Textile Fabrics Research Articles

Fabrication of air‐conditioning tussah silk with capric–stearic eutectic mixture for effective energy storage and thermal‐regulatory applications

AbstractUnder the urgent demand of effective energy‐storage and thermal‐regulatory textile fabrics, the air‐conditioning tussah silk as a new arrival is endowed with this excellent property by coupling with the phase change material of capric acid–stearic acid eutectic mixture. In addition, the facile pad‐dry‐cure technique used with the assistance of ultrasonic waves efficiently avoided the problems of the sophisticated process and low efficiency in traditional post‐finishing methods with phase change microcapsules. With optimal preparation conditions, the resultant tussah silk exhibited a superior thermal reliability and thermoregulatory character along with a phase enthalpy of 31.80 J g−1 at a phase change temperature of 24.01 °C. Meanwhile, the tested air permeability, mechanical properties and washing fastness showed its favorable thermal and wear comfort. Benefitting from these admirable merits, this air‐conditioning tussah silk with tunable heat storage and release performance could automatically respond to external temperature stimuli, finally contributing to practical application in intelligent protective garments. The intelligent bidirectional temperature‐adjusting property corresponding to the efficient management of human skin temperature is beneficial for constructing a comfortable microclimate for the human body. In brief, our study provides a novel heat‐storage and temperature‐regulating textile with tussah silk as well as unique natural advantages by means of a simple preparation method. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.

Flame retardant coating of textile fabrics based on ionic liquids with self-extinguishing, high thermal stability and mechanical properties

Flame retardant coating of textile fabrics based on ionic liquids with self-extinguishing, high thermal stability and mechanical properties

Fabrication of Laser-Induced 3D Porous Graphene Electrodes for High-Performance Textile Microsupercapacitors

In recent decades, form factor of electronic devices is continuously evolving from flat device to curved and foldable devices to rollable devices. Electronic textile (E-textile) or electronic skin (E-skin) is attracting a lot of attention as one of the ultimate form factor devices. Many researchers have tried to change the form factor as E-textiles or E-skin for lots of electronics such as sensors, actuators, energy harvesting applications, displays, and even energy storage devices. Unlike devices such as displays and sensors that have practical applications, reliable energy storage devices in the form as E-textile and E-skin have not yet been for practical applications. Microsupercapacitors (MSCs) has received a lot of attention as power sources for wearable, textile or stretchable electronic devices due to their fast charging capability, long life cycle, and good safety. Most of electrode patterns for textile MSCs have been fabricated using inking based printing techniques such as screen printing, inkjet printing, and 3D printing. Although the ink printing techniques are considered to be compatible with large-scale production, the preparation of inks based on high performance namaterials requires a costly, time-consuming and complicated process including high temperature synthesis or dispersion in an toxic organic solvent. A robust textile MSC fabrication process with low cost, large-area, and high-performance is thus requiredLaser-induced graphene (LIG), acquired by the direct laser synthesis of various types of carbon precursors, have widely investigated as electrode materials of MSCs with the advantages of 3D porous electrodes with hierarchical porosity, high crystallinity, and high surface area. However, these superior properties of LIG electrode were not adopted in textile energy storage devices yet.In this work, LIG-based MSCs were fabricated by thermal transfer printing on textile. A LIG electrode directly laser-written on a PI film was transferred onto the adhesive film area of textile substrates during thermal transfer printing. The electrochemical performances of the as-fabricated textile LIG-MSCs were investigated. Especially, LIG-MSCs based on LIG-metal composite electrodes exhibit fast ion transport for high-rate performance with capacitive rectangular shapes at high scan rates of up to 20V/s, suggesting outstanding rate capability among graphene-based textile MSCs. Moreover, LIG-MSCs demonstrated the possibility of practical usage as textile energy storage devices such as cyclic stability, a waterproof property, and control of the working voltage or capacitance by series or parallel connection.

Material Characterization of Locally Available Textile Fabrics for Structural Applications

In the current era, rehabilitation and strengthening of reinforced concrete structures is a major need due to premature structural damage owing to various environmental effects, natural hazards and major modifications in the existing building use. Textile fabrics can be an economical and viable option in comparison to traditional strengthening techniques. Therefore, this study was planned to investigate the use of locally available textile fabrics for structural applications leading to economical and sustainable solutions. Sixteen fabrics were collected randomly from the local market and a series of tests including microscopic analysis, mass per unit area, ends and picks count, yarn number and uniaxial tensile strength were conducted to explore the most suitable textile fabric from strength and application aspects. Moreover, rectangular textile-reinforced mortar specimens were prepared incorporating those textile fabrics. Tested textile fabric specimens exhibited mass per unit area in the range of 117 to 1145 g/m2 depending on the fabric types. It was observed that tensile strength of the tested textile fabric depends on fiber composition, ends and picks count, yarn number and weave type. The greater the number of yarns in a fabric, the denser it will be and therefore it will be stronger in either direction (warp and weft). It was observed that the tensile strength in warp direction was higher than in weft direction due to the higher number of yarns in the warp direction. For instance, tested specimen TF16 showed ultimate tensile loads of 2890 and 2600 N in warp and weft directions, respectively. Furthermore, plain weave type fabric showed higher strength compared to that of the twill weave. It can also be argued that among the sixteen selected fabric specimens, plain weave fabric (i.e., glass) was found most suitable for textile-reinforced mortar applications due to adequate spacing and alternative movement of yarns, which leads to a stronger bond with the matrix and ultimately achieving higher tensile strength.

Novel method of obtaining textile fabrics with self-cleaning and antimicrobial properties

The manuscript describes a simple, economical method of producing textiles resistant to dirt and contamination (wine, raspberry juice, dye). The manuscript compares the use of the combined PDMS/TiO2 and PDMS/SiO2 methods. A formulation in the form of an aqueous dispersion of copolymers of acrylic acid esters with vinyl acetate was used as a crosslinking agent. There are no identical methods in the literature reports. The self-cleaning effect of the fabrics was assessed on the basis of the contact angle measurement and the effective removal of impurities. The obtained results showed that the presence of both PDMS and SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles generated excellent hydrophobicity on a textile fabric with a water contact angle 147.3̊ and 143.5̊, respectively. Additionally, the introduction of an antibacterial substance to the finish allowed us to obtain the hydrophobic coating that inhibits the growth of microorganisms.

Production of natural astaxanthin by Phaffia rhodozyma and its potential application in textile dyeing

Microbial astaxanthin are preferred over the synthetic equivalent, not only to impart color in a wide variety of products but also to provide bioactive antioxidants nutrients to human health. The yeast Phaffia rhodozyma is considered as one of the most important natural sources of astaxanthin. The present research work was designed to enhance the biosynthesis of astaxanthin by using synthetic substrates and moving from orbital shaker to 4 L stirred tank bioreactor (STB). Moreover, it was also evaluated the potential of astaxanthin-rich extracts in dyeing textile fabrics. Under optimal conditions in STB [carbon source (glucose/xylose) and aeration rate (1 vvm) with constant light irradiation], the process production achieved a 503.66 μg/gDCW (+ 48.99%) of astaxanthin compared to the orbital shakers (256.88 μg/gDCW). The in vitro antioxidant activity and potential cytotoxicity assessment of astaxanthin-rich extracts was evaluated, indicating the potential of astaxanthin to be used as a natural dyeing agent for textiles, envisioning the replacement of synthetic colorants by natural counterpart.

Performance Investigation of Textile Triboelectric Generators

With respect to the theory of the four Triboelectric Generators (TEGs) operational modes, a testing method is proposed. It describes and imitates more precisely the real conditions of the motion of the materials in a wearable clothing based TEG. The phenomenon of triboelectricity is investigated from a clearly textile approach, using typical textile fabrics made by ordinary textile production methods and environmental friendly materials. The performance investigation is based on the comparison of their triboelectric outcomes. It is of special interest that cotton fabrics showed adequate electrical response, and among them the twill weave pattern offered the highest voltage outputs.

Dyeing para‐aramid fabrics in supercritical carbon dioxide with pretreatment of nonthermal plasma induced oil polymers

AbstractIt has been a great challenge to effectively dye para‐aramids. This study systematically evaluated the dyeing of textile fabrics made of woven continuous filament, highly crystalline para‐aramids in supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) at various combinations of temperature (T = 80–160°C) and pressure (P = 10–20 MPa), focusing on our new pretreatment method of using nonthermal plasma (NTP) to induce oil polymers on the surface of the fabrics for the enhancement of dyeing. We found that, without any pretreatment, the specific para‐aramid fabric used in this study is undyeable (dyed K/S value of ~0.5), even after an NTP surface treatment and undergoing a dyeing process in ScCO2, due to its high crystallinity and chemical inertness. Pretreating the para‐aramids with soybean oil, acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO), or a mixture of soybean oil and acrylic acid (AA/Soy) followed by an NTP treatment significantly improved the dyeing color strength, as measured by K/S values up to 9.7. In these cases, AESO and AA/Soy provided comparable results, better than that obtained with soybean oil. The NTP treatment is essential in inducing a cross‐linked polymer network in situ, anchoring the para‐aramids with covalent bonds and also providing functional groups that bind the dye. The new dyeing method did not compromise the strength of the para‐aramids. Further, dyes soluble in ScCO2 should be selected, since the use of dyes insoluble in ScCO2 would require the addition of co‐solvents and other auxiliary chemicals, which complicates the downstream separation of these chemicals and decreases the benefit of ScCO2 dyeing.

Bio-inspired one-dimensional based textile fabric coating for integrating high flame retardancy, antibacterial, toxic gases suppression, antiviral and reinforcement properties

Herein, a green synthesis approach has been used for development of innovative, renewable, efficient and cost-effective flame retardant, antivirus, reinforced and antibacterial coatings for textile fabrics. Hence, rennet casein as biopolymer was facilely prepared from renewable caw milk source and its solution was prepared and then, abundant halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were uniformly dispersed with aid of ultrasonication producing new one-dimensional nanocomposite. Afterwards, the developed coatings were coated on different textile fabrics. The mass loadings of HNTs dispersed in casein solution were varied. The flammability, toxic gases suppression, reinforcement, antibacterial, and antiviral properties of the coated textile fabrics were significantly enhanced. The flame retardancy of treated textile fabrics achieved zero rate of burning (horizontal test) compared to 119 mm/min for blank cotton textile recording high-class flame-retardant textile. Additionally, the flame retardancy was corroborated from high LOI value of 35% compared to 18.5% for blank sample. Interestingly, the coated textile fabrics recorded significant inhibition of bacterial growth recording 17.6 mm of clear inhibition zone compared to zero for virgin and casein coated samples. Interestingly, the as developed coating affords more than 90% antiviral inhibition for adenovirus and herpesvirus. This is in addition to significant reinforcement of more than two-fold increase in tensile strength achieving excellent reinforcement. Interestingly, the developed coated textile fabrics achieved outstanding toxic gases suppression after combustion recording reduction in emission in CO, CO2, SO2, NOx and NO, by 97,70,85,75,75% respectively. Flame retardancy and toxic gases suppression mechanism was discussed and elucidated.

The Role and Applications of Aerogels in Textiles

Textiles have been used for clothing purposes since ancient times. However, due to their functional properties, their importance—as well as their use in various fields such as filtration, protective clothing, and medical applications—increased over time. Properties of the textile fabrics depend mostly on the fiber type, fabrication technique, and structure. Moreover, fabric porosity is one of the properties that provide comfort, increased thermal insulation, and filtration capability to the end products. The porous structure of woven, knitted, and nonwoven fabrics has been used for many years to get the desired porosity. Usually, macroporous structures are achieved using these types of textiles. Electrospinning is used to produce nanoporous textile fibrous web, but its poor mechanical properties and low production rate limit its use. Aerogels are solid materials with ultrahigh porosity at the nanoscale with low density and good thermal insulation properties, due to which they are considered potential insulation materials today. On the other hand, pure aerogels are sometimes brittle and have poor mechanical properties. Thus, they cannot be directly used in various applications. Consequently, textile reinforced aerogel composites have been developed, which could provide flexibility and strength to aerogels and impart nanoporous structure to textiles. This review summarizes conventional techniques to produce the porous structure in textiles followed by the modern techniques to develop a nanoporous structure. Further, different mechanisms to synthesize textile reinforced aerogel composites are discussed to get a nanoporous structure for filtration and thermal insulation applications. The porosity, mechanical properties, and thermal insulation of textile reinforced aerogel composites are also highlighted. In the end, we give a conclusion that not only summarizes the literature, but also includes recommendations for the researchers.

Fabrication of a biological metal–organic framework based superhydrophobic textile fabric for efficient oil/water separation

In response to the industry's difficulty in properly separating oily wastewater discharge, researchers are investigating enhanced oil/water separation materials. In this work, a cost-effective and environmentally friendly superhydrophobic textile fabric was fabricated for effective oil–water mixture and emulsion separation. A biological metal–organic framework consisting of copper as a core metal and aspartic acid as a linker (Cu-Asp MOF) was used to improve the surface roughness of the pristine textile fabric, and stearic acid was used to lower its surface energy. The thermal gravimetric analysis investigated the prepared Cu-Asp MOF's thermal stability. X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy studied the crystal orientation and chemical composition of the Cu-Asp MOF, Cu-Asp MOF@SA, pristine textile fabric, and superhydrophobic textile fabric, respectively. The surface morphology of the pristine and modified textile fabric was studied by scanning electron microscope. The wettability results showed that the prepared superhydrophobic textile fabric has a water contact angle of 158° ± 1.3 and water sliding angle of 2° ± 0.2°. The prepared superhydrophobic textile fabric showed excellent oil–water mixture and emulsion separation performance, oil absorption capacity, chemical stability, mechanical abrasion resistance, and a high flux rate. These outstanding characteristics of the prepared superhydrophobic textile fabric greatly increase the possibility for practical applications.

On the Quantification of Visual Texture Complexity.

Complexity is one of the major attributes of the visual perception of texture. However, very little is known about how humans visually interpret texture complexity. A psychophysical experiment was conducted to visually quantify the seven texture attributes of a series of textile fabrics: complexity, color variation, randomness, strongness, regularity, repetitiveness, and homogeneity. It was found that the observers could discriminate between the textures with low and high complexity using some high-level visual cues such as randomness, color variation, strongness, etc. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) on the visual scores of the above attributes suggest that complexity and homogeneity could be essentially the underlying attributes of the same visual texture dimension, with complexity at the negative extreme and homogeneity at the positive extreme of this dimension. We chose to call this dimension visual texture complexity. Several texture measures including the first-order image statistics, co-occurrence matrix, local binary pattern, and Gabor features were computed for images of the textiles in sRGB, and four luminance-chrominance color spaces (i.e., HSV, YCbCr, Ohta’s I1I2I3, and CIELAB). The relationships between the visually quantified texture complexity of the textiles and the corresponding texture measures of the images were investigated. Analyzing the relationships showed that simple standard deviation of the image luminance channel had a strong correlation with the corresponding visual ratings of texture complexity in all five color spaces. Standard deviation of the energy of the image after convolving with an appropriate Gabor filter and entropy of the co-occurrence matrix, both computed for the image luminance channel, also showed high correlations with the visual data. In this comparison, sRGB, YCbCr, and HSV always outperformed the I1I2I3 and CIELAB color spaces. The highest correlations between the visual data and the corresponding image texture features in the luminance-chrominance color spaces were always obtained for the luminance channel of the images, and one of the two chrominance channels always performed better than the other. This result indicates that the arrangement of the image texture elements that impacts the observer’s perception of visual texture complexity cannot be represented properly by the chrominance channels. This must be carefully considered when choosing an image channel to quantify the visual texture complexity. Additionally, the good performance of the luminance channel in the five studied color spaces proves that variations in the luminance of the texture, or as one could call the luminance contrast, plays a crucial role in creating visual texture complexity.

Experimental Study of the Chemical Composition and Evaluation of Microhardness of the Main Component of Heat-Shrinkable Tubing

In this paper, a heat-shrinkable InnoSHRINK XTFS tubing with diameters of10 cm is investigated. The chemical composition is determined by the infrared spectroscopy using the absorption spectrum within the range of 5000500 cm-1 with a resolution of 4 cm-1 and the number of scans of 32 of the main heat-shrinkable component of the textile fabric. Based on the obtained dependence, it is concluded that the main heat-shrinkable component is polyolefin monofilament. Polyolefin monofilament must be modified to have a shape memory effect in order to acquire the ability to shrink. Its microhardness is calculated to identify suitable operating conditions of materials made from such filaments. Microhardness allows you to choose the maximum load on the material. Previously, microhardness was determined only for compressed polyolefin samples. The author has successfully carried out the evaluation of microhardness for a single textile thread by melting it into a slot with Wood alloy.

A Review of Stimuli-Responsive Smart Materials for Wearable Technology in Healthcare: Retrospective, Perspective, and Prospective.

In recent years thanks to the Internet of Things (IoT), the demand for the development of miniaturized and wearable sensors has skyrocketed. Among them, novel sensors for wearable medical devices are mostly needed. The aim of this review is to summarize the advancements in this field from current points of view, focusing on sensors embedded into textile fabrics. Indeed, they are portable, lightweight, and the best candidates for monitoring biometric parameters. The possibility of integrating chemical sensors into textiles has opened new markets in smart clothing. Many examples of these systems are represented by color-changing materials due to their capability of altering optical properties, including absorption, reflectance, and scattering, in response to different external stimuli (temperature, humidity, pH, or chemicals). With the goal of smart health monitoring, nanosized sol–gel precursors, bringing coupling agents into their chemical structure, were used to modify halochromic dyestuffs, both minimizing leaching from the treated surfaces and increasing photostability for the development of stimuli-responsive sensors. The literature about the sensing properties of functionalized halochromic azo dyestuffs applied to textile fabrics is reviewed to understand their potential for achieving remote monitoring of health parameters. Finally, challenges and future perspectives are discussed to envisage the developed strategies for the next generation of functionalized halochromic dyestuffs with biocompatible and real-time stimuli-responsive capabilities.

Design and Development of a Repetitive Bending Tester for Bending Deformation in Textile Fabrics and Bonded Joints

Abstract It is critical to investigate the technical performance of non-stitch joining methods that have become prevalent recently. While examining the bonding strength and the factors that affect the strength of adhesive bonding in textiles, a bending test device was designed and produced to investigate the repetitive bending deformation. The novel test device provides bending deformation and tensile stress to the fabrics at different angles with its oscillating motion. The effects of repetitive bending deformation on fabric strength and adhesive bonding strength were investigated. The experimental analysis showed that repetitive bending deformation did not have a significant effect on the tensile strength of cotton/polyester blend and cotton fabrics. However, strength loss was observed in polyester fabric and cotton/elastane blended fabric samples. Moreover, significant reductions in bonded textile joint strength were observed even in the case of much less repetitive bending exposure.

Enhanced charge transport characteristics in zinc oxide nanofibers via Mg2+ doping for electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells and antibacterial textiles

ZnO is well-known electron transport material; however, its charge carrier mobility is restricted due to lower conductivity and hysteresis losses. To overcome these issues, 1–3 wt% Mg-doped ZnO nanofibers were synthesized via electrospinning and then applied as electron transport layer (ETL) of perovskite solar cell. The structural, morphological, chemical composition, electronic structure, and optical activity of the synthesized nanofibers were studied to elucidate the role of Mg doping. X-ray diffraction of all nanofibers revealed that Mg was successfully incorporated into ZnO lattice and revealed that ZnO is present in hexagonal wurtzite structure. Optical characterization of the nanofibers revealed that with an increase in Mg 2+ doping concentration, the bandgap energy (Eg) tuned from 3.36 eV to 2.8 eV. It was observed that doping ZnO matrix with Mg ions improved the electronic structure, hence favoring the increase in the fill factor, current density, and efficiency. By doping 1, 2, and 3 wt% Mg into ZnO, efficiency was increased up to 8.48, 10.33, and 13.52%, respectively. Thus, a significant improvement in the performance of ZnO was noted by our proposed facile Mg doping. In addition, a significant improvement in photocatalytic activity was observed in Mg doped ZnO, which was used for fabrication of antibacterial textiles.

Computer Prediction of Spectral and Energy Characteristics of Polymer Textile Fabrics

Computer Prediction of Spectral and Energy Characteristics of Polymer Textile Fabrics

One‐step flame retardant/hydrophobic finishing on cotton fabric with ammonium salt of hexamethylenediamine ‐ N, N, N′, N′ ‐ tetra (methylphosphonic acid) doped silica sol

AbstractWith the rapid development of textile technology, single‐function textile finishing is difficult to meet the current needs of people for textiles. Textiles with flame retardancy, superhydrophobicity, UV resistance, and other functions are increasingly favored by people. At present, most of the preparation processes of multifunctional textiles are complex and time‐consuming. In this work, a flame retardant hexamethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphate ammonium salt of hexamethylenediamine ‐ N, N, N′, N′ ‐ tetra (methylphosphonic acid) (AHDTMPA) was synthesized using hexamethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphate (HDTMPA) and urea with aqueous solution as solvent. Then AHDTMPA and cetyltrimethoxysilane were added into the solution with methyl trimethoxysilane (MTMOS) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as precursors to obtain a multifunctional sol. Finally, the multifunctional cotton fabric can be obtained by immersing the cotton fabric in the multifunctional sol in one‐step. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) and water contact angle (WCA) value of the finished cotton fabric was 27.6% and 131.4°, respectively. The FT‐IR characterization results and the SEM analysis verified the synthesis of AHDTMPA. The micro calorimeter combustion (MCC) and thermo gravimetric (TG) analysis indicated that the finished samples had less heat release capacity and less weight loss. The smoke density test showed good smoke suppression of the finished cotton fabric. Moreover, the whiteness of finished samples was nearly unchanged. In this work, the flame retardant and hydrophobic multi‐functional cotton fabric was prepared by one‐step, and the method is simple and efficient. The prepared functional cotton fabrics can be widely used in home textile fabrics, automotive interior fabrics, clothing fabrics, flags, tents, and protective clothing.

End-of-Life Textile Recognition in a Circular Economy Perspective: A Methodological Approach Based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy

The life cycle of textiles (i.e., fabrics and apparel products) generates many environmental impacts, such as resource consumption, water, soil, and air pollution through the dispersion of chemical substances and greenhouse gases. For these reasons, in 2019, textiles were identified as a “priority product category for the circular economy” by the European Commission that proposed a new circular economy action plan focusing on recycling. An in-depth characterization of textile fabrics could lead to an ad hoc recycling procedure, reducing resource consumption and chemicals utilization. In this work, NIR (1000–1650 nm) spectroscopy was applied to extract information regarding fabric composition, with reference to cotton, silk, viscose, and some of their blends, using two different devices: a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) platform and a portable spectroradiometer. The different fabrics were correctly classified based on their spectral features by both detection instruments. The proposed methodological approach can be applied for quality control in the textile recycling sector at industrial and/or laboratory scale thanks to the easiness of use and the speed of detection.

Hybrid Effect of Steel Bars and PAN Textile Reinforcement on Ductility of One-Way Slab Subjected to Bending.

Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) has gained attention from the construction industry due to several characteristics such as its lightweight, high tensile strength, design flexibility, corrosion resistance and remarkably long service life. Some structural applications that utilize TRC components include precast panels, structural repairs, waterproofing elements and façades. TRC is produced by incorporating textile fabrics into thin cementitious concrete panels. However, in order to use this strengthening method in construction practice, a design model is required. Investigating the combined effect of conventional steel and textile reinforcement on the ductility behavior of composite TRC/RC one-way slab is vitally important. Therefore, the current study describes the proper methods of calculating the ductility of the composite concrete reinforced by a direct combination of conventional steel and textile reinforcement. Four methods are presented to calculate the ductility of the three considered one-way slab specimens. The three slabs having dimensions 1500 mm × 500 mm × 50 mm were reinforced by steel bars (SRC), by steel with one layer of carbon fabric (SRC + 1T), and by steel with two layers of carbon fabric (SRC + 2T). The three slab specimens were cast by the hand lay-up method, removed from the molds, cured, and then tested in flexure after 28 days using the four-point bending method. The obtained results and calculations revealed the non-reasonability of using the conventional method based on yielding of steel reinforcement as the only criterion in the ductility determination. The results also confirmed the suitability of using the energy-based method over other discussed methods in the calculation of the ductility for the hybrid reinforced members.