English Text Research Articles

The potential influence of cross-linguistic lexical similarity on lexical diversity in L2 English writing

We examined the potential influence of L1–L2 lexical similarity on L2 lexical diversity, to determine whether the robust facilitative effect of lexical similarity that is found in processing and broad learning outcomes extends to this measure of L2 production. Our sample included two matching learner sub-corpora, containing 8,500 and 6,390 English texts, written in response to ninety-five and seventy-one writing tasks, by speakers of nine typologically diverse L1s, in the A1–B2 cefr range of L2 English proficiency. We found that lexical similarity did not influence L2 lexical diversity at any proficiency level. This finding suggests that the facilitative effect of similarity does not necessarily extend to L2 production, at least in the case of certain global measures, like lexical diversity, and certain task-based settings, like the present educational one, where lexical choices are driven primarily by the constrained communicative needs of the tasks. This is supported by the strong task effects that we found, which we quantified using mixed-effects models, whilst also shedding light on the use of lexical diversity as an indicator of L2 proficiency.

AB079. Whole-brain radiotherapy versus high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation for consolidation therapy in primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is commonly used as consolidation therapy in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). However, high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (HD-ASCT) has emerged as an alternative approach for PCNSL. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy and safety of both treatment modalities. The systematic review follows PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search strategy identified relevant studies from PubMed, Europe PMC, and Cochrane Library. The following search terms were used: "primary central nervous system lymphoma", "Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation", and "whole-brain radiotherapy". We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) cohort studies evaluating the use of whole-brain radiotherapy and high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in the treatment of histologically-confirmed PCNSL. Publications included were limited to English language full texts that were published in the past 10 years. Data extraction & manuscript quality assessment was done by two independent reviewers with a third reviewer to resolve any discrepancy. Primary outcomes include overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) & treatment related toxicity (TRT). Secondary outcomes were clinical neurological function and performance score assessments. Individual studies were assessed using the Jadad Scale and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. We identified 5 studies, consisting of 2 RCTs and 3 cohort studies. After all studies considered, analysis revealed that consolidation therapy with HD-ASCT had a better overall PFS and OS compared to whole-brain radiotherapy (P<0.005). Both groups showed similar TRT with mostly haematological toxicity. Holistically clinical cognitive functions are found to be improved in HD-ASCT Patients and poorer results are exhibited by WBRT patients primarily in executive functions. Performance statuses are scored differently across all studies with slightly preferable results shown in patients treated with HDC-ASCT. Based on the findings of this systematic review, HDC-ASCT might be a preferable choice of consolidative therapy as shown with better OS, PFS with similar TRT. While WBRT are more feasible and cost-efficient, risks of cognitive impairment and reduced performance status after WBRT should be considered for further treatment choices. Further randomized clinical trials with a similar scoring system are needed.

Identification of Sentence Stems Characteristic of Chinese Learner English Writing

Phraseological units in academic English texts have been a central focus in recent corpus linguistic research. This paper describes a special category of clause-level phraseological units, namely, Characteristic Sentence Stems (CSSs), with a view to describing their identifying criteria and their extraction method. CSSs are contiguous lexico-grammatical sequences which contain a subject-predicate structure and which are frame expressions characteristic of academic writing. The extraction method of a CSS consists of six steps: POS tagging, n-gram segmentation, structure identification, significance of occurrence calculation, text range calculation, and overlapping sequence reduction. The significance of occurrence calculation is the crux of this method. It includes the computing of both the internal association and the boundary independence of a CSS, and it tests the occurring significance of the CSS from both the inside and the outside perspectives. Our methods and results suggest that CSSs can be statistically defined and extracted from corpora and can employed in large-scale studies to more fully account for the phraseological features of non-native English academic writing.

Implementation Silent Reading for English Subject at Islamic Education Department at STIT Aqidah Usymuni Sumenep

Silent reading refers to the act of reading without vocalizing the words. With this in mind, the researcher aimed to explore students' silent reading comprehension. This study adopted a qualitative research approach. Qualitative research, involves the systematic collection of data to uncover underlying patterns or meanings using scientific methods, typically pursued by researchers interested in understanding the nature of a phenomenon. This research used students of the Islamic Education Department at STIT Aqidah Usymuni Sumenep as objects. The conclusion showed that silent reading can also inspire students to share diverse ideas while reading silently. Students can acquire more information when they read in a quiet environment. When the conditions allow students to read comfortably, their concentration improves, and they can easily grasp the key points of the English text.

Language-attached Transfer Restrictions in Neural Machine Translation: An Analysis of Tao Te Ching

This study focuses on the language-attached transfer restrictions in Chinese to English neural machine translation (NMT) of Tao Te Ching, an ancient Chinese philosophical text, which aims to identify and analyze the specific challenges and limitations encountered by NMT systems when translating linguistic features that are unique to the source language and how these challenges impact the accuracy and quality of the translated text in English. It contributes to the understanding of the complexities involved in machine translation of ancient Chinese texts and proposes strategies to mitigate the identified transfer restrictions, ultimately aiming to bridge the gap between machine translation capabilities and the richness of Chinese philosophical literature.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the writer-reader relationship in non-translated and translated English health information websites on HIV and TB diagnostic testing

The ideal multilingual health information website is relatable to all readers. Natives and immigrants should have a culturally adapted website in their language hosted by their place of residence that imparts the facts and incites a call to action to improve health, and ultimately reduces disease in the diverse community. The writer’s word choices and attitude as conveyed through the text influence the reader’s decision-making process. This paper will examine the differences between the non-translated and translated English versions of multilingual health information websites on HIV and TB diagnostic testing. These samples pertain to a large interdisciplinary study whose purpose is to determine whether the multilingual health communication websites are appropriately written regarding health literacy, and whether each cultural population, in terms of language adaptation, would receive the health information as intended. The study questions whether there exist differences between the translated and non-translated texts in English, Spanish and Catalan; this paper focuses on the two English sub-corpora. A comparable corpus of seventy-three multilingual health information websites underwent a quantitative and a qualitative analysis. The methodology is based on adaptations of Clerehan et al.’s (2005) Evaluative Linguistic Framework to assess the writer-reader relationship. The findings show statistically significant differences between the two English subcorpora as regards the writers’ and translators’ approach; the non-translated English sub-corpus contained more relational and engagement markers, whereas the translated English sub-corpus had more persuasion markers. These results should serve researchers and professionals in the translation and language sciences as well as the public health field for, respectively, future studies and techniques to improve the composition of multilingual health information texts in culturally diverse countries.

Techniques Used in Teaching Reading Skill in Senior High School: A Systematic Literature Review

English teachers have to use the best reading teaching techniques to make their students improve their reading skills to understand an English text or the written language. Since reading is not an easy skill to master, teachers need to choose appropriate reading techniques that help the students improve their reading skills to comprehend the English text they read. This research aims to discover the techniques used to teach reading skills in senior high school classes. The techniques are explored through the research articles written by previous researchers on this topic. This study employed a systematic analysis method that identifies existing articles that are available online. The research reviewed 20 articles on the research topic, which were collected from Google Scholar. This research highlighted four teaching techniques frequently mentioned and suggested as effective in teaching reading skills. They were: Think-Pair-Share, reciprocal teaching, mind mapping, and Question-Answer Relationship (QAR). These techniques have been proven effective in improving students’ reading comprehension. These techniques are, of course, not without shortcomings. Thus, teachers need to pay attention to the situation of their classes in choosing appropriate techniques, especially in teaching reading skills. Implementing the appropriate techniques brings instruction to life while encouraging students to actively engage in class.

English Sentiment Analysis and its Application in Translation Based on Decision Tree Algorithm

Sentimental analysis belongs to the class of Natural Language Processing (NLP) based on the rule and machine model. The proposed model comprises of the pre-defined function for the estimation of the features in the English statements. This paper presents the Reflect Sentiment Translation Decision Tree (RSTDT), a novel model designed to integrate sentiment analysis and translation tasks for English text. The RSTDT model combines the strengths of decision tree algorithms with feature extraction techniques to accurately analyze sentiment and translate text across languages. The proposed RSTDT dataset comprises English sentences with annotated sentiment labels, the RSTDT model is trained to identify sentiment polarity and generate corresponding translations in Arabic. The proposed RSTDT model uses Traslation mapping for the estimation of the sentimental features. In order to estimate and classify the features in the neural network, the processes features are assessed using the decision tree model. The RSTDT model's efficacy in precisely capturing sentiment nuances and generating linguistically appropriate translations was shown through thorough testing and review. The model achieves high accuracy in sentiment analysis and exhibits proficiency in translating sentiment-rich content into Arabic while maintaining contextual relevance. Additionally, robust classification performance metrics underscore the model's efficacy in accurately classifying English words into sentiment categories. The RSTDT model offers a promising solution for multilingual sentiment analysis applications, with potential applications in social media monitoring, customer feedback analysis, and cross-cultural sentiment analysis.

Effect of integrated English hybrid learning for undergraduate nursing students on students’ self-perceived communication competence and communication apprehension: A quasi-experiment study

AimTo demonstrate the self-perceived communication competence and communication apprehension of nursing students before and after taking English for Nursing courses. BackgroundDespite the growing demand for English as a foreign language courses for nursing students in Indonesia, relatively little research has been conducted to investigate whether these courses meet students’ specific learning needs to increase communication competency. DesignQuasi-experiment. MethodsA total of 173 undergraduate nursing students participated and had access to the mixed-methods learning system of integrated English hybrid learning from August through December 2021. The learning methods involved lectures, tutorials, and project-based learning on multiple platforms, such as LiVE Unpad, WhatsApp, and Zoom. Communication competence and apprehension in the English Language were assessed using the Self-Perceived Communication Competence and Communication Apprehension questionnaires via Google Form, and were analyzed using the paired t-test and ANOVA. ResultsThe findings suggest that English for Nursing courses significantly increased self-perceived communication competence and communication apprehension among nursing students (p < 0.001 for both). A variance test revealed favorability for self-perceived communication apprehension in groups that enjoyed learning English and for communication apprehension in groups that read English texts frequently and rarely. ConclusionsIntegrated English hybrid learning for undergraduate nursing students effectively increased their self-perceived communication competence and communication apprehension in undergraduate nursing students. However, this approach cannot be applied to all nursing education levels. A combination of the current and new approaches, as suggested by educators and policymakers, should make it applicable to the desired level of nursing education.

Bilingual Neural Machine Translation From English To Yoruba Using A Transformer Model

The necessity for language translation in Nigeria arises from its linguistic diversity, facilitating effective communication and understanding across communities. Yoruba, considered a language with limited resources, has potential for greater online presence. This research proposes a neural machine translation model using a transformer architecture to convert English text into Yoruba text. While previous studies have addressed this area, challenges such as vanishing gradients, translation accuracy, and computational efficiency for longer sequences persist. This research proposes to address these limitations by employing a transformer- based model, which has demonstrated efficacy in overcoming issues associated with Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). Unlike RNNs, transformers utilize attention mechanisms to establish comprehensive connections between input and output, improving translation quality and computational efficiency.

A Study on Translation Strategies of Legal English Texts from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory

A Study on Translation Strategies of Legal English Texts from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory

Examining readers' use of machine translation through eye tracking

This study examined the use of Google Translate among 50 Japanese learners of English engaged in task-based reading. There was one novel word per paragraph, and the study analyzed the frequency at which the participants accessed machine translation (MT) as opposed to the use of other strategies (e.g., dictionary use). Using eye tracking, it also examined how learners viewed translated paragraphs on MT pages. Finally, the study analyzed the relationship between the MT usage data and reading outcomes (content and vocabulary recall). A sub-group of participants provided both bilingual dictionary and MT access more often used the dictionary than MT. However, participants that were not provided dictionary access tended to be overreliant on MT, using it for irrelevant passages and when clear context cues were present. Eye movement data revealed that most participants read the English text first before checking MT, but some participants rushed to access translations. Participants displayed various strategies when viewing MT. The study found that aiming to work out the meaning from the text first and then checking the translation to search relevant novel lexical items was associated with positive outcomes. Potential implications for L2 education are discussed.

Harmony in diversity: exploring cross-linguistic, cross-cultural and multimodal dimensions of temporality within tourism discourse

Abstract This study explores temporal aspects in tourism discourse across modes, languages and cultures, focusing on translated texts in German, Italian, French, English, and Spanish. Tourism communication, a persuasive force promoting destinations, constructs authentic experiences for potential tourists. Beyond promotion, it reflects a societal practice shaping tourist identities and destination cultures. The translation of tourism texts involves considerations of cultural values and multimodal representations, seeking to transfer the unique selling proposition effectively. Existing research has analyzed trigger words, interlingual strategies, and cultural representations, but a gap exists in understanding the translation of temporal aspects. This paper investigates the multimodal representation, promotion, and transfer of temporality in tourism texts, contributing to contrastive and multimodal research in tourism communication. Key questions addressed include how elements from different modes contribute to the unique selling proposition, how the advertising message is conveyed in a multimodal coherent way, and which temporal aspects are translated and adapted in the target language. The present paper sheds light on the intricate interplay of language and image in conveying the temporal dimension of tourist experiences across diverse linguistic and cultural contexts.

Scribal interpretation of problematic passages in Old English poetry: Insights from theories of textual difficulty

ABSTRACT This essay examines how early scribes understood and interpreted Old English poetic texts, which often contain passages that are challenging for modern readers. Focusing especially on cases where Old English poetic texts exist in multiple copies, it explores the differences between versions and what they reveal about the ease or difficulty of comprehension among early scribes and audiences. The essay analyzes examples of difficult passages from Beowulf, several Exeter Book riddles, and Cædmon’s Hymn, and how they were copied and modified over time. It considers what the different versions of these texts might suggest about the varying degrees of understanding among these scribes and readers. The essay suggests that early audiences faced difficulties not unlike those faced by modern readers, especially relating to the interpretation of structure, redundancy, and cohesion. The essay aims to enhance our empathy for original audiences and for our students as we teach and study Old English texts.

The Correlation between Students’ Reading Comprehension Skill and Reading Interest in High School

This study investigates the correlation between reading comprehension skill and reading interest in high school students specifically in English texts. The main objective of this study is to examine the correlation between reading comprehension skill and reading interest in high school students especially in reading English texts. The population of this study consists of second-grade students of a public school in Kutai Kartanegara regency, with cluster sampling will be employed to determine the sample. An English comprehension test and questionnaire of reading interest will serve as the research instrument, and both correlation test and ANOVA will be utilized for data analysis to examine the correlation between reading comprehension skill and reading interest on students. After the data was analyzed with the correlation test, it showed no correlation between students’ reading comprehension and reading interest in high school. According to ANOVA, the result indicated significant differences between the group that has high level of reading interest and those that has low interest. Future research could explore additional variables that may impact reading interests, such as preferences for different genres, motivational factors, and instructional methods aimed at promoting reading for pleasure.

The Study of Exposure to Occupational Carcinogens in Iran: A Scoping Review

Background: Occupational exposure to carcinogens is a significant issue in occupational health and public welfare, with carcinogens encompassing a wide range of substances such as chemicals, metals, dust particles, and organic materials. This scoping review aims to identify, map, and summarize the existing literature on occupational carcinogen exposure in Iran across various industries and settings. It categorizes the types of carcinogens investigated, evaluates the methodologies employed for exposure assessment, and identifies research gaps and areas needing further exploration. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Magiran. A total of 715 articles were identified, with inclusion criteria focusing on studies conducted in Iran, directly related to occupational carcinogen exposure, and available in full text in English or Persian. Title and abstract screening, followed by full-text evaluation, was performed by two independent reviewers. Key data were extracted and thematically analyzed to synthesize findings. Results: The review highlights prevalent types of occupational carcinogens studied in Iran and the industries that have been the primary focus of research. It discusses the various methodological approaches used to assess and quantify exposure levels, identifies key findings related to exposure and associated health risks, and uncovers significant gaps in the literature. Conclusion: This scoping review provides a nuanced portrait of occupational carcinogen exposure in Iran, identifying critical research gaps and offering a foundation for future studies. By consolidating existing knowledge, it aims to contribute to the enhancement of occupational health and safety practices in Iran, guiding the development of targeted interventions and regulatory policies.

THE ANALYSIS STUDY OF RENAL TRANSPLANTATION BENEFITS PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE BY IMPROVING ERECTILE FUNCTION: A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Renal transplantation is a highly effective treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), addressing the impact of erectile dysfunction on quality of life. Erectile dysfunction, characterized by the inability to achieve and sustain an erection for good sexual activity, affects the physical and psychological well-being of individuals and their partners. However, research on the impact of renal transplantation on erectile dysfunction has yielded conflicting results. Understanding the beneficial impacts of renal transplantation on erectile dysfunction could potentially lead to more successful outcomes. Methods: Adhering to the PRISMA 2020 standards, this systematic investigation sought to examine complete English literature texts published from 2004 until 2024. Only editorials and review articles that had a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and were published in the same magazine as the submission were considered for acceptance. We utilized many sources, such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, and SagePub, to acquire the literature. Result: The study examined over 40 papers sourced from reliable venues like Science Direct, SagePub, and PubMed. After selecting eight papers for further scrutiny, a comprehensive analysis of the complete corpus of literature was conducted. Conclusion: Renal transplantation has shown significant improvement in erectile function in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with a lower prevalence of erectile dysfunction and higher function scores. Factors such as pretransplantation IIEF-5 score, age, and anastomosis to the common iliac artery have significant associations with improved erectile function. However, the exact mechanism behind this effect remains unclear.

Research on Multimodal College English Teaching Model Based on Genetic Algorithm

Analyzing College English texts is essential for quantitatively evaluating their grammar, phrases, and words to enhance their use in writing, conversation, and other contexts. The precise and clear use of College English words, phrases, and sentences is essential to knowledge-based and foundational learning systems. Text data analytics run into problems with data amount, data diversity, data integration and interoperability. It is challenging to accomplish human-computer interaction in spoken College English communication and to assist students with corrections using the conventional methodology of teaching College English. Therefore, this paper proposed the Genetic Algorithm-based intelligent English course optimization system (GA-IECOS) to handle the scheduling above issue of college English classes and optimize college English teaching courses. The results demonstrate that the conventional BP neural network's local scheduling optimization issue may be resolved using the multidirectional mutation genetic BP neural network method. Subsequently, a mix of formative and summative assessments will be used to establish a couple of groups to evaluate the effectiveness using a control population and a trial group of a GA-IECOS for English language classes using a multidirectional mutation genetic algorithm and an optimization neural network. The results demonstrate that the GA-IECOS algorithm is more effective in the classroom and may greatly improve students' English performance

Relationship between Hyperglycemia and Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Systematic Review

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the major cause of neonatal blindness and may account for up to 10% of juvenile blindness. This systematic review evaluates the relationship between hyperglycemia and ROP in VLBW infants. Methods: PRISMA guidelines were used to conduct a systematic review using an online database: Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Wiley Online Library. Original research studies examining the association between hyperglycemia and ROP were the inclusion criteria. Animal studies, a letter to the editor, a commentary report, a review, a meta-analysis not available in full text in English or Bahasa Indonesia, and data in the study insufficient for analysis were all excluded. Results: This systematic review includes nine studies, six cohorts and three case-control studies, involving a total of 1,566 infants. Six studies indicated that newborns in the ROP group had lower mean gestational age and birthweight than those in the non-ROP group. Five investigations found that the mean glucose level in the ROP group was greater than in the non-ROP group. Six studies found that the prevalence of glycemia was much higher than in the non-ROP group. Eight of the nine studies found a significant relationship between hyperglycemia in VLBW infants, and only one found no significant relationship between them. The highest odds ratio and relative risk of hyperglycemia causing ROP were 14.27 (5.16–39.50); p-value &lt;0.001 and 28.062 (7.881–99.924); p-value &lt;0.001, respectively. The overall range of values found across the studies was also considered. Conclusion: Hyperglycemia has a significant relationship with ROP and is also a risk factor for ROP in VLBW infants.

A novel socio-pragmatic framework for sentiment analysis in Dravidian–English code-switched texts

The advent of global digital communication has accentuated the complexity of multilingual code-switching, presenting formidable challenges for sentiment analysis by necessitating nuanced interpretation of linguistic and socio-pragmatic cues. This research introduces MultiSwitchNet, a pioneering sentiment analysis model tailored for the intricate dynamics of Dravidian languages mixed with English code-switched texts. MultiSwitchNet leverages the linguistic prowess of XLM-RoBERTa, combined with socio-pragmatic insights through a novel Socio-Pragmatic Embedding Layer (SPEL) utilizing DistilBERT. Evaluated on the Dravidian Code-Mixed Dataset, MultiSwitchNet achieved superior performance metrics, including an accuracy of 72.3%, precision of 72.9%, recall of 72.1%, and an F1-score of 72.5%. Its effectiveness extends across varying degrees of code-switching complexity and demonstrates remarkable consistency in sentiment prediction across semantically similar yet syntactically diverse sentences. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA and post hoc tests, underscore the model’s significant outperformance compared to both baseline and state-of-the-art models, highlighting the indispensability of integrating socio-pragmatic awareness for accurate sentiment analysis. MultiSwitchNet’s innovative approach sets a new benchmark for sentiment analysis in multilingual contexts and opens avenues for future research into models capable of discerning the rich socio-pragmatic fabric of global digital communication.