Texts Of Tales Research Articles

ANALISIS POLA KALIMAT PADA DONGENG MUNI PENIUP TEROMPET KARYA ENDANG FIRDAUS

A sentence is the smallest unit of language, in oral or written form, and capable of expressing a complete thought. Fairy tales are fictional stories that not only contain moral values, but are also made to entertain. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the sentence patterns in the fairy tale “Muni Peniup Terompet” by Endang Firdaus using descriptive qualitative research methods. In this research, secondary data was used and data collection was carried out using observation and analysis methods, then carrying out reading and note-taking techniques. The results of this research contain sentence patterns in the fairy tale texts being analyzed. The sentence patterns found are: 1) S and P; 2) S-P and O; 3) S-P-O and K; 4) K-S-P and O; and 5) K-S-P and K. Keywords: Sentence, Sentence Patterns, Fairy Tale

THE LINGUISTIC PICTURE OF THE WORLD IN THE KAZAKH FAIRY TALE: THE CONCEPT OF GOOD AND EVIL

The article considers the concept of «good» in Kazakh fairy tales. Revealing the worldview, behavior, and general character of a people means identifying the most important socio-psychological characteristics that have historically developed from the socio-economic system, way of life, existence, living conditions, etc. The formation of people’s national way of life is influenced by natural conditions, the world of plants and animals, which, in turn, determines the type of work they do, the system of traditions and customs. The linguistic picture of the world is a holistic, systematic reflection of reality, carried out using various linguistic means. The article examines the reflection of the fable «Good follows good, evil follows evil» in fairy tales, which was formed in the Kazakh worldview. It is studied as the basis of knowledge accumulated from the life experience of the people, and is subjected to scientific analysis based on the data of the fairy tale. When we study good and evil together, no matter what folk tale we take, there is no hero who gets his way by doing bad things. There will never be such a hero. It is believed that the opposition of good and evil is present in every language, in the linguistic image of every world. In the texts of folk tales there are sometimes multiple variations. This is natural, since folk tales have many different versions. In this case, one of the most important factors is that the fairy tale is easy to read and easily perceived. The difference between good and evil, which is still considered relevant today in the linguistic picture of the world in Kazakh fairy tales, and its definition through simple reflections of everyday life is easily illustrated with visual and specific data. Keywords: literature, fairy tale, national peculiarity, culture, folklore, opposition, concept.

ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРНЫЕ ЦЕННОСТИ В ЭПИЧЕСКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ (на материале якутского и алтайского эпических текстов)

This article is devoted to the identification of universal and national values in the epic texts Mighty Er Sogotokh and Maadai-Kara. The relevance of the study of the problem is due to the growing interest in the comparative study of linguistic and cultural features in multi-system languages based on the material of epic texts. The following methods are used in the work: the continuous sampling method, linguistic and cultural and interpretative analyses, and the comparative method. The material for the analysis was extracted by a continuous sampling method from the original texts of epic tales, provided with a line-by-line translation into Russian. The purpose of the work is to identify and describe universal and national-specific attitudes in the value perception of the surrounding world, reflected in the linguistic units of epic tales. The study revealed that both texts enshrine such basic values as family, attention to people, safety, respect for parents, Homeland, justice, health, etc., which show their relative stability in the temporal and spatial dimensions. The vital, cultural, moral, spiritual, terminal, and other values available in each community exist collectively in one context. It is also revealed that the life-affirming imperative is translated from the position of the characters, for example, the father and mother of the main characters or on behalf of the mistress of Altai, who have significant experience in pragmatic communication with the outside world and the nature of the worldview of the inhabitants of the space of their existence. Thus, a general picture of values is formed for transmission to the inexperienced, the young, or those who are looking for value supports to know themselves and others, are in search of answers to the multifaceted questions of human existence, etc. The prospect of further work is seen in a more detailed and in-depth development of the dominant values that determine the norms of behavior in various discursive practices of related languages.

The system of images in Romanian-Moldovan folklore (based on the fairy tales by M. Eminescu and I. Creangă)

The article deals with the system of images in the magic fairy tales by M. Eminescu and I. Creangă. The research purpose is to determine the invariant features of the characters in Romanian-Moldovan folklore, to contrast the authors’ images of the characters with their prototypes and to compare the systems of images of both M. Eminescu and I. Creangă. The nominative approach allows us to find out how this specificity is manifested in the fairy tale texts through the names of various characters. The article covers detailed descriptions of Romanian-Moldovan magic fairy tale personages. These include positive characters, such as Făt-Frumos and Ileana Cosânzeana, as well as villains, for instance, Muma Pădurii, Statupalmă-barbă-cot and Zmeul. The classification of characters is based on the V. Propp and E. Meletinsky approach to the magic fairy tale. The article studies primary and secondary nominations of magic fairy tale personages and determines their stylistic, national and cultural potential. The study shows that the image of a character is formed through the use of nominations, whose semantics indicates certain attributes of the personage under consideration. These attributes include the character’s name, age, appearance, moral virtues, occupation and place of residence. Some nominations can have a number of positive meanings and play a pivotal role in shaping the ideal image of the protagonist. In magic fairy tales, antagonists are presented by means of nominations with negative semantics.

Verbal representation of the emotional world of heroes: based on the material of the Khakass heroic legend «Албынҷы»

The language of the heroic tale is a complex system that encodes information about the national, ideological, cultural foundations of an ethnic group, and is significantly different from the literary and colloquial styles of the modern language. Despite the fact that the texts of heroic tales have always aroused the scientific interest of researchers, their linguistic categories have not yet received sufficient study. The purpose of our article is to identify and describe the linguistic (in particular, verbal) expression of the emotional world of heroes. The material for the functional-semantic analysis was the verbal vocabulary with the meaning of emotion, collected by continuous sampling from the text of the Khakass heroic legend «Албынҷы». According to our information, this folklore monument contains 19 verbs, 3 phraseological units and 1 clichéd expression representing the emotional world of epic characters. The small number of representatives of the emotional world of heroes is compensated by their ambiguity and, accordingly, their ability to cover all the necessary aspects of emotional activity. The work used descriptive (descriptiveanalytical) and functional-semantic research methods. The relevance of our research is due to the insufficient knowledge of the language of Khakass heroic tales, in particular, the verbal sphere from the perspective of the anthropocentric paradigm, as well as the small number of special works on this topic based on the material of other Turkic folklore texts. The novelty of the research is that for the first time, not only in Khakass, but also in other Turkic languages, verbs expressing the emotional experiences of heroes are considered as an irreplaceable and important fragment of the folk-linguistic picture of the world. During the analysis of linguistic material, it was revealed that epic heroes can experience the following emotions: anger, surprise, excitement, fear, compassion, shame, love (more precisely, dislike), suffering, grief, which are expressed by stylistically neutral, frequency verbs. And also the verbal vocabulary with the meaning of crying and laughter stands somewhat apart from them, since its content equally contains emotions and the physiological reaction of the subject to the corresponding emotional stimuli. Clichéd expressions and phraseological units also add shades of color and originality to the process of emotional activity. Linguistic folkloristics, as a new direction in Khakassian studies, is at the initial stage of its development. The language of Khakass heroic tales has many unstudied, unsolved, and therefore interesting conceptual fields in the lexical-semantic, functional-semantic, semantic-cognitive, linguocultural aspects. We believe that this topic has good linguistic potential and prospects for future research.

Layers of Folkloric Variation: Computational Explorations of Poetic and Narrative Text Corpora

Variation is a core feature of folklore that plays a part in configuring the processes of folkloric communication, transmission and creativity. Computational analysis of large folklore collections offers new outlooks on the study of variation. The article explores the nature of folkloric variation on the basis of folk song and fairy tale text corpora from the Estonian Folklore Archives. Our enquiry into regional variation in Estonian folk song showed different patterns of geographic variation for metre, repertoire and language. To investigate further the possibilities to disassemble the components of variation we turned to a smaller corpus of fairy tale texts from the distinct Seto language community. The results of stylometric analysis of fairy tales collected within the close language community as a rule found that word usage patterns in stories told by the same storytellers were closer to each other than stories with the same content (i.e. tale types). However, other factors, such as collectors’ individual styles, recording time, length of text, and storyteller’s place of origin contributed notably to similarity as per stylometric scores. The study has shown that the individual features and aspects of such a complex phenomenon as folklore can follow its own variation patterns. Computational analysis of the variation in large text corpora helps us get a better understanding of the functioning of variation, and the processes of folkloric creation. However, the layers of folkloric variation are not that easy to disassemble, one must be aware of the biases in text corpora and keep in mind the effect of the linguistic variation on the results.

Myths and tales about the animals of the Oirats of Xinjiang

The subject of the study is the fabulous folklore of the Oirats of Xinjiang. The object of the study is the specificity of mythological and fairy-tale texts about animals. It should be noted that the fabulous folklore of the Oirats still remains little known to domestic researchers, despite the fact that attempts to study it began in the middle of the last century. The study of Oirat folklore is especially relevant for domestic Mongolian studies, since it is historically connected with the folklore tradition of Russian Kalmyks and Altaians. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the study of fairy-tale texts and the identification of common artistic means, which allows us to establish and explain the general systemic connections between these ethnolocal folklore traditions. The research methods are comparative analysis and the method of interpretation of fairy tale text. For the study of fairy tale narrative, this approach turns out to be potentially heuristic: both directions mutually determine each other, revealing multidimensional connections of the once unified folklore tradition. Myths and tales about animals represent the ancient genre of fairy tale folklore of the Oirats of Xinjiang. The main contribution of the study consist in the statement the myths and tales' content retains mythological elements associated with the archaic ideas of the ethnos about living beings of the world around them. Particular attention is paid to figurative language, rich in expressive poetic expressions, an abundance of figurative means, and a large volume of vocabulary of the original language of the Oirats. All this testifies to the preservation of the fairy-tale-mythological fund and performing tradition of the Oirats of Xinjiang. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that during the analysis of fairy tales and myths about animals as a special genre, it was established that there is no allegory in the content of the archaic animal tale of the Oirats of Xinjiang, despite the fact that its main characters are animals. According to archaic views, man believed that animals were once people. Therefore, in many ways, the animal world was perceived as a reflection of the human world, and the morals of animals were equated with the same qualities of humans.

STRATEGIES OF COGNITIVE IMAGES TRANSLATION IN FAIRY TALES (WESTERN AND EASTERN SLAVIC INTERCULTURAL PARALLELS)

The object is the semantic-grammatical and figurative-cognitive structure of phraseological analogues and fixed comparisons (in Czech and Slovak fairy tale texts) is traced in detail, taking into account their transformations in translation and types of interlingual phraseological equivalents, cases of replacement of phrases and paraphrases by non-phraseological contexts are explicated, and vice versa, the use of figurative signs and idioms in the target text that are not present in the original text (units with spatial semantics, emotion metaphors, folklorems and cognitems related to social and marriage concepts) are analysed. The purpose of this article is the differences in the figurative and conceptual structure, some initial, medial and final formulas in parallel texts and in comparison with other linguistic cultures, in particular Ukrainian and Polish fairy tale discourse (the concept of the Way, the journey, typical for fairy tales) are briefly described. Conclusions: Differences can also be traced at the level of semantic variation in the ways of expressing the difficult tasks and ordeals of the heroes, for example, the idea of the impossible or certain pragmatic formulas and constructions. These and other transformations of plots and motifs are typical of fairy tales in different linguistic cultures. This gives grounds to refer to them as peculiar cognitems. Where relevant, authors provides ethnocultural comments on the motivation of the images, their connection with traditional folk culture, ritual and customary representations of a particular ethnic group, and highlights the specifics of the rendering of these cultural realia, the symbolic function of objects and characters in the compared languages (verbalisation of the concepts of old age, unmarriedness, laziness, ways of phraseological representation of the semantic opposition of friend and foe, good and evil, clean and dirty, etc.). *The study is published with the support of the international grant project Erasmus+ KA220-HED No. 2021–1-SK01-KA220-HED-000022917 entitled The innovation of the concept and curriculum of doctoral study programs and increasing their effectiveness.

Representations of the celestial bodies in fairy tale texts

This work identifies and records the errors and inaccuracies in representing celestial bodies in fairy tales. It also presents the alternative ideas that may arise in children due to these inaccuracies and errors. The qualitative content analysis examined the texts of 55 classic fairy tales by authors Andersen, Perrault, and the Brothers Grimm. The results showed that the Moon, the Sun, and the Stars are not represented based on the scientific standard. Finally, the common characteristics of errors and inaccuracies and ways of using these fairy tales in teaching sciences are presented.

Kajian Unsur-unsur Semantik pada Cerpen Sepotong Senja untuk Pacarku Karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma 2023

As a literary form, short stories contain a plethora of semantic components that are essential to communicating ideas to readers. It's crucial to comprehend the semantic components of short stories if you want to fully appreciate and analyze literary masterpieces. Because of this, the two main objectives of this study are to (1) examine the use of meaning kinds and (2) analyze the use of meaning relations in short stories. A descriptive approach is used in the research method, which is qualitative research. The primary data came from short tale texts, while the secondary data came from books, earlier research, journals, and other pertinent sources. The study's findings demonstrate how referential and non-referential semantic elements are used in the short story. Additionally, it was discovered that synonyms, antonyms, hypernyms, and hyponyms were used. Understanding the semantic components of this short story helps one better appreciate the point the author is trying to make. This study can advance literary studies and deepen our grasp of the semantic components of contemporary short stories.

Implementation of the Evaluation of Tale Text Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic for Class X Students of SMA Negeri 6 Bengkulu City

Pelaksanaan evaluasi pembelajaran teks hikayat pada masa pandemi Covid-19 berbeda dengan yang selama ini dilakukan oleh guru bahasa Indonesia. Untuk itu tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan evaluasi pembelajaran teks hikayat yang dilaksanakan oleh guru bahasa Indonesia selama pandemi covid-19 pada siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 6 Kota Bengkulu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni metode deskriptif. Sesuai dengan tujuan dari penelitian ini, penulis ingin melihat bagaimana pelaksanaan evaluasi pada pembelajaran teks hikayat yang dilakukan oleh guru bahasa Indonesia yang mengajar di kelas X selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah ibu Eka Darlina, M.Pd sebagai guru bahasa Indonesia yang melaksanakan evaluasi pembelajaran teks hikayat pada siswa kelas X. Metode pengumpulan data yaitu dengan wawancara, dokumentasi. Langkah-langkah analisis data yaitu 1) pengumpulan data, 2) reduksi data, 3) penyajian data, 4) penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan evaluasi pembelajaran teks hikayat selama pandemi covid-19 guru memanfaatkan media online yaitu aplikasi Google Form dan Google Classroom sebagai media pelaksanaan evaluasi pembelajaran khususnya pada teks hikayat. Prosedur penilaian yang disusun oleh guru dengan menyiapkan RPP dan LKPD, menentukan tujuan penilaian, menyusun kisi-kisi, menyiapkan instrumen penilaian, penyampaian hasil penilaian, dan manfaat penilaian yang dilaksanakan pada evaluasi pembelajaran teks hikayat. Jenis evaluasi pembelajaran yang digunakan guru adalah jenis evaluasi formatif dan alat evaluasi yang digunakan dalam evaluasi pembelajaran dalam bentuk subjektif atau soal-soal dalam bentuk essay.

Особенности использования тропов в карачаево-балкарских произведениях устного народ-ного творчества (на материале сказок о животных)

The special attention of scientists – writers, linguists, historians, ethnographers, folklorists, at all times was attracted by the study of folklore works, but so far there has not been a comprehensive study of the speech and genre originality of the Karachay-Balkarian folklore tale. Now there is a need to fill in the existing gaps in the assimilation of the issues of the linguistic embodiment of the studied genre. At the moment, the Karachay-Balkar fairy tales about animals are the most poorly studied, despite all the achievements of folklore researchers, many issues of studying artis-tic, visual, linguistic and stylistic features still remain unresolved. Based on scientific analysis in Karachay-Balkarian linguistics, using the experience of scientists-researchers of different nations in the study of modern linguistics and folklore, the article analyzes the indicated features of ani-malistic fairy tale texts of Karachays and Balkars. The paper considers such tropes as a stylistic device - personifications, lexical repetitions, gives a classification to epithets, and also focuses on previously unexplored, indefinite pronouns "bir" – "some" that abound in folklore works, acting as epithets. These artistic and expressive means are used to characterize the characters of the amazing world of animals and plants, to en-hance the expressiveness and emotionality of their language, which is the basis of the original cul-ture of the carrier people, which embodies the essential views and features of the national mentali-ty. It should be noted that for many centuries the language of fairy tales has been enriched with genre-forming and style-forming components, therefore, further multidimensional study of all is-sues related to these folklore works is necessary.

CONCEPTUALIZATION OF TIME IN BRITISH AND ARMENIAN FOLK TALES: METAPHOR AND METONYMY

Thе paper deals with the conceptualization of time with metonymies and metaphors in British and Armenian folk tales. Folk tale text as an imaginative and fictitious phenomenon carries some vivid aspects of unconscious and is considered to be a valuable material for linguistic research. The examples under analysis illustrate that in both British and Armenian folk tales the abstract concept of time is metaphorized as subject, space, and object. Moreover, the study shows that rituals, lifestyles, agricultural activities, natural phenomena, food products, and names of kingdoms are widely used as metonymies in the folk tale genre.

Մտափոխությունը՝ որպես հղիության ցուցիչ (բանահյուսական նյութերի համատեքստում)

The paper touches upon the issues related to pregnancy cravings. We focus on the phenomenon 'craving' in real and epic milieu: in the context of fairy tales. The study shows that pregnancy cravings and the pregnant woman are the key thread in many traditional tales. The pregnant woman faces many obstacles while getting the desired food or drink. Besides the fairy tale texts, this phenomenon is widely expressed in different rhymes.

An assessment on tales of skulls told in Anatolia

Kurukafa bir şekil değiştirme motifi olarak masallarda sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Masallarda kurukafa motifi, konuşan kurukafalar, istenilen bir bebeğin kurukafa şeklinde dünyaya gelmesi ya da yapılan bir büyü sonucunda kurukafa şekline dönüşme olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Kurukafa her şeyden önce bir kemiktir. Kemik ise gerek şamanizmde gerekse semavi dinlerde kutsaldır. Anadolu coğrafyasında ise nazardan korunmak için kurukafalardan yararlanılmaktadır. Kurukafa motifi masallarda, halk hikâyelerinde, menkıbe ve efsanelerde de sıklıkla yer almaktadır. 14. yüzyılda Hüsam Kâtib tarafından yazılmış olan Dâsitân-ı Cümcüme Sultan’da da Hz. İsa’nın yol üzerinde bir kuru kafa ile karşılaşması onu diriltmesi ve onunla konuşması konu edilmiştir. Kuru kafa aynı zamanda başla da ilişkilidir. Vücudun temel uzvu olan baş yeniden dirilme inancıyla da ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmada ise kurukafa motifi, Türkiye-Anadolu sahasında anlatılan kurukafa masalları çerçevesinde değerlendirilecektir. Masallarda yer alan kurukafa motifinin, motif olmanın dışında başlı başına bir masal kahramanı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu durum kurukafa masallarında yer alan bu kemiğin farklı işlev ve fonksiyonlarının olduğunu da düşündürmektedir. Gerek anlatılarda gerekse halk yaşamı içerisindeki pratik, inanış ve uygulamalarda yer alan kurukafaların masal dünyası içerisinde görünen anlamının dışında da bir anlamı olduğunu düşünmekteyiz. Bu düşünceden hareketle kurukafaların birincil kahraman olduğu masallarda yer alan kurukafanın simgesel anlamları üzerinde durulacaktır. Çalışmada, kurukafa ve yeniden dirilme/diriltme motifleri örnek masal metinleri üzerinden incelenecektir.

ТИПОЛОГИЯ МИФОНИМОВ В ТЕКСТЕ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ СКАЗКИ В ЖАНРЕ «ФЭНТЕЗИ» И СПОСОБЫ ИХ ПЕРЕВОДА (на материале сказки Э. Д. Бейкер «A Tale of the Wide-Awake Princess: Princess between Worlds»)

The features of the mythonyms functioning in the modern fairy tale text of a genre “fantasy” by E. D. Baker “A Tale of the Wide-Awake Princess: Princess between Worlds”, as well as the specifics of their translation are considered. Within the research the typology of mythonyms has been studied; onyms from the category of neomyphonyms and spellonyms have been identified; the relationship between mythoanthroponym, neomyphonym and spellonym has been determined. As a result of the research, methods of translating mythonyms that function in the general picture and the figurative system of the artistic work of E. D. Baker have been distinguished and described. In research studies proper names are an important detail of the figurative system of creative work and the general picture of the literary work, therefore there is a need for a practical rethinking of the issue of the functioning and methods of conveying the names of fictional characters in a modern literary work. Increasingly, in research studies, linguists raise the issue of the use of blended methods of translating anthroponyms, in particular, mythonyms, which is confirmed in this study. In the course of practical research, it was found that despite the well-established tradition of translating anthroponyms, blended translation is the dominant method, and the field of anthroponymy also remains a relevant field for studying the specifics of the functioning and translation of mythonyms in modern fairy tales of the fantasy genre.

Stylistic text characteristics of Mari folk fairy tales

Introduction. The relevance of the article is determined by the need to identify and describe the stylistic characteristics of the texts of folklore genres, as well as revealing the composition of the identified expressive means and figurative techniques of the Mari language. With a modern interest to the spiritual heritage of nations, the development of philological sciences, an analysis of the stylistic characteristics of the texts of Mari fairy tales can provide a more complete picture of the language and style of Mari folklore, which is an integral part of the system of functional styles of the Mari language. The article presents new data on the systemic nature of stylistic devices in the texts of folk tales. Materials and Methods. The empirical material is presented by 133 Mari folk fairy tales borrowed from various sources and considered from the stylistics within the framework of the theory of systems using a combination of general scientific (analysis and synthesis) and specific stylistic (semantic-stylistic, stylistic interpretation of the text) methods. Results and Discussion. The identified and described set of expressive and figurative means testifies to the wide variety of the components of folklore functional style, which is part of the system of styles of the Mari language. The algorithm for studying expressive means and figurative techniques in the texts of fairy tales presented in the article makes it possible to use the theoretical basis and methodological base in the study of texts of other folklore genres that belong not only to the Mari linguistic culture. Conclusion. The relevance and significance of the research is determined by the tasks set in it resulting in definition of new data on the systemic nature and components of the style of folk fairy tales. The main part of the system of stylistic devices is made up of expressive techniques of the phonological and syntactic levels of texts, supplemented by techniques of the morphological and lexical levels.

Strategies of Cultural and Pragmatic Adaptation of Karachay-Balkarian Children Fairy Tales in Translation: The Limits of What is Possible and Permissible (Based on Translations of Karachay-Balkarian Fairy Tales into Russian and English)

The relevance of this study is due to the growing interest in translations of fairy tales of small peoples and methods of linguistic and cultural translation of the content of the text in the process of translation. The work is interdisciplinary in nature and is at the intersection of cultural linguistics, folklore studies, comparative linguistics, and translation. The aim of the work is to determine how information about the values of the Karachay-Balkarian linguoculture is verbalized in the texts of fairy tales in the Karachay-Balkarian language, as well as to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of strategies of linguocultural adaptation (explication or elimination of national color) of this type of text into Russian and English. To solve the set tasks, two complementary research methods were used: an introspective method, oriented to the process (the author’s translation of five Karachay-Balkarian fairy tales into English), and the traditional method of retrospective analysis for translation studies by comparing the originals of Karachay-Balkarian fairy tales and their published translations into Russian. The material for this study was the Collection of Karachay-Balkarian fairy tales and legends, the Collection of Karachay-Balkarian fairy tales (transl. by A. Alieva, A. Kholayev, 1983), the Collection of Karachay fairy tales (transl. by I. Rumyantseva, 1981), the Collection of folk tales of Balkarians and Karachays (transl. by A. Alieva, A. Kholayev, 2003). The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the Karachay-Balkarian fairy tale as a cultural narrative of the people is considered in the aspect of translation criticism. The translation of such tales is conditioned by both a culturally specific plot and the form that is its basis - cultural details, peculiarities of mentality, expressed in language and constituting a special axiological background of the Karachai-Balkarian fairy tale. When translating, a significant part of these formal elements can be neutralized by translators for the sake of children’s perception (use of analogues in the target text, omission, deliberate domestication of the source text), which, however, leads to the loss of the main thing - the national and cultural originality of the source text. When explicating the cultural characteristics, the translator makes the reader familiar with the national flavor of another culture, however, at the same time, some excessive culturally specific information is transferred into the target text, which can cause misunderstanding or distorted perception on the part of the child reader (for example, the topic of polygamy and the peculiarities of the distribution of roles in family). In this regard, a balanced approach to the choice of the optimal strategy for the cultural and pragmatic adaptation of fairy tale texts during translation is necessary: the translator’s decision to explicate or eliminate national cultural specificity is of a compromise nature.

FAIRY TALE: A UNIQUE METHOD OF ENRICHING VOCABULARY

The article presents the peculiarities and the importance of enriching vocabulary via fairy tale text. Fairy tale as a type of text (including linguistic and cultural components) should be considered as a method, way of teaching vocabulary. It is worth mentioning that language teaching process through fairy tales has become urgent and preserved a key role in enriching vocabulary.

ENGLISH LEXICAL COMPETENCE FORMATION USING FAIRY TALE TEXTS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL

The article presents the theoretical background and technology of forming the English lexical competence based on the fairy tale texts material in the 3rd form of general secondary education institutions. The relevant psychological and age characteristics of schoolchildren are outlined, the concept of lexical competence and the contents of the English lexical competence of the 3rd form pupils are considered, the characteristics of unadapted and adapted fairy tale texts as material for the formation of lexical competence are given, a set of exercises aimed at forming the English lexical competence with the use of fairy tale texts in the 3rd form of general secondary education institutions are suggested, and examples of relevant exercises are given.