Castillo el personaje sobresale por uno de sus rasgos más característicos: la no aceptación de la disidencia, de ahí que la intolerancia constituya uno de los comportamientos típicos en el accionar del oidor (personaje ficcional) y de Joaquín Balaguer (personaje real). Al final, como resultado de esas comparaciones, se concluye que, efectivamente, hay un vínculo directo, identificable, entre el personaje textual, el oidor, y la persona real que lo inspira, el caudillo político y escritor Joaquín Balaguer.

Correspondence Between Citizens and Executive Power: Correlative Text Analysis

This article refers to the material of written appeals made by citizens to executive bodies and official responses to the appeals. The authors proceed from the fact that it is possible to objectively assess the quality of written responses to citizens’ appeals only when they are considered together with the initial appeals of the citizens. The authors use an innovative method, applying the linguistic textual approach to the analysis of pairs of business letters. Correlative linguistic textual analysis is demonstrated in the field of two text categories: theme and composition. The article shows the thematic correlation between the response and the original business letter and highlights the most common violations of the categorial thematic correlation (shift of the subject matter of the original letter, incomplete thematic correspondence of the text units in the pair, etc.). The analysis of composition is based on the model composition signs of the letter of appeal and the official reply. Theoretical observations of the linguistic textual character are relevant to the practice of composing official response letters to citizens’ appeals. The use of correlative linguistic text analysis opens an opportunity to objectively evaluate the logical and linguistic quality of the official response letter and develop a methodology for composing response letters on the basis of the source texts.

Intertestamental, Apocrypha, NT Use: Qumran

Intertestamental, Apocrypha, NT UseQumran Christopher T. Begg and Joseph E. Jensen 1499. [Psalm 151 (11Q5)] Marcin Biegas, "Postac Dawida w hebrajskiej wersji Psalmu 151 (11Q5) [The Figure of David in the Hebrew Version of Psalm 151]," BibAn 8 (2018) 5-28. Until the discovery of the DSS, Psalm 151 was known only through its Greek and Latin versions as these appear in the LXX and Vulgate Book of Psalms. In addition, a Syriac translation of the psalm that was included in a tenth cent. a.d. collection of Apocryphal Psalms was known as well. In 1965, James Sanders published the Psalms Scroll (11Q5), a collection of mostly Hebrew psalms with counterparts in the MT Psalter, discovered in Qumran Cave 11, that also included a Hebrew text of Psalm 151. This article focuses on the figure of David as depicted in Psalm 151, which retells, in poetic form, the story of the son of Jesse as related in 1 Samuel 16–17. B. divides his article into two parts: In the first, he discusses the Psalms Scroll in general and reviews the scholarly discussion concerning Psalm 151 in particular. The second part provides the Hebrew text of the psalm along with [End Page 512] a Polish translation of this and linguistic, syntactical, and theological remarks concerning it. [Adapted from published abstract] 1500. [DSS] Lutz Doering, "Law and Lawlessness in Texts from Qumran," Law and Lawlessness, 9-28 [see #1560]. In his essay, D. examines the centrality of law-abidance in the documents from Qumran, arguing that on the whole the texts display a general ethos of law-abidance and a similar conceptualization of sin and transgression. The Qumran documents do not understand the term "lawlessness" in the sense of an exemption from the law for the sectarians; rather, lawlessness is taken as a matter of disregard for, or disobedience to the law on the part of (other) Israelites. As such, the term occurs mostly in three connections in the Scrolls: first as the historic lawlessness of Israel, from which those seeking initiation into the Qumran group had to return to the Torah of Moses; second, as a (re)lapse of group members or initiates into various kinds of lawlessness; and third, as the present lawlessness of others, such as those whose practices are guided by a "wrong" calendar, a corrupt legal tradition, or a faulty understanding of the Torah. [Adapted from published abstract] 1501. [Zion Psalm from Wadi Murabba>at] Ariel Feldman, "An Overlooked Psalm Addressing Zion from Wadi Murabba>at," JBL 138 (2019) 365-76. This note revisits a psalm addressing Zion Mur 6, a scroll found in the caves of Wadi Murabba>at. It offers a revised edition of the psalm based on recent infrared images and attempts to situate it within the wider group of Second Temple texts addressing Jerusalem. [Adapted from published abstract] 1502. [DSS; Prophetic Books] Simone Pagani, "Biblische Prophetie in der Bibliothek am Toten Meer. Einige Beobachtungen zu den Prophetenschriften in den Dead Sea Scrolls," Profeti Maggiori e Minori, 25-36 [see #1625]. P.'s short article begins with summary comments on the Qumran site, its (non-Essene) inhabitants, and the DSS as a whole. It then focuses on the corpus of 44 manuscripts—many of them quite fragmentary—containing portions of the Latter Prophets of the Hebrew Bible. Here P provides information concerning the DSS witnesses to the Books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve, and their textual character (proto-MT, proto-LXX, "unaligned") represented by these. He concludes with three theses concerning, respectively, the relationship between the MT and the DSS text of the Prophetic Books, the Twelve Prophets as a collection in the DSS witnesses, and the importance of prophecy in Second Temple Judaism vis-à-vis the relative "unimportance" of the prophetic books themselves as suggested by the above-mentioned fact that among the some 1,000 manuscripts recovered from the Judean Desert area only 44 are of the Latter Prophets of the Hebrew Bible. 1503. [DSS; Genesis 12–50] Marek Parchem, "Księga Rodzaju 12–50 w Qumran: Interpretacja opowiadań o patriachach w wybranych tekstach z Pustyni Judzkiej [Genesis...

Jornal como fonte e/ou objeto da escrita histórica: proposta metodológica aplicada à análise das representações sobre “o político” na “grande imprensa carioca” de 1955 a 1960

Este trabalho faz breves considerações metodológicas sobre o uso da imprensa, especialmente do jornal, como fonte e/ou objeto de estudos históricos. Tal proposta se justifica ao se considerar a carência de uma sistematização acerca dos diferentes tipos de precauções que devem ser tomadas ao se utilizar os jornais em distintas pesquisas. Dessa forma, o trabalho está dividido em quatro partes, iniciando com uma abordagem mais descritiva, onde alguns dos principais cuidados metodológicos, de caráter pré-textual, foram sintetizados. Em um segundo momento, tem-se um tratamento mais prático, onde é apresentada uma metodologia que dê conta de atender as demandas do nível pré-textual. Sendo que, essa metodologia foi desenvolvida a partir de um estudo de caso, mais especificamente, para a pesquisa que objetiva analisar as representações sobre “o político”, nas páginas dos jornais Jornal do Brasil, Correio da Manhã, Última Hora e O Globo, no período de 1955 a 1960. Já no terceiro momento, são elencados alguns apontamentos relacionados ao caráter textual da utilização dos periódicos na escrita histórica. Por fim, se encerra o artigo com a exposição de metodologias que dão conta da formação de um corpus documental de análise baseado em textos jornalísticos. Salienta-se que tais metodologias também foram desenvolvidas para o estudo de caso acima referido.

COMMUNICATIVE AND PRAGMATIC MEANING OF CONTAMINATED COHERENCE IN ENGLISH MULTIMODAL LITERARY FAIRY TALES WRITTEN BY PHILIP ARDAGH

The article reveals and characterizes the structural, semiotic and narrative aspects of the category of coherence in English multimodal literary fairy tales written by Philip Ardagh that determine its textual character. The communicative and pragmatic meaning of contaminated coherence in the text of English multimodal literary fairy tales written by Philip Ardagh has been realized by micro inclusions (56%), mesoinclusions (33%) and macro inclusions (11%). The communicative and pragmatic meaning of contaminated coherence is based on the explicit and implicit levels of reading the identical information encoded by the addresser Philip Ardagh in the text of English multimodal literary fairy tales. Explicit / fairy-tale level of reading English multimodal literary fairy tale provides information for the children’s audience and is based on a parallel correlation between verbal and iconic components. The implicit / latent philosophical level of reading English multimodal literary fairy tale is aimed at an adult audience and consists of a paragraphemic / graphic component that contributes connotative semantic or prosodic nuances to the meaning of the verbal component. The focus of the text of English multimodal literary fairy tale on two recipients signals the origin of the game which combines simultaneously the subjectivity (inherent to a child recipient) and the objectivity (characteristic of an adult recipient) concerning perception of “magic” events. Symbiosis of verbal and nonverbal channels concerning sensory perception of information performs the function of a multimodal marker / quantum which influences the interpreting capabilities of two distinct recipients decoding their levels of reading the text of English multimodal literary fairy tale.

Six Viable Readings from Isaiah 1–39 in the Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa)

In order to illustrate the contribution of the Great Isaiah Scroll from Qumran (1QIsaa) to textual criticism, this paper presents six viable readings for Isaiah 1–39, i.e. variants that most likely represent the original Hebrew text. In assessing the cases of Isaiah 3 : 24 ; 9 : 16 [English 9 : 17] ; 18 : 7 ; 19 : 18 ; 21 : 8 ; 23 : 10, the author takes into account the textual character of the manuscript, the scribal habits of the copyist, the work of scholars and commentaries on the Book of Isaiah, recent translations of Isaiah, as well as the context and the overall sense of the passage. In all six instances — with the possible exception of Isa 19 : 18 — the reading in 1QIsaa is found to be compelling. These readings and similar ones should therefore be included as part of the main text of Isaiah (not the apparatus) in future editions of the Hebrew Bible, and part of the main text of Isaiah in future translations (not the footnotes).

ALLEGORICAL IMAGERY OF VIRA VOVK`S POETRY

The aim of the article is to show the allegory as one of the techniques of modeling art reality in the work of Vira Vovk. The paper investigates the structural and functional features of allegorical images, focuses on the relationship between metaphorical and allegorical methods of artistic generalization in the works of the poet.The authors apply the methods of structural, semantic and stylistic analysis of the text based on the principles of cognitive theory of metaphor. The results show that Vira Vovk`s creative evolution regarded as a movement to create a complete unity based on such philosophical and aesthetic principles as religion, national tradition of folk and mythological motifs shaped on synthetics creative thinking. The mature work of the poet are considered in such poetry collections as “Kappa Cross”, “Obarinky” “Oratorio of praise” and ”Land sparkling”, presents the poetic imagination intention to create spacious generalized cross motifs, metaphors and detailed symfor uniting objectives arrays of collections and are detailed in consecutive rows of symbols, allegories, parabolas, which are the backbone to individual collections cycles, concrete poems. A special role in Vira Vovk`s lyrics plays metonymy which considered the material of poetry collections “Women's mask”, “Obarinky” and “Oratorio of praise”.So, the article illustrated that poets rarely uses a straight allegory, as in the book “Obarinky”, which contains a large collection of classic and non-canonical myths and allegories. Much more productive is to use in the work different elements of metonymy that under the metaphorical artistic strategies are synthetic images which features inherent textual metaphors symfory, metonymy and character. These images constitute the conceptual basis for artistic model of the world, sending in final assembly “Oratorio of praise”. They form the basis poetic universe, spiritual lyrical characteristics and determine its main field of activity, the world of ideas, experiences and feelings.

Gramatyczna stylistyka porównawcza jako podstawa metodologiczna w nauczaniu przekładu tekstów specjalistycznych

In teaching of specialized translation not only terminology, but also stylistics plays great role. And if terminological problems are the central object in the dydactisc of specialized translation, then stylystic matters are regarded as peripheral. It appears however, that stylystics could be the key to the naturalness of translation, especially if it concerns translations from native language into foreign one. I don’t mean here traditional functional stylystics, but text stylystics and text grammar in comparative and – first of all – translatological dimension. Assuming textual character of specialized trasnaltion, I propose including into the model of specialized traslation such a translational unit as a text category. Due to this approach translation of specialized texts complies with contemporary text-oriented translation studies. The dynamics of the term in Russian linguistics is analyzed, the author also proposes to develop on this base comparative stylistic grammar for translation purposes.

CharaParser+EQ: Performance evaluation without gold standard

ABSTRACTTo make phenotypic characters of organisms widely useful for computerized biology research, biocurators manually convert character descriptions to a structured format, for example the Entity‐Quality (EQ) format. The manual approach is time consuming and affected by inter‐curator variations. In this paper we report a software application, CharaParser+EQ, to our knowledge the first software that produces EQ statements from textual character descriptions. We report a recent experiment that evaluates the performance of the software against three experienced biocurators. While the software is still far from being able to compete with biocurators on this highly intellectual task, the results show (1) CharaParser+EQ's performance (precision and recall) is greatly improved compared to a previous version, (2) the completeness of the ontologies used in the process has significant impact both on the software's EQ generation performance and on the agreement among curators, and (3) unlimited access to external knowledge (published papers, books) by curators has no significant impact on inter‐curator agreements. A detailed error analysis that compares machine and curator generated EQs is included.

Eine biblische (Fundamental-)Theologie des Gottesdienstes in der Pluralität christlicher Liturgien?

Abstract This contribution is a critical assessment of Gregor Etzelmüller’s habilitation thesis, which was published in 2010 under the title »… zu schauen die schönen Gottesdienste des Herrn«. Eine biblische Theologie der christlichen Liturgiefamilien. A presentation of current research trends in systematic theological reflection of worship in ecumenical discourse shows that Etzelmüller chooses an approach of his own. Etzelmüller is not so much interested in the performative character of worship but its basic textual character. He considers the Bible as a decisive pre-text of Christian liturgies and hence responsible for their commonalities; likewise, as a pluralistic library, it is responsible for their differences. Heinrich Assel and Johannes Modeß underline that the broad approach of Etzelmüller’s book opens up new perspectives for liturgical research. They nevertheless critically reflect on some of his methodological decisions and suggest that worship as an event cannot only be understood via (the interpretation of) liturgical texts.

Online Password Guessing Attacks by Using Persuasive Click Point with Dynamic User Block

The goal of knowledge-based authentication system is to guide the users in creating graphical passwords. User often creates memorable passwords that are easy for attackers to guess, but strong system assigned passwords are difficult for user to remember. So the researchers of modern days use alternative methods where graphical pictures are used as a password. Human brain is good in remembering picture than textual character. Various graphical password techniques are used, now PCCP with dynamic user blocks approach presents a more feasible way of varying the security level depending upon the user's requirements. The proposed system lets the user to select the security level. In order to help the user to memorize the password audio support can also be provided. The system influence the user to create a click based graphical password, which is more random, so that it will be difficult for the hackers to guess it.

A Simplified Method for Handwritten Character Recognition from Document Image

paper presents a simple and effective technique for converting handwritten textual character from paper document into machine readable form. The proposed method takes the scanned image of the handwritten character from paper document as input and shows the recognized character as its output. Using this method, the object in the converted binary image is segmented and is resized in a global size. After that, morphological thinning operation is applied on that resized object. The image with thinned object is then partitioned into several equal sizes of small cells. A value from each cell is estimated by calculating the proportion of the number of 1 intensity pixels and the number of 0 intensity pixels in the corresponding cell. All of these estimated values are then stored in a one dimensional array. Every element in that array is considered as a single feature value or an attribute for the corresponding image. The k-nearest neighbor classifier is used to classify the handwritten character into the recognized classes of characters. Feature values are estimated from training example images and the classifier is trained using the attributes. After training attribute values for sample image are extracted and passed as inputs in the k-nearest neighbor classifier and the sample image object is grouped using the training dataset into the desired character classes. The proposed technique takes less time to compute, has less complexity and shows desired performance in matching the handwritten characters with the machine readable form and in recognizing them.