Textile Industry Research Articles

Impact and Significance of Accounting Standards in Enhancing Financial Transparency within Pakistan’s Textile Industry

The investigation assesses the extent to which accounting standards foster financial openness in Pakistan's textile sector, which makes a substantial economic contribution to the country through employment, exports, and income generation. Accounting standards guarantee financial reporting's comparability, consistency, and dependability, which are critical for stakeholders' decision-making, including lenders, investors, and regulatory agencies. Implementing local standards established by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan and International Financial Reporting Standards improves accountability and transparency in Pakistan's textile sector. Even with their advantages, the complicated regulatory environment, shifting market conditions, and disparities in compliance among various firms make it difficult to adopt these standards. This evaluation looks at how following these guidelines affects the transparency of financial statements, lowers fraud rates, and lessens the chance of financial misreporting. It also discusses the sector-specific issues that Pakistan's textile industry faces, such as differences in revenue recognition, inventory value, and related party transaction disclosure that can skew evaluations of financial health. The evaluation emphasizes the role of sound accounting procedures in promoting investor trust and, importantly, in streamlining regulatory supervision, which should give the audience confidence in the oversight of the industry. Additionally, it assesses current measures to enhance compliance, such as ICAP's attempts to harmonize national standards with IFRS and government incentives for better corporate governance in the sector. Standardized accounting procedures enable sustainable growth in Pakistan's textile sector and improve the nation's standing internationally by fostering a transparent financial environment.

Removal of Congo red and tartrazine binary mixture using Leucaena leucocephala seed’s extract as natural coagulant

Abstract The textile industry is one of the industries that produces wastewater with complex contents and has the potential to pollute the environment. Consequently, wastewater treatment is required to prevent this problem. The utilization of natural coagulants to treat dye wastewater has been carried out by various researchers. However, most of the research only uses a single dye as the wastewater model, despite the complex nature of the real wastewater. Therefore, in this study crude extract of Leucaena leucocephala seed was used to coagulate single and binary dye mixtures with Congo red and Tartrazine as the model substance. The coagulation was carried out by varying the initial pH (3−9), dose of coagulant (50−1150 mg eq BSA/L) and the initial dye concentration (50−100 mg/L). It was found that Leucaena crude extract has successfully removed 99.54% of the Congo red (pH 3; dose 650 mg eq BSA/L) and 53.2% (pH 3; dose 1150 mg eq BSA/L) of Tartrazine at 50 mg/L single dye wastewater. The removal of 50 mg/L binary mixture was 94.4 and 54.6% for Congo red and Tartrazine, respectively, at pH 3 and coagulant dose 1050 mg eq BSA/L.

A novel laccase for alkaline medium temperature environments in the textile industry.

Laccases are extensively used in the textile industry due to their ability to decolorize dyes, modify fabric surfaces, and bleach textiles. Identifying a laccase with both high thermal stability and alkali tolerance suitable for textile applications presents a significant challenge. A novel alkaline laccase, LacCT, was discovered from Caldalkalibacillus thermarum and successfully expressed it in Escherichia coli. LacCT displayed optimal activity at 65°C and maintained high stability across a pH range of 6.0-10.0, with an optimal pH of 7.5. Through rational design, the thermal stability of the best variant, G190P/Q254Y/G336M/D510F (LacCT-11), was significantly enhanced, resulting in a half-life of 63.2 min at 60°C - 1.8 times longer than that of the wild type. This research introduces a promising new laccase with considerable potential for decolorizing textile wastewater and improving the ramie degumming process.

Leveraging Lean and Green Supply Chain Practices for Sustainable Supply Chain Performance: The Moderating Role of Environmental Orientation

Abstract This study investigates the impact of lean and green supply chain practices on business process performance and sustainable supply chain performance. The research utilises the resource-based view (RBV) theory to construct a conceptual model wherein lean and green supply chain practices are employed to augment business processes and sustainable performance. Concurrently, dynamic capabilities theory is applied to signify an organisation’s capacity to adapt and evolve in response to internal and external pressures from customers and competitors. The conceptual model is validated using structural equation modelling with a sample of 170 supply chain practitioners from the apparel and textile supply chain in Jordan. Results indicate that lean practices exhibit no direct impact, whereas green practices significantly influence business process performance and indirectly affect sustainable supply chain performance. Business process performance does not mediate the relationship for lean practices, but it does so for green practices. Moreover, the environmental orientation of both competitors and customers negatively moderates the impact of green practices on business processes and sustainable supply chain performance. These findings contribute to existing literature and underscore the crucial role of green supply chain practices in enhancing sustainable supply chain performance in the apparel and textile industry.

Gonad development of female tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to acid red 88 textile dye

Abstract Textile dyes are artificial dyes that are widely used by the textile industry because they have many types of colors and are cheap. The azo dye used can be an aromatic compound that has stable properties, so if it is in water, it can be more toxic than the azo dye itself. This study aims to determine the effect of exposure to acid red 88 dye and a minimum dose of acid red 88 dye on the level of gonad maturity and gonadosomal index (GSI) of parent tilapia fish. This research was an experimental study; tilapia fish were kept for 7 days with 5 treatments and 4 repetitions. Data collection was carried out by looking at the TKG of tilapia fish in morphology and histology, and then the GSI of tilapia fish was analyzed using the ANOVA test. The results of this research show that acid red 88 is said to be an endocrine-disrupting chemical and produces excess reproductive hormones, which can affect fish health. Then there was damage to the histology of the TKG of the tilapia. The conclusion of this research is that exposure and dose of acid red 88 dye have an influence on the morphology and histology of TKG and the GSI value of tilapia.

Extraction and characterization of novel alternative cellulosic fiber for sustainable textiles from Aloe barbadensis Miller stems (agricultural waste)

Novel research has been conducted on Aloe vera, focusing on stems fiber (agricultural waste), for the extraction of cellulosic fiber, an area lacking prior scientific exploration. This fiber is being reported for the first time in the scientific community. Aloe barbadensis Miller variety was subjected to various cultivation methods, including the application of inorganic and organic fertilizers, along with the removal of lower leaves to promote stem growth. Stem fibers were extracted using the water retting method and subsequently analyzed. The moisture content was 55.35 % and 6.99 % ash content in the fibers. The bacteriostatic analysis of Aloe vera fibers was assessed against four bacterial strains, with both ethanol and water extracts showing varying degrees of inhibition zones. The UV–Visible spectrum exhibited a distinct λmax at 247 nm in ethanol, while FT-IR analysis provided characteristic peaks at 3759, 1590, 1750, 1663, 1250, 564, SEM images displayed the smooth surface morphology of the fibers, and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated a high degree of crystallinity (78.67 %), suggesting a well-structured and crystalline nature. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was conducted to determine the elemental composition of the fibers, revealing the presence of carbon, oxygen, calcium, and copper, with carbon being the predominant element in cellulose. These results showed promising properties suggesting potential applications in textile industry as an alternative sustainable natural cellulosic fiber.

Green approach for fabricating hybrids of food waste-derived biochar/zinc oxide for effective degradation of bromothymol blue dye in a photocatalysis/persulfate activation system

This study presents novel composites of biochar (BC) derived from spinach stalks and zinc oxide (ZnO) synthesized from water hyacinth to be used for the first time in a hybrid system for activating persulfate (PS) with photocatalysis for the degradation of bromothymol blue (BTB) dye. The BC/ZnO composites were characterized using innovative techniques. BC/ZnO (2:1) showed the highest photocatalytic performance and BC/ZnO (2:1)@(PS + light) system attained BTB degradation efficiency of 89.47% within 120 min. The optimum operating parameters were determined as an initial BTB concentration of 17.1 mg/L, a catalyst dosage of 0.7 g/L, and a persulfate initial concentration of 8.878 mM, achieving a BTB removal efficiency of 99.34%. The catalyst showed excellent stability over five consecutive runs. Sulfate radicals were the predominant radicals involved in the degradation of BTB. BC/ZnO (2:1)@(PS + light) system could degrade 88.52%, 84.64%, 81.5%, and 77.53% of methylene blue, methyl red, methyl orange, and Congo red, respectively. Further, the BC/ZnO (2:1)@(PS + light) system effectively activated PS to eliminate 97.49% of BTB and 85.12% of dissolved organic carbon in real industrial effluents from the textile industry. The proposed degradation system has the potential to efficiently purify industrial effluents which facilitates the large-scale application of this technique.

Adsorption of natural dye phycocyanin by means of Laponite®: Synthesis and characterization of the hybrid obtained

This work addresses the use of Laponite® clay in various applications, focusing on its adsorption capacity and improvement of properties in water-based products. It describes the synthesis of Laponite® hybrids with the pigmented cyanobacterium phycocyanin (PC) to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the dye. This research addresses the importance of Laponite® clay in improving rheological properties of water-based products due to its ability to interact with components in aqueous solutions. Laponite® can be effectively dispersed in water, enhancing the dispersion of other elements in solution and preventing aggregation of solids. The structure and properties of synthetic Laponite® are described, highlighting its use in the textile industry as an additive for pigments and the formation of gels. Experimentally, Laponite® is used to adsorb phycocyanin, a cyanobacterial pigment, with the aim of achieving maximum adsorption. A design of experiments with different experimental conditions, including pH, addition of silane and surfactant, is used. A detailed analysis of the characterization of the resulting hybrids is presented, including colour, total solar reflectance (TSR), thermal analysis (TGA), EDS, FTIR and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The results show successful adsorption of the pigment in all experiments, with adsorption percentages above 97%. The colour of the hybrids is evaluated and the total solar reflectance is analyzed, highlighting their importance in applications such as coatings and printed textiles. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction are used to study the structural properties of the hybrids. For future work, it is intended to be able to apply the hybrids obtained on an industrial scale in the colouring of textiles and plastic polymers.

Adsorption parameters optimization of spent coffee ground biochar for methylene blue removal using response surface methodology

This study investigates the potential of spent coffee ground biochar (SCGB) as a sustainable and cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB), a hazardous dye commonly used in the textile and printing industries. A response surface methodology (RSM) approach with central composite design (CCD) was employed to systematically investigate the effects of key process parameters, including adsorbent dosage, solution pH, contact time and temperature, on MB removal efficiency. The analysis revealed that adsorbent dosage and temperature as critical factors influencing MB removal, with a linear model providing a strong correlation. Optimal conditions for MB removal were determined to be 0.99 g of SCGB, 30 min of contact time, 30 °C temperature, and a solution pH of 7. Under these conditions, MB removal reached 99.99%, with a desirability of 1.000. The experimental results closely matched the predicted values, differing by only 0.02%, thus validating the accuracy of the model. Kinetic studies indicated a rapid adsorption process, well-described by both pseudo-first and pseudo-second order models. Isotherm analysis confirmed the applicability of the Freundlich model, suggesting favorable adsorption with increasing MB concentration. The high adsorption capacity of SCGB is attributed to its carbonaceous and porous structure, highlighting its potential as an effective adsorbent for dye removal in wastewater treatment applications.

P05-05 Use of model ensembles to fill labelling gaps for compounds used in textile and leather industry

P05-05 Use of model ensembles to fill labelling gaps for compounds used in textile and leather industry

Reuse and Recovery of Water from Industrial Textile Dyeing Effluent Using High-Performance Electrodes Continuous Flow Electrocoagulation Reactor

The dye effluents released from the textile and printing industries contain strong colorants, inorganic salts, and other toxic compounds. The conventional coagulation technique of dye effluent treatment is plagued with issues of low removal rate of color, generation of large quantities of sludge, and toxic end-products. Recently electrocoagulation technique gained immense attention due to its high efficiency. This technique involves the dissolution of the sacrificial anodes to provide an active metal hydroxide as a strong coagulant that destabilizes the pollutants and removes them by precipitation or flocculation. This study is about the efficiency of the electrocoagulation process using titanium coated - aluminum and mild steel electrodes to treat industrial dye wastewater. Effects of parameters such as current density & initial dye concentration were investigated. It was observed that, for the same current density, electrode consumption was higher with TiO2/Al electrode than with mild steel electrode, resulting in more color removal efficiency (CRE) using TiO2/Al electrode. The settling rate of the flocs was higher in the rector having TiO2/Al electrode at the 100 mL with current density (2.5 mL.min-1 to 5.3 mL.min-1), while in the reactor with mild steel electrode, the settling rate was very less. The results showed that dye removal was 95.11% and 92.1% for mild steel and titanium-coated electrodes, respectively. It was observed that 50 % of Aluminum was removed from the treated effluent after the final stage of filtration. Based on the multicriteria analysis to identify the optimum operational parameters to be applied at the field level, it was observed that maximum CRE may be obtained with TiO2/Al electrode and the applied current of 1 Amps with a flow rate of 100 mL.min-1. It can be concluded that electrocoagulation is a highly efficient and the fastest method to treat dye effluents from industries.

Study on supercritical water regeneration of bio-based activated carbon saturated with acid red G

The dye and textile industry commonly employs activated carbon adsorption technology due to its cost-effectiveness and high efficiency. However, disposing of waste-activated carbon has a significant environmental and human health impact, and it’s a huge economic waste. This study investigates the kinetic and isothermal adsorption characteristics of Acid Red G dye adsorption by Powdered Activated Carbon derived from coconut shells. To effectively reuse activated carbon and maximise resource conservation, regeneration experiments were carried out using Supercritical Water at 24 MPa and 400 ℃ for 30 min. The experimental results demonstrated that, in comparison with thermal regeneration, supercritical water possesses the benefits of environmental protection, economic efficiency and extensive applicability. This is of considerable importance to the field of research concerning the regeneration of activated carbon.

Green synthesis of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles using Hyphaene thebaica: A facile route towards magnetic and photocatalytic application

Wastewaters from textile industries contribute to significant volumes of colored and hazardous material pollution. Photocatalytic degradation offers a method to reduce organic pollutants, such as dye-containing effluents effectively. Nickel Ferrite (NiFe2O4) receives the most attention in spinel ferrites since it has diverse applications in catalysis, sensor technology, spintronics, magnetocaloric refrigeration, high-density data storage devices, etc. We performed the green synthesis of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles by fruit extract of a gingerbread tree (Hyphaene thebaica). We characterized it with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD indicates the inverse-spinel structure of the F3dm space group with crystallite size measured as 30 nm. SEM and TEM revealed the spheroidal structure of NiFe2O4 NPs. The green synthesized NiFe2O4 has tetrahedral and octahedral stretching vibrations of Ni–O and Fe–O, as suggested by FTIR. Doublet-like peak behavior in the Raman spectrum indicated the presence of a mixed spinel structure. We studied magnetic behavior in two different modes, and magnetization measurements showed a soft ferromagnetic behavior with a saturation magnetization of 1.527 emu g−1. For photocatalytic potential, the degradation efficiency was 97 % after 90 min at adding 1 g/L of NiFe2O4 nano-catalyst, which shows the high catalytic activity of NiFe2O4 NPs under visible light conditions.

Exploring eco-friendly pseudo stem fiber from the agricultural byproducts of the Alpinia purpurata plant

This study explored the potential of Alpinia purpurata pseudostems, an agricultural waste product, as a sustainable and eco-friendly source of natural fibers for the textile industry. The aim was to characterize the properties of natural cellulose fibers from the pseudostems of the Alpinia purpurata plant. The research employed water retting to extract the fibers, and the intrinsic fiber properties obtained were evaluated for their suitability in textile applications. The average length of an Alpinia purpurata fiber was 67.80 cm with a fineness value of 7.61 Tex. A bundle of Alpinia purpurata fibers was comprised of many elementary fibers. Alpinia purpurata had an irregular cross-section, with the lumen having a varied oval shape. The fibers exhibited tenacity and elongation values of 2.49 g/denier and 5.72 %, respectively, and a coefficient of friction value of 0.49. Additionally, Alpinia purpurata fibers were hygroscopic, with a moisture regain value of 11.97 %. The findings revealed that the fibers possessed notable tensile strength, moderate elongation, and high moisture regain, making them suitable for non-apparel textile products requiring durability and moisture management. While not the strongest among natural fibers, their sufficient strength and other advantageous properties demonstrated their viability for various applications. This work addressed a significant gap in the literature on the utilization of agricultural by-products, proposing Alpinia purpurata pseudostems as a sustainable alternative that aligned with environmentally responsible manufacturing practices and supported the circular economy. Future research was recommended to optimize processing techniques and explore broader applications.

Structural interspecies variability of mammals' hairs.

Hairs are fundamental structures for mammals, serving crucial functions such as thermal insulation and hydrophobicity. In domestic animals, hair is also a valuable source of high-performance fibers for the textile industry, which has led to intensive study. However, there is limited comparative knowledge about the physical properties of hair across different wild mammalian species. In our lab, we are investigating the physical properties of hairs from a diverse range of wild mammalian species, laying the groundwork for an in-depth comparative study. These physical properties can be linked to the internal structures of the hairs. Using polarized light microscopy, we can visualize the internal structure of hairs, which are composed of a hollow channel (medulla) surrounded by a cortex and a keratin cuticle(1). By examining the brown hairs of three distinct mammals-the Patagonian mara, the brown bear, and the Amur tiger-we observe striking differences in their internal structures. We speculate that these structural differences correspond to varying physical properties, which we are currently investigating.

Histology of skin, gill, liver, and kidney of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus exposed by azo dyes acid red 88.

Abstract Coloring is one of the main process in textile production. Using azo dyes type are the first pick of textile industries. Therefore, the disposal of dye waste containing high levels of azo can increase the toxicity level also impact the fish. Acid Red 88 is an azo type dye which provides a red color as the basic color for coloring textile products. Acid Red 88 are left behind as much as 60% of textile waste. the textile factories wastewater in Indonesia contains an average of 750 mg/L suspended solids. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of azo dye Acid Red 88 exposure to tilapia by the histology of its skin, gills, liver and kidneys. The method used was experimental method with 4 different exposure concentrations of Acid Red 88 P0 (0 mg/L), P1 (75 mg/L), P2 (150 mg/L), P3 (225 mg/L), and P4 (300 mg/L). The damage is identified on the histology of the organs and then measured using a scoring method. The results showed that several damages were found such as epithelial erosion, edema, hyperplasia, telangectasis, hemorage, fatty degeneration, congestion and necrosis.

Effect of HRM Practices on Textile Industry Performance through HR Outcomes and Job Satisfaction as Mediator

Effect of HRM Practices on Textile Industry Performance through HR Outcomes and Job Satisfaction as Mediator

Recent Advances in Magnetic Feˣ⁺/TiO₂ Microfibers for Wastewater Treatment as Climate Change Mitigation

Chemical dyeing and finishing processes used in the clothing and textile industries are among the main contributors that can increase the impact of climate change. Photocatalysis using nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been continuously developed as a promising technology for purifying dye wastewater into simpler and environmentally friendly components. In addition, the decoration of iron cations (Fe2+) and (Fe3+) increases the reusability of the photocatalyst due to their magnetic properties, which are easy to collect for the recycling process. Magnetic Fex+/TiO2 microfibers have been successfully prepared using a hydrothermal method using titanium dioxide in an alkaline solution. Cations were added into the solution with the different molar ratios of Ti/Fex+ to produce Fe2+/TNW and Fe3+/TNW, respectively. Photocatalysis activity test using magnetic Fex+/TNW was carried out using methylene blue in a reactor equipped with an incandescent bulb lamp representing solar light. The results showed that adding the cations resulted in a new shape of palm tree leaves, like titanate microfibers. Controlling the cation’s molar ratio produces the magnetic Fex+/TNW with a 50-150 µm length. SEM images of each material presented the uniformly elongated shape and aggregated on one side morphology. In addition, paramagnetic properties indicate that magnetic Fex+/TNW can be easily separated from the dispersion in less than 1 minute using an external magnet. A photocatalysis activity test of magnetic Fex+/TNW was performed by calculating the percent degradation of methylene blue with variations in irradiation time in visible light conditions. The result showed the effectiveness of photodegradation of methylene blue was significantly increased in materials with 3.3 molar ratios of both Ti/Fe2+ and Ti/Fe3+ with a percent degradation reaching 79% and 70%, respectively, in 5 hours. In conclusion, magnetic Fex+/TNW is introduced as an alternative dye wastewater treatment technology that has reusable properties and works well on sustainable energy sources of solar light.

Analyzing the Determinants of Yarn Economics in the Cotton Industry: A Comprehensive Case Analysis

The cotton industry is a cornerstone of the global economy, influencing agricultural practices, trade, and industrial development. This study explores the key determinants shaping the cotton sector, focusing on procurement, price stabilization, export promotion, research and development, and skill enhancement initiatives. The Cotton Corporation of India (CCI) plays a crucial role in this ecosystem by ensuring fair compensation for farmers through minimum support prices, facilitating consistent cotton supply for the textile industry, and promoting exports to enhance market reach. Furthermore, the CCI's investments in research and development aim to improve cotton quality and resilience, addressing the industry's evolving challenges. Amidst these advancements, the cotton industry faces pressures such as price volatility, shifting consumer preferences, and an increasing emphasis on sustainable practices. This paper underscores the need for adaptive strategies and collaborative efforts among stakeholders, including farmers, manufacturers, and policymakers, to enhance the industry's competitiveness and sustainability. Future research should delve into the impacts of global market dynamics and technological innovations to better understand the cotton sector's opportunities and challenges.

Establishing Sustainable Education for Fashion and Textiledesign According to the SDG

Objective: This study aimed to integrate Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into fashion and textile industry education. It sought to connect the supply chain and address the growing demand for sustainability in the industry through interdisciplinary solutions. Theoretical Framework: Several key theoretical concepts and models were grounded. The SDGs provided a broad framework for integrating environmental, ethical, and social considerations into industry practices. The Triple Bottom Line (TBL) theory was used to understand how economic, environmental, and social dimensions could be balanced in the fashion and textile industry. Additionally, Stakeholder Theory was employed to analyze the interactions between academic institutions and industry supply chains. Method: A qualitative analysis was employed, focusing on how sustainable development was practiced in architectural education. Industry professionals were interviewed to understand industry experiences and needs. A literature review method was used to systematically collect, assess, and synthesize existing research findings. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that fashion and textile colleges needed to establish teaching methods guided by the SDGs. Both academic and supply chain responses were positive, highlighting the potential and feasibility of this teaching model. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical significance of this study was discussed, providing insights into how the research findings could be applied or impact sustainable teaching models. These implications could endow designers with necessary sustainability knowledge, skills, and tools in education, strengthen the connection between the supply chain and academia, and enhance interdisciplinary collaboration to drive the fashion and textile industry towards greater sustainability and circularity. Originality/Value: This study contributed to the literature by collecting and synthesizing existing research findings. It demonstrated the value and relevance of the research by guiding academic and supply chain cooperation and enhancing interdisciplinary integration with the SDGs.