Textile Industry Research Articles

Physico-Chemical Analysis of Textile Effluents from Bagru, Jaipur (Rajasthan, India): Implications for Environmental Impact and Treatment Needs

The textile industry is one of the largest water polluters worldwide. The coloured and bad odour effluent discharged from such industries pollutes not only the water bodies but also affects groundwater quality. In the present study, thirty-five water samples were collected from different dyeing units of the Bagru textile area (Rajasthan, India) famous for using natural dyes for textile processing. The physico-chemical analysis of these water samples shows that all parameters exceeded the permitted range recommended by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and World Health Organization (WHO). The analysis revealed the use of synthetic dyes in Bagru's textile industry for dyeing and printing. Based on the estimated characteristics, these textile effluents must be properly treated before releasing into the environment as the discharge of untreated effluents into local water bodies leads to significant water pollution, adversely affecting aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity. Additionally, contaminants can permeate the soil, compromising agricultural productivity and food safety. The air quality is also compromised due to the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the dyeing process, posing respiratory risks to nearby communities. This research underscores the urgent need for improved waste management practices and regulatory measures to mitigate the adverse environmental effects associated with synthetic dyes in Bagru's textile industry.

THE ROLE OF MILITARY TRIBUNALS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST LABOUR DESERTION AT TEXTILE ENTERPRISES OF IVANOVO REGION IN 1942–1943

This article examines the punitive practice of military tribunals against textile workers who committed unauthorised departure from enterprises, as well as production disrupters influential among workers, from November 1942 to November 1943. It became possible after the adoption by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on October 11, 1942, of Decree ‟On the extension of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR” dated December 26, 1941, to workers and employees of enterprises of the People’s Commissariat of the Textile Industry of the USSR. ‟On the responsibility of workers and employees of enterprises of the military industry for unauthorised withdrawal from enterprises.” As a result, textile workers were equated with workers in the defence industry; they were considered mobilised for the period of the war and assigned to permanent work at the textile factories and factories where they worked. The unauthorised departure of workers and employees from work was considered as desertion, and those guilty of committing them (deserters) were sentenced by military tribunals to imprisonment for a term of 5 to 8 years. The article reflects the dynamics of this process, provides data on deserters by profession and sex; we call preventive measures on labour collectives, etc. Attention is paid to such positive practice of the tribunals as conditional conviction with the obligation to return to the enterprise. It was prepared on the materials of the State Archive of Ivanovo Region, which had first been introduced into scientific circulation. It is addressed to specialists in the field of the history of Soviet textile industry, to graduate students, undergraduates and students of higher educational institutions.

Advances and Significances of Nanoparticles in Textile Industry

Advances and Significances of Nanoparticles in Textile Industry

Investigating Supply Chain Disruptions and Resilience in the Textile Industry: A Systemic Risk Theory and Dynamic Capability-Based View

Investigating Supply Chain Disruptions and Resilience in the Textile Industry: A Systemic Risk Theory and Dynamic Capability-Based View

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted anthocyanin extraction from agricultural waste purple corn silk for multifunctional hemp finishes

The utilization of agricultural wastes for textile dyeing has gained popularity due to their safe and environmentally friendly properties, as well as the resource sustainability. Natural dye extraction is usually achieved through solvent extraction, which is time-consuming, requires a lot of solvent, and degrades desired compounds at high temperatures. Thus, this study investigated ultrasound-assisted anthocyanin extraction from agricultural waste purple corn silk as natural functional colorants for hemp finishes, given the numerous health benefits associated with anthocyanin. In order to optimize the extraction processes and evaluate the synergistic impact of these conditions, response surface methodology was implemented. The optimum conditions were 1:15 material-liquid ratio, 47% ethanol concentration, 60°C, and 20 min, yielding 240.25 mg·L‒1 anthocyanin. The extracted anthocyanin was used for dyeing hemp fabrics and demonstrated satisfactory colorfastness, antibacterial action on both S.aureus and E.coli, with E.coli being more effective, and strong antioxidant (>80%). The dyed fabrics also exhibited their great UV shield (UPF value > 40+). Anthocyanin derived from purple corn silk could therefore be utilized as a natural functional color for medical and health products. Also, purple corn silk contains more anthocyanin than other natural sources, making it a promising natural anthocyanin resource in textile industry.

La-supported SnO2–CaO composite catalysts for efficient malachite green degradation under UV–vis light

This study presents the development and optimization of La@SnO2–CaO composite catalysts for efficient photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye in aqueous solutions under UV–vis light irradiation. The catalysts were prepared via conventional incipient-wetness impregnation and thoroughly characterized using advanced analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. To optimize photodegradation efficiency, the effects of three independent factors were systematically investigated using response surface methodology: Temperature, pH, and Sn/Ca molar ratio. Our results reveal optimal conditions for maximum dye degradation: pH 7, Sn/Ca molar ratio of 0.33, and a process time of 35 min, resulting in a maximum photodegradation efficiency of 98.80% for malachite green dye. Notably, visible light exhibited a more pronounced effect on dye degradation compared to UV light over time, with visible light achieving 25% greater dye removal after 60 min of illumination. Furthermore, the catalyst showed excellent recyclability, retaining 85% of its initial activity after five consecutive cycles. These findings contribute significantly to the development of sustainable methods for dye removal from wastewater and highlight the potential of La@SnO2–CaO composite catalysts in environmental remediation processes, particularly in treating textile industry effluents.

Into the Revolution of NanoFusion: Merging High Performance and Aesthetics by Nanomaterials in Textile Finishes

AbstractThe field of technical textiles has grown significantly during the last two decades, with a focus on functionality rather than aesthetics. However, the advancement of NanoFusion technology provides a novel potential to combine better functionality and aesthetic value in textile finishes. NanoFusion incorporates nanoparticles into textile treatments to improve waterproofing, stain resistance, durability, and breathability. This is performed without affecting the textile's visual appeal or aesthetics and may even improve them. This textile finishing revolution is expected to impact industries such as athletics, outdoor clothing, car upholstery, and luxury fashion. It offers cutting‐edge functionality while maintaining style and design integrity. Furthermore, the use of nanoparticle textile coatings opens up new opportunities for personalization and modification. Manufacturers and designers can now experiment with different color combinations, patterns, and textured finishes while maintaining performance characteristics. NanoFusion technology has the potential to transform the textile industry by providing hitherto unattainable levels of performance and aesthetics. This study reviews the current state of the art in nanofinishes for garment textiles, focusing on their many varieties, techniques, mechanisms, and applications. In addition, it addresses significant concerns such as sustainability and the environmental footprint, paving the way for a new era in textile manufacturing.

Bacterial Cellulose–Silk Hydrogel Biosynthesized by Using Coconut Skim Milk as Culture Medium for Biomedical Applications

In this study, hydrogel films of biocomposite comprising bacterial cellulose (BC) and silk (S) were successfully fabricated through a simple, facile, and cost-effective method via biosynthesis by Acetobacter xylinum in a culture medium of coconut skim milk/mature coconut water supplemented with the powders of thin-shell silk cocoon (SC). Coconut skim milk/mature coconut water and SC are the main byproducts of coconut oil and silk textile industries, respectively. The S/BC films contain protein, carbohydrate, fat, and minerals and possess a number of properties beneficial to wound healing and tissue engineering, including nontoxicity, biocompatibility, appropriate mechanical properties, flexibility, and high water absorption capacity. It was demonstrated that silk could fill into a porous structure and cover fibers of the BC matrix with very good integration. In addition, components (fat, protein, etc.) in coconut skim milk could be well incorporated into the hydrogel, resulting in a more elastic structure and higher tensile strength of films. The tensile strength and the elongation at break of BC film from coconut skim milk (BCM) were 212.4 MPa and 2.54%, respectively, which were significantly higher than BC film from mature coconut water (BCW). A more elastic structure and relatively higher tensile strength of S/BCM compared with S/BCW were observed. The films of S/BCM and S/BCW showed very high water uptake ability in the range of 400–500%. The presence of silk in the films also significantly enhanced the adhesion, proliferation, and cell-to-cell interaction of Vero and HaCat cells. According to multiple improved properties, S/BC hydrogel films are high-potential candidates for application as biomaterials for wound dressing and tissue engineering.

Resource Nexus for decision-making: an industry-community synergistic approach for textile wastewater management

ABSTRACT Although the textile industry is crucial to economic development, it is a significant polluter of global water sources through its wastewater discharge, which endangers aquatic ecosystems and neighboring communities. This study focuses on stakeholder perceptions from farming and fishing communities related to wastewater management in the Bangladesh textile industry. Using focus group discussions with stakeholders that focused on sustainability values and a Resource Nexus framing, the results emphasise the adverse effects of textile wastewater on neighbouring communities, spanning agriculture, livestock, and ecological resources. The findings also underscore a significant need for collaboration between the textile industry and neighbouring communities, emphasising the ongoing obligation of governance resources, such as monitoring, regulations, and proactive measures and advocates for engaging different stakeholders in the formulation of robust policies, stringent regulations, and concerted efforts across industry, government, and communities to deliver improved governmental monitoring, enforcement of regulations and transparency in wastewater management practices in the textile industry of Bangladesh. The study suggests that a Water-Energy-Ecosystems-Food (WEEF) Resource Nexus approach can enhance decision-making, promoting sustainable energy infrastructure, encourage increased treated wastewater reuse, and facilitate effective management for environmental resilience and socio-ecological systems sustainability. This study contributes valuable insights elicited from a WEEF Resource Nexus approach, offering guidance for policymakers, industry practitioners, and researchers in the textile industry and beyond, aiding in the understanding of resilient industry-community ecosystems.

Enhanced Curvature-Based Fabric Defect Detection: A Experimental Study with Gabor Transform and Deep Learning

Quality control at every stage of production in the textile industry is essential for maintaining competitiveness in the global market. Manual fabric defect inspections are often characterized by low precision and high time costs, in contrast to intelligent anomaly detection systems implemented in the early stages of fabric production. To achieve successful automated fabric defect identification, significant challenges must be addressed, including accurate detection, classification, and decision-making processes. Traditionally, fabric defect classification has relied on inefficient and labor-intensive human visual inspection, particularly as the variety of fabric defects continues to increase. Despite the global chip crisis and its adverse effects on supply chains, electronic hardware costs for quality control systems have become more affordable. This presents a notable advantage, as vision systems can now be easily developed with the use of high-resolution, advanced cameras. In this study, we propose a discrete curvature algorithm, integrated with the Gabor transform, which demonstrates significant success in near real-time defect classification. The primary contribution of this work is the development of a modified curvature algorithm that achieves high classification performance without the need for training. This method is particularly efficient due to its low data storage requirements and minimal processing time, making it ideal for real-time applications. Furthermore, we implemented and evaluated several other methods from the literature, including Gabor and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), within a unified coding framework. Each defect type was analyzed individually, with results indicating that the proposed algorithm exhibits comparable success and robust performance relative to deep learning-based approaches.

Quantitative analysis of wool and cashmere fiber mixtures using NIR spectroscopy

Abstract The quantitative determination of wool and cashmere mixed fiber is an indispensable quality control link in the textile industry, crucial for improving international trade status, ensuring product quality, and safeguarding consumer rights. Therefore, the goal of this study is to develop a reliable method for estimating fiber contents in wool–cashmere blends based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. A total of 210 mixed samples of 21 different proportions of cashmere and wool are prepared in the experiment, and data are collected in the NIR spectral band of 1,000–2,500 nm. Convolution Savitzky–Golay (S–G) combined with the second-order derivative is then used for spectral preprocessing. The variable iterative space shrinkage approach (VISSA) optimizes the characteristic wavelengths, and 339 wavelength points are selected. The prediction model of the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) is established by particle swarm optimization (PSO), fast positioning, and analysis of key information related to the target in complex spectral data. Finally, the training set and the prediction set are divided according to the ratio of 8 : 2. Experiments show that in terms of modeling and prediction, the PSO-LSSVM model based on the wavelength selected by VISSA has a prediction determination coefficient R-squared of 0.9821, a prediction root mean square error of 1.1263, and an mean absolute error of 0.6527. The hybrid modeling method of VISSA, PSO, and LSSVM based on NIR spectroscopy (VISSA–PSO–LSSVM) can provide a more accurate and stable method for the non-destructive detection of cashmere and wool blended fiber content.

Exploring Aspergillus biomass for fast and effective Direct Black 22-dye removal

Azo dyes are widely used in the textile industry due to their stability and resistance. These properties also make them recalcitrant xenobiotics, toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic, even at low concentrations. Considered emerging pollutants, there is an urgency to address mechanisms capable of remediating these contaminants, with Aspergillus fungi standing out as an effective solution. Fifteen strains of Aspergillus were investigated for the decolorization of the tetra azo dye Direct Black 22. The influence of different culture media was evaluated on fungi biomass production, dye concentrations (50–300 mg/L), biomass concentrations (1–5g), and the reuse of biomass in continuous batches. The strains that stood out the most were Aspergillus japonicus URM 5620, Aspergillus niger URM 5741, and A. niger URM 5838. Obtaining biomass in less nutrient-rich medium favored decolorization by forming more organized pellets. The live biomass of these fungi was 59% more efficient than the dead biomass. The decolorization efficiency was not affected at lower dye concentrations, showing a decrease in decolorization only when the concentration reached 300 mg/L. Increasing the amount of biomass resulted in proportionally greater decolorization. Even with just 1 g of biomass, the three fungi could remove more than 90% of the dye in less than 60 minutes, and with 5 g, the dye was completely removed in 10 minutes. Thebiomass was reused in three consecutive decolorization cycles, and the fungus that best withstood the cycles was A. niger URM 5741. These results demonstrate the potential of the genus Aspergillus fungi tested in this study as sustainable and efficient biosorbents for the remediation of azo dyes such as Direct Black 22, with potential for colored industrial effluent treatment.

Analyzing the factors influencing sustainable supply chain management in the textile sector

Sustainability one of the burning issues in the global supply chain, and it is increasingly becoming a concern for textile industries. Moreover, developing countries have become the production hub of apparel and textiles, produced a high volume of waste and posed a threat to the environment and local community. By addressing sustainability challenges, Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) enhances long-term business viability and provides a competitive advantage. In this project, by extensive literature review, forty-five factors were identified which are driving the development process of SSCM. Responses were collected using the Likert Scale (1–5) from the focus group to narrow down the findings and ten have been selected as more appropriate in the perspective of Bangladesh. Later these ten factors were analyzed to find out the most influential factor using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method by contextual relation-making. Community Groups and Environmental Organizations were found to be the most impactful among all the factors having the highest driving power.

Constraints Faced by Bt Cotton Seed Companies in Gujarat: A Comprehensive Analysis

India's cotton industry is crucial to the economy, providing raw material for 75% of the textile industry and employing millions. Despite having the largest area under cotton cultivation globally, India faces challenges such as low productivity due to rain-fed farming. To address these challenges by enhancing productivity and pest resistance the Bt cotton producer companies were facing different constraints. Data from various stakeholders in Gujarat's Bt cotton seed market was collected and analysed using the Garrett Ranking Method to identify key factors influencing sales. The findings highlight the major constraints faced by Bt cotton producer companies includes the fixed price policy, lack of skilled manpower and seed adulteration. By improving access to quality seeds, enhancing farmer awareness and reforming seed policies, which significantly helps market dynamics in shaping the cotton seed sector.

Benchmarking of key performance factors in textile industry effluent treatment processes for enhanced environmental remediation

This article presents a comprehensive benchmarking analysis of merit performance factors in the Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP) of the textile industry. The study aims to identify and evaluate key factors that contribute to the efficient operation and performance of ETPs. The performance of ETP was analyzed by valuable data gained from figures of PH, Dissolved oxygen, Dissolved solids, Suspended solids, Density, COD and BOD. The technical trends showed the deviations in the working conditions of Effluent Treatment Plant by variation in temperature. This variation is achieved by varying the settling time of wastewater in the sedimentation tank during the working process. The required dosing, plant efficiency and economic factors were taken into account. The Plant efficiency was determined to be 83.5% at normal conditions of water entering at temperature of 30°C and pressure of 1 atm along with addition of coagulants and flocculants in the wastewater. While the efficiency of the ETP plant was calculated about 88% using a Compact photometer at elevated conditions of temperature such as > 45°C, while at other temperatures the efficiency decreases significantly due to several reasons. The operating time of water treatment was decreased due to the variations in temperature of wastewater while other conditions kept constant like pressure, flow rates of water and chemicals (Polyacrylamide and Polymeric Ferric Sulfate). The usage of coagulants and flocculants at optimum conditions has been discussed in this study.

Comprehensive analysis of dye adsorption and supramolecular interaction between dyes and cotton fibers in non-aqueous media/less water dyeing system

Cotton textile dyeing consumes large amounts of energy and water and discharges large amount of wastewater and pollutants. Zero or less discharge of the wastewater and contaminants from the cotton textile dyeing has been under high demands from textile industry. Recently, a novel reactive dyeing technology of using a non-aqueous medium with little water (NMLW) was developed for cotton fabrics. However, the use of high concentration of reactive dyes in the system triggers aggregation of the dyes in cotton fibers, influencing the quality of dyed cotton textiles. In this investigation, adsorption, diffusion, and aggregation behavior of reactive dyes in cotton fibers were studied. Compared to traditional water-based dyeing system, cotton fabrics demonstrated superior color depth, as long with higher rates of dye uptake and fixation for reactive dyes. At low dye concentrations, the maximum absorption wavelengths of reactive dyes were unchanged, and complied with the Lambot-Beer law. However, when the dye concentration was excessively high, reactive dyes with different molecular structures, as well as multi-layer dye aggregates with π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions, showed different light absorption spectral characteristics and photophysical properties. Moreover, the dye particle size and dye ionization were influenced by the dye concentration, molecular weight, molecular configuration, etc. Analysis of the molecular dynamics of reactive dyes revealed that the maximum dye aggregation size was predominantly dimer at low dye concentration. However, the dimer ratio significantly decreased, while the trimer ratio increased, and higher-order aggregates were observed at a higher dye concentration. The strength of hydrogen bonds between dye molecules and water molecules, as well as the number of water molecules surrounding dye molecules, was influenced by dye concentration and alkali. This study provides a foundation for understanding the micro-aggregation behavior of reactive dyes and offer guidance for optimizing the dyeing process in practical production settings.

Shallow Groundwater Quality Assessment and Pollution Source Apportionment: Case Study in Wujiang District, Suzhou City

Groundwater serves as a crucial resource, with its quality significantly impacted by both natural and human-induced factors. In the highly industrialized and urbanized Yangtze River Delta region, the sources of pollutants in shallow groundwater are more complex, making the identification of groundwater pollution sources a challenging task. In this study, 117 wells in Wujiang District of Suzhou City were sampled, and 16 groundwater quality parameters were analyzed. The fuzzy synthetic evaluation method was used to assess the current status of groundwater pollution in the study area; the principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to discern the anthropogenic and natural variables that influence the quality of shallow groundwater; and the absolute principal component scores–multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model was applied to quantify the contributions of various origins toward the selected groundwater quality parameters. The results indicate that the main exceeding indicators of groundwater in Wujiang District are I (28%), NH4-N (18%), and Mn (14%); overall, the groundwater quality is relatively good in the region, with localized heavy pollution: class IV and class V water are mainly concentrated in the southwest of Lili Town, the north of Songling Town, and the south of Qidu Town. Through PCA, five factors contributing to the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in Wujiang District were identified: water–rock interaction, surface water–groundwater interaction, sewage discharge from the textile industry, urban domestic sewage discharge, and agricultural non-point source pollution. Additionally, the APCS-MLR model determined that the contributions of the three main pollution sources to groundwater contamination are in the following order: sewage discharge from the textile industry (10.63%) > urban domestic sewage discharge (8.69%) > agricultural non-point source pollution (6.26%).

Wood meet MOFs: Facile, green, and highly selective adsorbent for textile wastewater

Owing to their unique physicochemical features, ionic liquids (ILs) are extensively utilized to dissolve cellulose for the preparation of regenerated cellulose fibers (RCFs) in the textile industry. However, Cu2+ is introduced during the cellulose dissolution process and gradually accumulates, seriously affecting the RCF performance and IL recovery. Herein, to achieve an efficient and selective adsorption of Cu2+ from ILs aqueous solutions, a facile and green method based on the in situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 in wood hydrogels (ZIF-67@WH) is presented. The morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, thermal stability, and pore structure of the resulting ZIF-67@WH were investigated using various characterization techniques, and the adsorption selectivity, adsorption thermodynamics, adsorption kinetics, and recoverability were examined in depth by performing batch experiments. The ZIF-67@WH exhibits high adsorption selectivity for Cu2+ and ILs with adsorption ratios of 92.8 % and 2.2 %, respectively. The selective adsorption mechanism was elucidated by means of FT-IR, XPS, DFT, and MD. As the key for the selective adsorption, the N site in ZIF-67 dramatically promotes the coordination with Cu2+, while the adsorption for ILs mainly occurs via hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions with adsorption energies of –80.61 and –35.33 kcal/mol, respectively. The results demonstrate that this approach constitutes a feasible technique for the efficient separation of Cu2+ and ILs in the textile industry.

Disperse Red 1 azo dye: consequences of low-dose/low-concentration exposures in mice and zebrafish

Color Index Disperse Red 1 (DR1), an azo dye widely used in the textile industry and released into aquatic environments, is genotoxic in somatic cells, but little is known concerning its effects on the reproductive system or the early stages of embryonic development. We have assessed the effects on the spermatozoa of male mice following oral exposure to the dye, at low doses, for 14 days. Measured endpoints were DNA damage (comet assay), miRNA-34c levels, and sperm number, morphology, and motility. Exposure caused decreased miRNA-34c levels. We have also examined dye effects on zebrafish embryos and larvae, which included developmental impairment, altered glutathione transferase activity, and effects on reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels.

Influence of water on liquid ammonia-based sustainable dyeing of ramie fiber

Liquid ammonia dyeing emerges as an environmentally benign and sustainable option for the textile industry, characterized by a minimal ecological impact. However, its adoption is hampered by certain limitations, such as suboptimal dye exhaustion and issues with color uniformity, which present significant hurdles to its widespread industrial application. Building on the premise that the addition of water to an ethanol solvent can enhance reactive dye exhaustion in cotton fiber dyeing, this study delves into the dyeing behavior of ramie fiber using a water-liquid ammonia mixture with Reactive Red 195. The incorporation of water into the liquid ammonia solution was observed to marginally decrease the color strength (K/S value) of the dyed ramie fiber, compared to the dyeing with anhydrous liquid ammonia. This reduction is likely due to the diminished expansion of the amorphous regions within the fiber. However, the color levelness of the dyed ramie fiber was enhanced by the addition of water to the liquid ammonia. To decipher the influences on the dyeing process, the Taguchi method, utilizing an orthogonal array (L16), was applied. The analysis revealed that the dye mass factor was the predominant influencer (79.08 %), followed by the liquor ratio factor (18.53 %), with both factors demonstrating statistically significant effects (p < 0.05). A multifaceted analysis of the samples was conducted using advanced techniques such as XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). These analyses confirmed that the water-liquid ammonia treatment induced changes in the samples’ properties. The treated samples exhibited lower barium activity numbers and breaking force values, indicating structural alterations. Furthermore, the molecular structure of Reactive Red 195 remained intact throughout the dyeing process in the water-liquid ammonia mixture, thereby affirming its viability for practical applications in the textile industry.