Adsorption Of Textile Dyes Research Articles

Adsorption of textile dye onto modified immobilized activated alumina

The study describes the synthesis of modified immobilized activated alumina (MIAA) and its application for the removal of textile dye from aqueous media. Immobilization was carried out by using the sol–gel method while modifications were made during the synthesis by adding powder activated alumina. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out at 20±1°C to see the effect of different parameters like contact time, stirring rate, initial concentration of the dye and dose of MIAA. The removal efficiency of Cibacron reactive yellow dye with an initial concentration of 400mg/L was greater than 90% for 90min contact time. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applied which fitted the data with an R2 value of 0.99. The maximum adsorption capacity of MIAA was 25mg/g at the initial dye concentration of 400mg/L. MIAA can be regenerated thermally and chemically with the dye removal efficiency remained above 85% during the first 4 regeneration cycles. Thermal regeneration was achieved in a muffle furnace at 450°C while chemical regeneration was done by immersing MIAA in 0.1M NaOH solution for 2h. MIAA also proved effective for the adsorption of dyes from actual textile wastewater giving a removal efficiency of 75%.

The effects of sunflower seed shell modifying process on textile dye adsorption: kinetic, thermodynamic and equilibrium study

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the effects of natural sunflower seed shells (NSS) modifying process on the adsorption of a basic dye. For this purpose, adsorption studies were carried out with acid (H2SO4) treated shells and results were compared with that of NSS obtained in our previous studies. Common isotherm models were tested to evaluate the adsorption behaviours. It is concluded that Langmuir isotherm model is more suitable for modified NSS (MSS). The constants of this model were obtained as qmax = 284.45 mg/g and b = 0.017 L/mg for MSS at 30°C. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated as ΔH° = 76.24 kJ/mol, ΔS° = 336.21 J/mol and maximum ΔG° = −25.45 kJ/mol. The adsorption process was followed by the pseudo-second-order equation according to the kinetic studies. Optimum pH and adsorbent dosage were calculated as 7.4 and 10 g/L, respectively, for adsorption of astrazon red (AR) on MSS in this study. Final dye concentrations in low-cost MSS decreased at least 45% that of NSS. The dye removal eff...

Adsorption of textile dyes on raw and decanted Moroccan clays: Kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics

Inexpensive and easily available Moroccan natural clays were investigated for the removal availability of textile dyes from aqueous solution. For this purpose, the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) as reference molecule, malachite green (MG) representative of cationic dyes and methyl orange (MO) representative of anionic dyes, was studied in batch mode under various parameters. The clays were characterized by means of XRD, cationic exchange capacity and BET surface area analysis. The experimental results show that, the adsorption was pH dependent with a high adsorption capacity of MB and MG in basic range and high adsorption of MO in acidic range. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided the best fit to the experimental data for the adsorption of MB and MG by the clays. However, the adsorption of MO was more suitable to be controlled by an intra-particle diffusion mechanism. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. The adsorption process was found to be exothermic in nature in the case of MB and MO. However, the adsorption of MG was endothermic.

Response surface methodological evaluation of the adsorption of textile dye onto biosilica/alginate nanobiocomposite: thermodynamic, kinetic, and isotherm studies

The present investigation was carried out to synthesize biosilica/calcium alginate (CA) nanobiocomposite and evaluate the efficiency of as-prepared adsorbent for removing Direct Blue 71 (DB71) from aqueous solutions. Response surface methodology based on central composite design was applied to optimize the process. Accordingly, the maximum color removal of 81.49% was achieved at an initial DB71 concentration of 21 mg/L, adsorbent dosage of 2.4 g/L, contact time of 42 min and initial pH of 5. The negative values of Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) and enthalpy change (ΔH°), which were obtained during the thermodynamic study, revealed spontaneous and exothermic nature of the adsorption process, respectively. The adsorption of DB71 onto the nanobiocomposite followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.977) and Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.994). The maximum adsorption capacity of biosilica/CA nanobiocomposite for the adsorption of DB71 was found to be 21.32 mg/g. The value of mean free energy (12.91 kJ/mol) indicated chemical adsorption of DB71 onto the adsorbent.

Elimination of Dyes Present in Textile Industry Wastewater Using Adsorbent Materials Prepared from Broccoli Stem

This paper presents the results of the adsorption of textile dyes in static systems, using adsorbent materials prepared from broccoli waste collected after harvest. The adsorption capacities of the non-activated lignocellulosic residue (BrocNat), the chemically activated waste using sodium hydroxide (BrocNaOH), the thermally activated at 823 K ash (AshBroc), and the chemically activated carbon using phosphoric acid at 673 K (CarBrocQ) were tested. Aqueous solutions containing cationic and anionic dyes as well as textile effluents generated after the dyeing process of a cotton-processing factory containing vat and reactive dyes were treated. Lignocellulosic materials were only effective in removing dyes when they were found in aqueous solution. The carbonaceous adsorbent CarBrocQ presented removal percentages close to 100% and between 13 and 75% for reactive and vat dyes contained in the effluents respectively. To accomplish the complete elimination of color from effluents containing vat dyes, these were treated before adsorption, using aluminum chlorohydrate and poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) as coagulant and flocculant agents, respectively. The COD of the effluent containing vat dyes was reduced up to 93% after both treatments were combined, and the removal of color was absolute. The high adsorption capacity of CarBrocQ occurs because of its high specific surface area, which was determined by N2 adsorption to be 1177 m2g-1. In the case of the lignocellulosic material, the specific surface area was determined by means of adsorption of methylene blue, and it was 485 m2g-1 for both. The adsorption capacity of CarBrocQ was compared with that of commercial carbons, and proved to be similar. The adsorption results obtained indicate that broccoli waste can be used to prepare activated carbon with applications in the removal of dyes present in textile effluents.

Functionalized Magnetic Microparticles for Fast and Efficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Aqueous Solution

The use of magnetic micro- and nanoparticles for the removal of pollutants from wastewater is gaining increasing attention. Here, amine-functionalized magnetic microparticles (AFMMs) and carboxylic-functionalized magnetic microparticles (CFMMs) were synthesized by modifying the surface of Fe3O4 with amino and carboxyl groups for fast and efficient removal of textile dyes from aqueous solution. The functionalized magnetic microparticles were characterized by TEM, SEM, FTIR, and VSM. The adsorption experiments were carried out by varying the regulating parameters like solution pH and adsorbent dosage and analyzed in terms of kinetic and isotherm models. It was demonstrated that simple electrostatic interactions between functionalized magnetic microparticles and adsorbates played a dominating role in the adsorption of textile dyes. The positively charged AFMMs adsorbed the negatively charged dyes vat blue (VB) and direct violet (DV) at pH 6 with the maximum removal percentages of 95.72 and 97.29 %, respectively. The maximum removal percentages of cationic dyes methylene blue (MB) and azure A chloride (AA) on the negatively charged CFMMs were 92.28 and 92.22 % at pH 11, respectively. Moreover, the adsorbed dyes could be desorbed completely from the surface of CFMMs at a lower pH, and AFMMs also allowed rapid removal of VB and DV in different water samples. All the results in the present work demonstrated that the functionalized magnetic microparticles as efficient, magnetically separable adsorbents are attractive for the removal of dye pollutants.

Textile Dye Adsorption Onto Raw Clay: Influence of Clay Surface Properties and Dyeing Additives

Textile Dye Adsorption Onto Raw Clay: Influence of Clay Surface Properties and Dyeing Additives

Kinetics and equilibrium study for the adsorption of textile dyes on coconut shell activated carbon

The preparation of activated carbon from coconut husk with H2SO4 activation (CSAC) and its ability to remove textile dyes (maxilon blue GRL, and direct yellow DY 12), from aqueous solutions were reported in this study. The adsorbent was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Various physiochemical parameters such as, contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, particle size, pH of dye solution and temperature were investigated in a batch-adsorption technique. Result showed that the adsorption of both GRL and DY 12 dyes was favorable at acidic pH. The adsorption uptake was found to increase with increase in initial dye concentration, and contact time but decreases with the amount of adsorbent, particle size, and temperature of the system. The chemisorption, intra-particle diffuse, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were applied to test the experimental data. The pseudo-second order exhibited the best fit for the kinetic studies, which indicates that adsorption of (GRL, and DY 12) is limited by chemisorption process. The equilibrium data were evaluated using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Fritz–Schlunder isotherms. The Fritz–Schlunder model best describes the uptake of (GRL and DY 12) dye, which implies that the adsorption of textiles dyes in this study onto coconut husk activated carbon is heterogeneous with multi-layers. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy were determined. It was found that (GRL and DY 12) dye adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic.

Hydrothermal pre-treatment for mesoporous carbon synthesis: enhancement of chemical activation

This work presents a resource-friendly process to produce high surface area mesoporous activated carbons from biomass. ZnCl2 as an activating agent was incorporated into the biomass (coconut shells) during a hydrothermal pre-treatment step. The pre-treatment was followed by pyrolysis accompanied by physical activation. The resultant mesoporous activated carbons possessed a higher total surface area and a greater degree of mesoporosity compared to the biomass that was pyrolysed without hydrothermal treatment. The cause of higher mesoporosity is inferred to be the more conducive environment for accessibility of ZnCl2 due to reduced diffusion resistance to the biomass provided by the hydrothermal treatment. In addition, the hydrothermal environment facilitated the generation of oxygen-containing functional groups that contributed to the enhanced activity of ZnCl2. Up to 67% increase in the mesoporous surface area was achieved with the inclusion of the pre-treatment step. Analogously, 50% more ZnCl2 was required to deliver the same performance in the absence of the pre-treatment step. The mesoporous activated carbons were tested for adsorption of textile dyes and possessed high adsorption capacities of up to 526 mg and 630 mg per g of carbon for methylene blue and erythrosine red, respectively. The incorporation of the hydrothermal pre-treatment is an important step in developing processes for converting biomass that make efficient and effective use of activating agents.

Kinetic and equilibrium modeling for adsorption of textile dyes in aqueous solutions by carboxymethyl cellulose/poly(acrylamide‐co‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) semi‐interpenetrating network hydrogel

Semi‐interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels were synthesized by free radical copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in aqueous solution of sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC). The hydrogels were crosslinked with N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide (NMBA). Hydrogel was also synthesized from copolymerisation of AM and HEMA. This was designated as PAMHEMA. All of these hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), mechanical properties, and equilibrium swelling in deionized water. These hydrogels were used for adsorption of two important textile dyes, i.e., basic fuchsin and methyl violet from water at different experimental conditions. These hydrogels were found to show high removal% and adsorption of these two dyes from water for both low and high feed concentration range. Experimental dye adsorption data were fitted to five kinetic and seven adsorption model equations with non‐linear fittings. The experimental data were observed to fit well to most of these model equations because of non‐linear fitting. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 53:2439–2453, 2013. ©2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

Acid Black 48 dye biosorption using Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized with treated sugarcane bagasse

The textile industry consumes large quantities of water and chemicals, especially in dyeing and finishing processes. Textile dye adsorption can be accomplished with natural or synthetic compounds. Cell immobilization using biomaterials allows the reduction of toxicity and mechanical resistance and opens spaces within the matrix for cell growth. The use of natural materials, such as sugarcane bagasse, is promising due to the low costs involved. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of sugarcane bagasse treated with either polyethyleneimine (PEI), NaOH or distilled water in the cell immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for textile dye removal. Three different adsorption tests were conducted: treated sugarcane bagasse alone, free yeast cells and bagasse-immobilized yeast cells. Yeast immobilization was 31.34% with PEI-treated bagasse, 8.56% with distilled water and 22.54% with NaOH. PEI-treated bagasse exhibited the best removal rates of the dye at all pH values studied (2.50, 4.50 and 6.50). The best Acid Black 48 adsorption rates were obtained with use of free yeast cells. At pH 2.50, 1 mg of free yeast cells was able to remove 5488.49 g of the dye. The lowest adsorption capacity rates were obtained using treated bagasse alone. However, the use of bagasse-immobilized cells increased adsorption efficiency from 20 to 40%. The use of immobilized cells in textile dye removal is very attractive due to adsorbed dye precipitation, which eliminates the industrial need for centrifugation processes. Dye adsorption using only yeast cells or sugarcane bagasse requires separation methods.

Modeling the adsorption of textile dye on organoclay using an artificial neural network

Decolorization of Reactive Red 141 by an organoclay was investigated. The organoclay was synthesized in laboratory conditions by using a cationic surfactant (hexadecyltrimethylammoniumbromide) in an amount equivalent to 100% of the cation exchange capacity of bentonite. The surface modification of bentonite with the surfactant was examined using X-ray diffraction and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic technique. Adsorption isotherms and equilibrium adsorption capacities were determined by the fitting of the experimental data to three well-known isotherm models: Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips (Langmuir–Freundlich). Results indicated that the decolorization was dependent on contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature. An artificial neural network model was developed to predict the decolorization of the Reactive Red 141 solution. It was concluded that artificial neural network provided reasonable predictive performance. Simulations based on the developed artificial neural network model can estimate the behavior of the decolorization process under different conditions.

Adsorption of Textile Dye on Zinc Stannate Oxide: Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamics Studies

Zn2SnO4 powder was prepared by hydrothermal process at 200°C for 12 h. The material was characterized by X-ray-diffraction and surface area. The synthesized sample presented a pure phase and a surface area of 48.8 m2 · g−1. It was used as adsorbent to remove the Reactive Red 141 that is a azo textile dye. The adsorption kinetics of the textile dye on Zn2SnO4 followed the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption process was found to be controlled by both external mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion. The equilibrium data were in good agreement with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated, and the results revealed that the adsorption process is endothermic in nature, with weak forces of the Van der Walls acting.

The Removal of Textile Dyes with Cross-Linked Chitosan-Poly(acrylamide) Adsorbent Hydrogels

This study examined the behaviors and mechanisms of chitosan (CS)-poly(acrylamide) (PAAM) full interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) hydrogels as an adsorbent to remove EY-4GL and S-Blue textile dyes from an aqueous solution. CS-PAAM IPN hydrogels were prepared by acrylamide monomer polymerization in the presence of a natural polymer, e.g., chitosan. N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAM) and glutaraldehyde (GLA) were selected to cross-link PAAM and CS chains and a full-IPN structure formed simultaneously. Kinetic swelling studies of CS-PAAM IPNs were carried out with deionized water and aqueous dye solutions. The experimental data clearly suggested that the swelling process obeys second-order kinetics. Network and diffusion parameters for CS-PAAM and PAAM hydrogels were calculated and it was observed that these IPN hydrogels have high cross-linking efficiencies in comparison to PAAM hydrogels. Adsorption of textile dyes onto hydrogels was studied by a batch adsorption technique at 23°C and 40°C, and it was seen that the higher temperature increased the dye adsorption onto the hydrogels. L type (Lan gmuir) adsorption isotherms, according to Giles classification system, were established at the end of adsorption experiments. The prepared IPN hydrogels show good ability to uptake textile dyes from wastewater.

Kinetics and thermodynamics of indanthrene textile dye adsorption onto chitosan

AbstractThe kinetics and equilibrium of Indanthrene Olive Green (IOG) adsorption on chitosan, from aqueous solutions, have been investigated. The chitosan was characterized by XRD, average degree of deacetylation (DD), TGA/DTG, IR, SEM and specific BET surface area. Batch adsorptions experiments were carried out in different pH and dye concentration. An acidic pH condition (4.0 to 6.0) was favorable to the adsorption process. The adsorption followed secondorder rate kinetics and the experimental equilibrium data followed Langmuir isotherm, suggesting that chemisorption might be the major adsorption mode. The adsorptions also occurred on chitosan fibers, being significantly lower than that of crushed chitosan. Thermodynamic parameters ( ΔG°, ΔH°, and S°) were calculated. The positive values of ΔH° (161.7 kJ mol-1) and S° (559.9 J mol-1 K-1) suggest that the adsorption is endothermic and that during this adsorption process the randomness of the system increases. A simplified adsorption model is also proposed.

Adsorption of textile dyes on Pine Cone from colored wastewater: Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies

In this paper, the adsorption of Acid Black 26 (AB26), Acid Green 25 (AG25) and Acid Blue 7 (AB7) onto Pine Cone (PC) was investigated in aqueous solution. Surface study of PC was investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of operational parameters such as adsorbent dosage, dye concentration, inorganic anion (salt), pH and temperature onto dye removal was studied. The intraparticle diffusion model, the pseudo-first order and the pseudo-second order were used to describe the kinetics data. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin adsorption models. Thermodynamic parameters of dye adsorption were obtained. The experimental data fitted well to the pseudo-second order kinetics model for dyes. The results indicated that isotherm data of AB26 and AG25 followed Langmuir isotherm and isotherm data of AB7 followed Freundlich isotherm models. The thermodynamic data indicated that the adsorption was endothermic process. Dye desorption studies in aqueous solution at pH 12 showed that maximum desorption of 93%, 97% and 94.5% were achieved for AB26, AG25 and AB7, respectively. It can be concluded that PC could be effectively employed as an effective biosorbent for the removal of dyes.

Performance assessment and isotherm modeling of dye uptake by h3po4 and zncl2 modified activated carbon animalis from poultry droppings

Activated carbon animalis was prepared from poultry droppings by H3PO4 and ZnCl2 activation at 5 and 15 minutes dwells time. Four different isotherms were used to model data obtained from adsorption of textile dye from waste water. Applicability of the models followed the trend; Langmuir (R2 = 0.87-0.989) > Radushkevich – Dubinin (R2=0.731-0.973)> Frendhich (R2=0.735-0.967) > Temkin (R2=0.742-0.951). The Langmuir separation factor (RL) revealed thefavorable nature of the adsorption. Samples, activated at longer time with ZnCl2 gave the best quality carbon with high saturation capacity (qD), high mean free energy (ED) and high maximum capacity (qm), but least adsorption energy (BD). Adsorption was majorly monolayer on uniform strategies, with no transmigration of adsobate. The overall results in this assessment indicate that percentage dye removal ranged between 28-63.60%, 38-76.00%, 33.58-50.40% and 24.83-76.00% for pd/A/5, pd/A/15, pd/z/5 and pd/z/15 respectively. This is an indication that, the Poultry waste biomass can be a good precursor for generating adsorbent for uptake of multicomponent organic solute.Keywords: Isotherm modeling, activated carbon, poultry dropping, textile dye

Adsorption behavior of a textile dye of Reactive Blue 19 from aqueous solutions onto modified bentonite

The aim of this study is to evaluate adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamic parameters of Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) onto modified bentonite from aqueous solutions. The effects of pH, contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature were investigated in the experimentally. Natural bentonite was modified by using 1,6-diamino hexane (DAH) as a modifying agent. The characterization of modified bentonite (DAH-bentonite) was accomplished by using FTIR, TGA, BET and elemental analysis techniques. The optimum pH value for the adsorption experiments was found to be 1.5 and all the experiments were carried out at this pH value. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model agrees very well with the experimental results. Equilibrium data were also fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model in the studied concentration range of RB19 at 20 °C. The results indicate that DAH-modified bentonite is a suitable adsorbent for the adsorption of textile dyes.

Rice Husk Based Adsorbents for Textile Effluent Treatment

Adsorption of textile dyes onto rice husk based adsorbents from aqueous solutions was studied to enable comparison with alternative commonly available absorbents. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the effect of method of treatment of rice husk on adsorption. Untreated and treated rice husk were tested for adsorption of Basic Green 4 and Acid Blue 80. The maximum adsorption was observed at solution pH values above 6 for Basic Green 4 and below 3 for Acid blue 80. Raw rice husk (RRH), base treated rice husk (BRH) and thermally treated rice husk (TRH) were superior to other adsorbents tested. Fixed bed column studies were conducted for RRH, BRH and TRH and breakthrough curves were obtained. Bed capacity, breakthrough time, length of the unused bed and time required for full bed exhaustion under ideal condition were calculated from breakthrough curves. Bed capacities for Basic Green 4 and Acid Blue 80 for thermally treated rice husk were 45 and 30 mg/ g respectively. Experimental data obtained from unsteady state fixed bed column studies were used for scale-up calculations and for determination of industrial scale fixed bed adsorber dimensions. Tests on real textile waste water consisting of a mixture of dyes showed that Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels can be reduced to 210 and 30 respectively using thermally treated rice husk.

Kinetics and thermodynamics of textile dye adsorption from aqueous solutions using babassu coconut mesocarp

Extracted babassu coconut (Orbignya speciosa) mesocarp (BCM) was applied as a biosorbent for aqueous Blue Remazol R160 (BR 160), Rubi S2G (R S2G), Red Remazol 5R (RR 5), Violet Remazol 5R (VR 5) and Indanthrene Olive Green (IOG) dye solutions. The natural sorbent was processed batchwise while varying several system parameters such as stirring time, pH and temperature. The interactions were assayed with respect to both pseudo-first-order and second-order reaction kinetics, with the latter the more suitable kinetic model. The maximum adsorption was obtained at pH 1.0 for all dyes due to available anionic groups attached to the structures, which can be justified by pH(pzc) 6.7 for the biosorbent BCM. The ability of babassu coconut mesocarp to adsorb dyes gave the order R S2G>VR 5>BR 160>IOG>RR 5, which data were best fit to Freundlich model, but did not well-adjusted for all dyes. The dye/biopolymer interactions at the solid/liquid interface are all spontaneous as given by free Gibbs energy, with exothermic enthalpic values of -26.1, -15.8, -17.8, -15.8 and -23.7 kJ mol(-1) for BR 160, R S2G, RR 5, IOG and VR 5, respectively. In spite of the negative entropic values contribution, the set of thermodynamic data is favorable for all dyes removal. However, the results pointed to the effectiveness of the mesocarp of babassu coconut as a biosorbent for removing textile dyes from aqueous solutions.