Textile Products Research Articles

Theoretical analysis of research conducted on the assessment of short-time and long-lasting deformation of textile yarns

This article presents an analysis of the studies on short-time and long-lasting deformation of textile yarns. The strength and deformation characteristics of the yarns are inextricably linked. In the textile industry, a lot of experiments have been conducted to study the properties of yarn strength. However, this article mainly contains information such as short-time and long-lasting deformation properties of yarns, deformation detection equipment, and their working principle, deformation properties of mixed fiber yarns, analysis of deformation properties of viscose and polyester fibers under the same load, deformation properties of polyester-wool-spandex blend yarns, regression modeling of deformation properties of yarns obtained from polyester-viscose-regenerated bamboo-cotton fiber blends, textile products studies and comments on recommending yarns with good deformation properties can be found.

TÜRKİYE'S INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AND EXPORT PERFORMANCE IN THE TEXTILE SECTOR: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH THE WORLD'S TOP TEXTILE EXPORTER COUNTRIES

The textile industry plays a pioneering role in the development of developing countries. Türkiye in Eurasia, Germany and Italy in Europe, the United States in North America, China, India, Pakistan, Twain ve South Korea in Asia are among prominent countries in the textile sector. The textile industry maintains its importance in developed countries as well as developing countries. The aim of this study is to examine the competitiveness of the textile sector, which is one of the locomotive sectors in Türkiye and its export performance over rival countries which are the prominent countries in the textile export in the world market. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Index and Comparative Export Performance (CEP) Index were used in this study. RCA and CEP indices were calculated using data obtained from Uncomtrade database for the period 2001-2020. According to the calculated Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Index results, It was determined that Türkiye had a competitive advantage in two-digit textile product group SITC 65 and in 7 of the 9 three-digit sub-product groups SITC (652, 653, 655, 656, 657,658, 659) had a competitive advantage, while the competitiveness in the SITC 651 sub-product group remained at the marginal limit. According to result of Comparative Export Performance Index, It was seen that Turkey has an advantage in export against all analyzed countries except Pakistan in SITC two-digit textile product group

Research on international live sales mode of home textile products

Research on international live sales mode of home textile products

The selection of washing machine programs with fuzzy dematel and moora-ratio multi-criteria decision-making methods considering environmental and cost criteria

The washing machine is the prevalent white household equipment in contemporary society. These machines provide consumers with a range of program options that encompass several variables, including temperature and detergent type. Nevertheless, the selection made by individual customers about the washing machine program they opt for carries substantial environmental consequences during the use stage of textile products. According to studies on the life cycle of clothes, it has been established that the use stage, following the extraction of raw materials, exerts the most substantial influence on environmental impacts. The objective of this research is to assess the washing machine programs provided by the manufacturer through the application of a comprehensive systematic approach for analysis. The evaluation of scenarios for washing machine programs was conducted using the MOORA-Ratio multi-criteria decision-making process. This evaluation considered various parameters, including environmental impact and cost. The life cycle assessment methodology was employed to quantify the environmental impact of the specified criteria. Based on the comprehensive study conducted by integrating criteria across numerous dimensions, it has been determined that the most favorable scenario wass scenario 1, which was developed for the Cotton 20 C program. The primary objective of this research endeavor is to fill a significant need in the current body of literature by undertaking a comprehensive review of washing machine programs that have not been previously recorded. This study employs a comprehensive methodology to investigate the environmental and economic implications linked to these activities, with the objective of delivering significant insights to producers and users.

Business competitiveness in the handicraft sector. Case study of San Antonino Castillo Velasco, Oaxaca

The artisanal sector represents a means of subsistence for a large number of families worldwide, mainly in marginalized indigenous communities. The companies belonging to this sector produce and market products that transmit the culture and identity of their communities. Oaxaca is a state of the Mexican Republic rich in cultural diversity where the artisanal sector is extremely important for its economy, artisanal companies have had to adapt to the new conditions of a globalized market, making use of different tools and strategies that enhance their competitiveness. This article aims to describe the triggering elements of the competitiveness of the artisan sector of San Antonino Castillo Velasco, Oaxaca, Mexico, a community recognized for its production of textiles and artisan embroidery, the methodology is based on a documentary analysis of different theoretical models contrasted with an ethnographic study based on observation and unstructured interviews within its specific reality.

Patent Landscape Study Results in Relation to Analyzing and Optimizing Methods and Devices for Technological Processes

Difficult economic situation that has developed for most Russian companies in the market today requires new ways of ensuring their competitiveness, including import substitution of high-tech products previously being produced by foreign corporations in such industries as: machine-tool engineering, heavy engineering, textile production, electronic industry and medical production. Today, there are many different tools that help improve the company efficiency, including engineering enterprises, one of them is the audit of their production processes. Audit being a tool to implement the concept of business management process rationalization, also known as «lean production», allows you to monitor and adjust changes in technological processes, clarify planned production programs and make justified and balanced management decisions; in domestic research, the concept of rationalizing business process management is also commonly called scientific labor organization (SLO). The real interest of enterprises to the development of existing and design of new audit methods, as well as the need to create technical means for implementing these methods in practice, can be assessed by both on the basis of information search for scientific and technical documents devoted to effectiveness evaluation of production systems, published in peer-reviewed journals or in the form of monographs, and based on an analysis of the patent activity of technical solutions applicable for the implementation of lean manufacturing tools in production conditions. In this article, the authors examine the results of information and analytical studies of patent activity in the field of methods and devices for analyzing and optimizing technological processes for manufacturing high-tech products at mechanical engineering enterprises.

Eesti–Norra villaprojekt innustab kohalikku toorainet paremini väärindama / Estonian–Norwegian wool project inspires to value local raw material better

In March 2023, the two-year cooperation project “Estonian and Norwegian local sheep’s wool, conducting research and creating educational materials for textile students of higher education” came to an end. It was led by University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy (TÜ VKA; Astri Kaljus, Ave Matsin, Diana Tuulik). The partners were Tallinn University of Applied Sciences (Merje Beilmann, Diana Tuulik) and Muru Wool Mill (Liina Lehis) from Estonia, and the University of South-Eastern Norway (USN; Eli Wendelbo) and Selbu Spinneri AS (Marte Espelien Blomli, Ingvild Svorkmo Espelien) from Norway. The project was funded by the EEA / Norway Cooperation Programme in Higher Education. The project was motivated by the fact that local sheep wool is underused in Estonia. There is a lot of prejudice about its quality and most of the wool (85–90%) is not adequately valued or it is even destroyed as waste. In Norway, on the other hand, there is a very good system of buying and processing wool. The aim of the project was to investigate and test the quality and characteristics of wool from indigenous and most common sheep breeds in Estonia and Norway, and to create educational materials for textile students based on the findings. The wider aim of the project is to increase the targeted use of local wool in textile production. During the course of the project, three Estonian and three Norwegian sheep breeds were selected, the wool of which was used in further studies. Wool was collected from each breed, and from it yarn and knitted and woven fabrics were made, the properties of which were then tested. As a result of the project, the education material “From Wool to Fabric. Estonian and Norwegian sheep’s wool as a textile material. Production, properties and possibilities of use on the example of the wool of six sheep breeds” was published. It is illustrated by educational videos, the first of which is on sheep shearing in Estonia (https://uttv.ee/naita?id=34448), the second on Norwegian wool (https://uttv.ee/naita?id=34489) and the third on the sorting of Estonian wool (https://uttv.ee/naita?id=34490). The educational material is freely available for educational purposes and can be used by anyone interested. It gives an overview of the general characteristics of wool, the processing procedure, and then focuses in more detail on the results of testing the collected wool and the yarns and textiles produced as a result of the project. The material can be found here: https://sisu.ut.ee/sites/default/files/eestivill/files/wool_to_fabric_a4_12_0.pdf. It can be stated at the end of the project that the comparison of the wool from six sheep breeds and products made from it proved to be a much more multiplex and multifaceted research task than expected. The collection of wool from different sheep breeds showed that the characteristics and quality of wool within the same breed can vary greatly, depending on the genetic material, the sheep’s age or sex, rearing conditions, and the time of shearing. Properties of the fabric were also influenced by the parametres of the yarns used as well as the manufacturing technique. In any case, it would be important to continue with product development that takes into account the results of this study in order to establish connections between wool types, their processing, and the desired properties of the products. Small-scale local industry enables the development of different types of yarn from which innovative products can be developed. The development of new products based on the results of this project could even be the subject of new student theses and projects. In a broader perspective, the results of the project hopefully will contribute to the increased use of super-quality wool fibres that are a by-product of sheep husbandry, rather than the production of consumption of fossil-based textiles, since the use and sustainable valuing of natural craft materials contributes to solving environmental problems

3세대 유니버설디자인에 있어 논클루시브 디자인 특징에 관한 연구

This paper studies the direction of the third-generation universal design. Modern society aspires toward a sustainable, inclusive community that respects human diversity and universal values. The direction of the third generation of universal design aims for inclusive design, avoiding the pre-definition or restriction of users based on physical attributes or roles. Focused on textile fashion products, our key features include 'gender-free users,' 'function-centric design,' 'diverse options,' 'user integration,' 'pre-emptive design prediction,' 'ethical manufacturing,' and 'implicit functionality and fashion expression.' These underscore the evolution toward promoting social integration for sustainability and respecting human diversity. Acknowledging the third generation of universal design as a pivotal trend for an inclusive textile fashion industry, we anticipate continued efforts in product development and expanded discussions.

RFiD Threads® Technology for Circular Economy and Future Sustainability

Problem
 The fashion industry is the second most polluting industry globally [UNEP2021] - 85% of all textiles go to landfill each year [WEF2021]. There is growing demand for a shift to circular business models, with new concepts emerging such as “extended producer responsibility” [DEFRA2022], and policy announcements such as the EU Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles, mandating Digital Product Passports (DPP) [EC2023].The Ellen McArthur Foundation [EMF2021] has stated that “Sustainability concerns among customers are also projected to heighten”. This fact, coupled with the preparation of potential new regulatory instruments such as ‘Extended Producer Responsibility’ and other critical regulatory developments, is pushing the industry to consider different and more sustainable ways of producing textile products. A new technology-infrastructure to facilitate this transition is required, to support companiesand consumers access critical data on individual garments.
 150 billion items of clothing are produced annually worldwide [EMF2022], of which around 12.5 billion were tagged in 2022, using radiofrequency identification (RFID) technology [Checkpoint2022]. The use of RFID tags is increasing rapidly, with the market projected to reach $35.6 Billion by 2030 [MarketsAndMarkets2022].
 However, there are mainly two sustainability related problems holding back the full potential of RFID in the fashion industry:
 
 
 Weaknesses in current RFID-tag technologies: low robustness, non-washability, and attachment to temporary labels not integrated with the garment itself. 12.5 Billion RFID-tags were used last year in the fashion industry, mainly for inventory management [Checkpoint2022]. Those billions of paper/metal/label tags are usually removed immediately after sale and end up in landfill (which is very bad for the environment), because they are not washable or comfortable to wear with thegarment. For garments to be traceable throughout their lifecycle (enabling efficiencies and circular models), there is a need for integrating permanent 'Digital Passports' (e.g. RFID) in each textile-based product, and for easy access to data contained in these Digital Passports.
 
 Lack of data access, exchange and integration between supply chain actors: Currently, stakeholders use their own independent data management system/s. Therefore, the biggest challenges for efficient recycling/reuse of clothing is lack of access to data on fibre/material content. This makes it very difficult to implement automated systems for breaking up and separating used clothing items into their different fibre components.
 
  

Prospect of waste banana fiber use in industry: A narrative review

In recent years, there has been significant research and investigation into the utilization of natural plant fibers. These fibers are increasingly recognized for their superiority over synthetic alternatives due to their biodegradable nature, renewable source, lightweight composition, and enhanced biochemical and tensile characteristics. Banana fiber holds significant importance due to the widespread use of bananas globally. Different components of the banana plant, including the fruit, fruit skin, flower buds, leaves, and pseudo-stem (banana trunk), are employed for diverse industrial applications. The pseudo-stem constitutes a significant proportion of the biomass derived from banana waste and possesses high-quality fiber that exhibits promising potential for various industrial applications. These applications include the production of sanitary pads, textiles, pulp and paper, food products, reinforced composite materials for automobiles, construction materials, aerospace components, and other composite materials. Additionally, the residual waste generated from its production can be effectively employed for the development of bio-based products, thereby making a direct contribution to a country's economy. In summary, this review study provides valuable insights for many stakeholders, including farmers, businesspeople, planners, scientists, and the government, to facilitate informed decision-making and promote socioeconomic advancement within the country.

The Significance and Influence of Human Resource Management (HRM) on Enterprise Performance in the Manufacturing Sector: An In-Depth Analysis of Enterprise Performance Management (EPM) Impacts

Purpose: Manufacturing industry in India is one of the largest sectors and its continuously attaining growth and development. As focused by the NMCC (National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council, it is put to contribute 25% to the GDP by the year 2025 compared to the recent share of almost 16%. Particularly, the industry contributed 66% to the exports of the nation in FY11 and has been reinforcing at a CAGR of 20% in the past five years. Manufacturing holds a major position in the economy of the country, India, reporting for almost 16% of actual GDP in FY12 and employing nearly 12% of the labour force of India. The growth and development in the industry has been matching a very strong rate in the whole growth and development of the GDP in the past few years (India Brand Equity Foundation, n.d).At present, India is the biggest producer of chemical products, basic metals, textiles, pharmaceuticals, electrical machinery and general machinery and equipment. Design: This research adopted the conceptual research by using a descriptive research design. Secondary data has been collected and analyzed to find out the factors affecting the manufacturing. industry. This will help them to cope with the work environment and to effectively handle different situations. Findings: The findings from studies on Leveraging a comprehensive exploration, the study delves into the profound impact of Human Resource Management (HRM) on Enterprise Performance in the Manufacturing Sector. Findings illuminate HRM's pivotal role in shaping Enterprise Performance Management (EPM), demonstrating a direct correlation between strategic HR practices and heightened organizational effectiveness. The research underscores the nuanced ways in which HRM practices contribute to enhanced productivity, workforce engagement, and overall operational efficiency within manufacturing enterprises. As organizations align HR strategies with EPM goals, the symbiotic relationship emerges as a critical catalyst for sustained growth and success in the dynamic manufacturing landscape. Originality/value: This study includes a detailed analysis of the Significance and Influence of Human Resource Management (HRM) on Enterprise Performance in the Manufacturing Sector: An In-Depth Analysis of Enterprise Performance Management (EPM) Impacts. Paper type: Conceptual Research.

The influence of emerging atmospheric organophosphorus flame retardants from land source emissions on the East China Sea

Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) pose a new challenge to the marine environment due to their toxicity and persistence. This study explores the contributions of OPFR emissions from different land sources and sectors to its contamination of the East China Sea (ECS) using a novel atmospheric transport model（ChnMETOP）for POPs and a marine food web model. The results show that the major land sources causing OPFR pollution in the ECS were situated in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and middle reach areas of China's Yangtze River, confirming that source proximity made most significant contributions to OPFR pollution in the ECS. Among those OPFR emission sectors, industrial emissions accounted for the highest modeled OPFR levels in the seawaters, followed by the OPFR usage process in textile, plastic, and rubber products. Assessment of bioaccumulation of OPFR in the marine food web of the ECS and the potential risk in commercial fish consumers reveals lower exposure risk via dietary fish ingestion. However, the risk might increase if OPFRs are continuously bioaccumulated in the biotic and released into the abiotic marine environment. This study simultaneously identified both the source locations and emission sectors, thereby providing important policy implications in mitigating OPFR pollution in the ECS marine environment.

Investigation of Deoxygenation Rate Determination in Cikakembang River, West Java, Indonesia

Cikakembang River, a tributary of Citarum River, is situated in the densely populated Majalaya District, renowned for textile production. Direct discharges of domestic and industrial pollutants into the river contribute to substantial pollution, making it crucial to manage pollution levels. This implies that controlling pollution is crucial, as it significantly impacts the condition of Citarum River, already infamous as one of the world most polluted rivers. A key indicator for assessing river water quality is Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), representing the oxygen required for microorganism-mediated decomposition. This parameter is influenced by deoxygenation rate, denoted as kd. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the most suitable kd value for Cikakembang River using various empirical methods, including Simple, Fujimoto, Sawyer, Thomas, Fair, and Hydroscience. The result showed that Thomas method provided the most accurate prediction for BOD concentration of the river. In rainy season, Root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and coefficient of determination (R2) values were 0.542, 0.035, and 0.981, respectively, and in dry season, the values were 0.117, 0.009, and 0.999. Additionally, kd value effectively simulated the river water quality using HEC-RAS, yielding satisfactory results. RMSE, MAPE, and R2 values for BOD concentration were 3.551, 0.162, and 0.331 in rainy season and 1.071, 0.100, and 0.812 in dry season. Finally, the modeling result showed that Cikakembang River did not meet the Class 2 Water Quality Standard during both rainy and dry seasons. This finding is critical, as it underscores the severity of the pollution problem in the river and the urgent need for comprehensive and effective management strategies to improve its water quality.

The Selection of the Appropriate Conductive Yarn Using Analytical Hierarchy Process

Conductive yarns are one of the most preferred products that are used for the electronic textile products. Although conductive yarns have a wide range of application areas, it is also an important factor to choose the most appropriate yarn according to the intended use. In this study, it was aimed to select the most appropriate conductive yarn for a textile factory that makes production using conductive yarn. Within this scope 8 criteria and 3 conductive yarn alternatives are determined and a form which includes criteria were sent to 7 experts via e-mail and they were asked to evaluate the criteria for steel, graphene, and silver-plated yarns according to AHP fundamental scale table. The matrices obtained from the forms filled by the experts were evaluated with the help of AHP method. As a result, it has been determined that graphene yarn is the most appropriate yarn for a textile factory among the alternatives according to the specified criteria.

Investigation of Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile and Cellulose Acetate Smart Nanofibers Doped with Expanded Graphite for the Structure and Photothermal Effect

In this study, photothermal effect by doping expanded graphite (EG) to smart nanofibers produced by electrospinning method was investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was exploited for chemical characterization. Thermal analysis experiments were carried out by heating and cooling curves. Surface morphology of the produced materials was investigated through scanning electron microscope (SEM). Contact angle was determined through contact angle measurement device. The appearance of the peak of the characteristic cyano group in the structure of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) at 2237.02 cm-1 in the nanofibers having different percentages synthesized with EG and PAN was accepted as the evidence of PAN nanofibers formation. The temperature platforms in the heating/cooling curves exhibited that the temperature of the PAN and cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers mixed with different EG percentage have higher than pristine nanofibers. The surfaces of the EG@PAN and EG@CA nanofibers were homogeneously distributed fibrous, excessive EG heterogeneously dispersed or electrosprayed in shape. The maximum contacts angles were measured as 67.96° and 52.88° for nanofibers synthesized with EG@CA and EG@PAN, respectively. As the result, the temperature of the nanofibers mixed EG at different percentages increased resulting from having the higher thermal conductivity of EG. Main goal of the study is both investigating photothermal effect in PAN and CA electrospun nanofibers doped with EG of activating heat accumulation property of the produced smart nanofibers for heat energy production from the solar. Thus, it will be possible to develop a new promising method in the production of the smart textile products that have the storage capacity of the solar energy.

Comparison of Attitudes in Slovenia and Serbia Towards Circular Economy in Textile Industry

Research Question: The study explores differences in the attitudes of youngsters in Slovenia and Serbia towards the sustainable use of clothing. Motivation: The concept of circular economy has received the attention of the world public in recent years. The prosperity of economies and companies is manifested by the safe and efficient use of resources. The circular economy should also be introduced in the textile industry, as waste continues to accumulate year after year. After the oil industry, the textile industry is the second largest polluter of the environment. We will describe the purchase and disposal of textile products and the development of the circular economy concept. Idea: The idea of this paper was to find out how people in Slovenia and Serbia treat clothes, especially waste from clothes, and what their perception towards reusing old clothes redesigned by an app is. Data: The research was conducted in two separate surveys. One was conducted among respondents in Slovenia on the sample that counts 66 people, mostly youngsters, and the same survey was conducted later, on the respondents from Serbia, on the same sample of 66 youngsters. Tools: SPSS was used to apply descriptive statistics techniques on the samples. Findings: The results of the survey show differences in perception between Slovenian and Serbian youngsters towards sustainable use of clothing. There are differences in how they are equipped with knowledge about the circular economy. In the two countries they have different main reasons for buying clothes and throwing away old clothes, but they agree that they should contribute to the reduction of waste generation in similar ways. Contribution: This research contributes to better understanding of perception that people have in Slovenia and Serbia towards a sustainable use of clothing and the circular economy concept.

Development of Ecoprint Skills into Creative Entrepreneurship Products at Muhammadiyah Vocational School Gamping Sleman

Based on observations and interviews conducted at SMK Muhammadiyah Gamping Sleman, there areproblems that can be solved through the community service activities, that is waste of leaves which have potential to become textile products. This can also be an alternative for developing skills and a synergy with school subjects whichecoprinting has never been taught at SMK Muhammadiyah Gamping Sleman. The methods used include: 1) Ecoprint training using steaming and pounding techniques; 2) Creative products-making; and 3) Digital marketing training in the field of fashion. The results of these activities areboth students and teachers are able tomake ecoprint fabric, process it into creative products, and undertstand digital marketing. Furthermore, the results of a questionnaireconducted byparticipants showed that there are beneficial values, both for individuals and school subjects, as well as an increase in ecoprint knowledge. Thus, it can be concluded that this community service is on target and achieves its goals

Climate Change and the Textile Industry: The Carbon Footprint of Dyes

Dyes play an important role in textile production, but their contribution to air pollution and harming human health have raised concerns and remain an international problem. The key to overcoming this challenge is to assess how much greenhouse gases are being generated and the hotspots which guide decision-making process toward more sustainable options. This article established a carbon footprint calculation method for disperse dyes. First, the system boundary description and the functional unit were discussed. Second, the carbon footprint inventory analysis was determined. What’s more, the calculation method, allocation method and emission factors were proposed. It was intended to be practical and effective based on three typical disperse dyes in China. The results showed that the carbon footprints of Disperse Blue 79, Disperse Red 167, and Disperse Orange 61 corresponded to 8.28 t CO2 eq/t, 8.07 t CO2 eq/t, and 7.48 t CO2 eq/t, respectively. For the three disperse dyes, the carbon emissions of dispersing agent melamine-formaldehyde resin and liquid ammonia consumption were the dominant emission sources. The steam and electricity were the two major sources of carbon emissions caused by energy usage. The homogenization and the wastewater treatment process were the two largest emission emitters. The sensitivity analysis showed that the total product carbon footprint was mostly sensitive to dispersing agent melamine-formaldehyde resin changes, followed by steam, liquid ammonia, and electricity. The results show that disperse dye production have great potential for improvement. The reduction options for the emissions of the disperse dyes production can be concluded by the optimization of the production process and technology for dispersing agent melamine-formaldehyde resin, liquid ammonia, electricity, and steam. Through the calculation, the influencing factors for the carbon footprint can be analyzed and highlighted. The method provides a comprehensive understanding of environmental impacts with dyes, driving the adoption of sustainable dyeing practices.

Waste Not Want Not? The Environmental Implications of Quick Response and Upcycling

Problem definition: Overproduction is often cited as the fashion industry’s biggest environmental issue, as textile production is notoriously resource intensive and pollutive, and much of the textile produced may end up as “deadstock” fabric or finished goods that do not sell. In this paper, we study two major approaches to address this issue: quick response, whereby finished goods inventory is replenished on demand, and upcycling, whereby deadstock fabric is reused to make new clothes. Proponents of these strategies typically focus on their positive environmental impact in downstream supply chain stages (e.g., finished goods production and waste disposal). Less is known, however, about their impact on upstream activities such as raw material acquisition, which we investigate in this work. Methodology/results: We analyze the effect of quick response and upcycling options on firms’ fabric acquisition and production decisions, as well as firms’ incentives to adopt these strategies. We then assess these strategies’ environmental impact in a life cycle framework. Our results show that quick response—when implemented in isolation—reduces deadstock of finished goods, but could increase the amount of fabric acquired. This not only results in more total deadstock (in both finished goods and fabric form), but also aggravates the environmental burden associated with fabric production in the upstream of the fashion supply chain, and could lead to a worse overall environmental impact for the industry. Upcycling together with quick response could alleviate total deadstock generation, but further increases the firm’s demand for fabric. We analyze the effectiveness of two types of policies—subsidizing quick response/upcycling and banning deadstock destruction—in reducing deadstock and curbing firms’ need for fabric. Managerial implications: Our work highlights a tradeoff between downstream deadstock reduction and upstream fabric acquisition, and suggests that regional policies that aim to reduce local deadstock could often have adverse global impacts. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0040 .

Numeracy and consistency in age declarations: a case study on nineteenth and twentieth century Catalonia

AbstractA rich tradition exists on measuring human capital in historical societies through basic mathematical skills using the method of age heaping. In this article, we novelty propose to calculate it also through the analysis of the consistency in individual consecutive age declaration statements in five towns of Baix Llobregat’s county (Barcelona, Spain) during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The region underwent a proto-industrialization in the eighteenth century and was one of the main wool and cotton textile producers in the nineteenth century in Catalonia. Our main results show that (I) numeracy levels in this county were above the Spanish average in the whole period and, during the first years of the nineteenth century, ahead of countries such as Italy, Portugal and the USA. However, its numeracy dropped from 1880’s due the early industrialization of Catalonia in the Spanish and Southern Europe context, the existence of child labor in the factories and that also coincided with the phylloxera crisis. (II) To this effect, women presented lower levels of numeracy than men, but their levels tended to converge. (III) As regards emigrants, those who came to the rest of Spain had the lowest level of numeracy compared to the natives. (IV) Moreover, we found that literacy, the 1901 education reform and a higher socioeconomic status had a positive effect on reporting ages consistently over time. (V) Finally, we prove a positive association between systematically reporting ages ending in 0 or 5 and having a higher individual error in age statements along the life course.