Textbook Of Surgery Research Articles

Pocket Companion to Sabiston Textbook of Surgery

This pocket companion to the 16th edition of Sabiston’s Textbook of Surgery is a very portable source of key information on the broad spectrum of topics contained in the mother text for which it is named, including the basic sciences as related to surgery and several chapters dedicated to surgical subspecialties. As stated in the preface of the book, it is intended “to provide students, residents, and working surgeons with readily available pertinent information,” a goal that it handily achieves. Over 170 tables, flow diagrams, and illustrations accompany the text to reinforce key concepts. Arranged in a bulleted, outline fashion, this book provides an easy-to-follow format. Its 71 chapters seamlessly correspond with the chapters in the main Sabiston text. The editors have done an excellent job sifting through the vast amount of material contained in the large book and have selected appropriate key concepts to include in the outline format without bogging the pages down in details nonessential to a general review of a given subject, keeping the book in line with the purpose for which it was intended. For complete coverage of a topic the reader is referred to the appropriate chapter in the textbook. The text of each chapter is double spaced and uncluttered, giving the reader an opportunity to add notes in between the lines or in the margin of the page. When used in conjunction with the main Sabiston text, or even with other major texts, this book provides an excellent supplemental means of studying for in-service or board exams and can provide an excellent review of a myriad of subjects. Recognizing the need to be concise in a text of this nature, one criticism of the book is that references for the material contained in the chapters are not listed, unlike some of the other “pocket companion” type books (i.e., WA Manual of Surgery). However, if one desires to look up these references they are easily located in the mother text. The book was priced at $40.95 at the local medical bookstore, exactly the same price as similar books (such as Surgical Secrets and the Washington Manual of Surgery) and slightly more than Advanced Surgical Recall. In summary, the Pocket Companion to Sabiston Textbook of Surgery provides any student of surgery with an easy to follow, portable, and competitively priced book allowing quick general review of virtually any subject in general surgery. It reaches its full potential when used in conjunction with the Sabiston Textbook of Surgery mother text, but provides an excellent supplemental means of study, regardless of which major text one prefers.

The first American textbook of surgery.

The first systematic textbook of surgery written in the United States, The Elements of Surgery, was completed in 1813 by John Syng Dorsey, a University of Pennsylvania surgeon. The work thoroughly covered all major clinical areas of surgery of that time in a two-volume, 797-page text. Subsequent editions were published in 1818, 1823, and 1831. It became the standard surgical textbook in this country during that era and was the first American medical text exported abroad for use at the more established European centers of medical education. The reasons for writing the text included a desire to put into print the teachings of Philip Syng Physick (first Chair of the Department of Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania, and Dorsey's uncle), the new American nationalism, and socioeconomic pressures forced on the American publishing industry by the War of 1812 and preceding trade embargoes. In addition to extensive exposure to Physick, Dorsey was also uniquely qualified to write and illustrate this text, as he exhibited an unusually succinct style and was a remarkable medical artist. The book was the forerunner to William Gibson's The Institutes and Practice of Surgery and all American surgical textbooks to follow.

Textbook of Plastic Surgery [in Chinese

Textbook of Plastic Surgery [in Chinese

Pneumo-surgical pack—a preliminary report

Surgical packs made of sponge or gauze towel have been described for more than a thousand years in surgery textbooks and relevant literature but until now without much innovation. This study presents a self-retaining pneumo-surgical pack as an alternative device to the intra-abdominal gauze towel packs used during laparotomy to restrain abdominal contents—to keep the omentum and intestines away from the uterus Fallopian tubes and ovaries and provide satisfactory surgical exposure. The pneumo-surgical pack consists of two layers of inflatable and leak-proof silicone with a long tube incorporated laterally at its lowest part. This tube running from the operative field to the exterior draws attention; it thus prevents the possibility of being left in the abdominal cavity and spares the need for a count. (excerpt)

Does this patient have acute cholecystitis?

Although few patients with acute abdominal pain will prove to have cholecystitis, ruling in or ruling out acute cholecystitis consumes substantial diagnostic resources. To determine if aspects of the history and physical examination or basic laboratory testing clearly identify patients who require diagnostic imaging tests to rule in or rule out the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Electronic search of the Science Citation Index, Cochrane Library, and English-language articles from January 1966 through November 2000 indexed in MEDLINE. We also hand-searched Index Medicus for 1950-1965, and scanned references in identified articles and bibliographies of prominent textbooks of physical examination, surgery, and gastroenterology. To identify relevant articles appearing since the comprehensive search, we repeated the MEDLINE search in July 2002. Included studies evaluated the role of the history, physical examination, and/or laboratory tests in adults with abdominal pain or suspected acute cholecystitis. Studies had to report data from a control group found not to have acute cholecystitis. Acceptable definitions of cholecystitis included surgery, pathologic examination, hepatic iminodiacetic acid scan or right upper quadrant ultrasound, or clinical course consistent with acute cholecystitis and no evidence for an alternate diagnosis. Studies of acalculous cholecystitis were included. Seventeen of 195 identified studies met the inclusion criteria. Two authors independently abstracted data from the 17 included studies. Disagreements were resolved by discussion and consensus with a third author. No clinical or laboratory finding had a sufficiently high positive likelihood ratio (LR) or low negative LR to rule in or rule out the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Possible exceptions were the Murphy sign (positive LR, 2.8; 95% CI, 0.8-8.6) and right upper quadrant tenderness (negative LR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-1.1), though the 95% CIs for both included 1.0. Available data on diagnostic confirmation rates at laparotomy and test characteristics of relevant radiological investigations suggest that the diagnostic impression of acute cholecystitis has a positive LR of 25 to 30. Unfortunately, the available literature does not identify the specific combinations of clinical and laboratory findings that presumably account for this diagnostic success. No single clinical finding or laboratory test carries sufficient weight to establish or exclude cholecystitis without further testing (eg, right upper quadrant ultrasound). Combinations of certain symptoms, signs, and laboratory results likely have more useful LRs, and presumably inform the diagnostic impressions of experienced clinicians. Pending further research characterizing the pretest probabilities associated with different clinical presentations, the evaluation of patients with abdominal pain suggestive of cholecystitis will continue to rely heavily on the clinical gestalt and diagnostic imaging.

Pocket Companion to Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 16th ed. C. M. Townsend Jr. (ed.) 215 × 125 mm. Pp. 899. Illustrated. 2002. London: WB Saunders. £25.95

Pocket Companion to Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 16th ed. C. M. Townsend Jr. (ed.) 215 × 125 mm. Pp. 899. Illustrated. 2002. London: WB Saunders. £25.95

Oxford textbook of surgery on CD-ROM, single user version. 2nd ed. P. J. Morris and W. C. Wood (eds) Illustrated. 2002. Oxford: Oxford University Press. £250.00

Oxford textbook of surgery on CD-ROM, single user version. 2nd ed. P. J. Morris and W. C. Wood (eds) Illustrated. 2002. Oxford: Oxford University Press. £250.00

Textbook of Surgery. second edition

Textbook of Surgery. second edition

State of the art in gastrointestinal surgery 100 years ago: Operations in the gastrointestinal tract in general (chapter XII) and Resection of bowel carcinoma (chapter XIV) from the Textbook of Special Surgery (1897) by Eduard Albert (1841-1900).

State of the art in gastrointestinal surgery 100 years ago: Operations in the gastrointestinal tract in general (chapter XII) and Resection of bowel carcinoma (chapter XIV) from the Textbook of Special Surgery (1897) by Eduard Albert (1841-1900).

MRCP and ERCP in the diagnosis of common bile duct stones

Common bile duct stones have been reported to occur in up to 15% of patients with symptomatic gallstones. 1 Ahrendt SA Pitt HA. Biliary tract. in: 16th ed. Sabiston textbook of surgery: the biological basis of modern surgical practice. WB Saunders, Philadelphia2001: 1076-1111 Google Scholar Although the sensitivity of abdominal US for cholelithiasis or gallbladder stones is in excess of 95%, 2 Cooperberg PL Burhenne HJ. Real-time ultrasonography. Diagnostic technique of choice in calculous gallbladder disease. N Engl J Med. 1980; 302: 1277-1279 Crossref PubMed Scopus (202) Google Scholar , 3 Crade M Taylor KJW Rosenfield AT de Graaff CS Minihan P. Surgical and pathologic correlation of cholecystosonography and cholecystography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1978; 131: 227-229 Crossref PubMed Scopus (99) Google Scholar , 4 McIntosh DMF Penney HF. Gray scale ultrasonography as a screening procedure in the detection of gallbladder disease. Radiology. 1980; 136: 725-727 Crossref PubMed Scopus (59) Google Scholar reported sensitivities of US for common duct stones range from 18% to 74%. 5 Laing FC. The gallbladder and bile ducts. in: 2nd ed. Diagnostic ultrasound. Mosby-Year Book, St. Louis1998: 175-223 Google Scholar , 6 Mitchell SE Clark RA. A comparison of computed tomography and sonography in choledocholithiasis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1984; 142: 729-733 Crossref PubMed Scopus (84) Google Scholar This variable sensitivity is related in part to the operator-dependent nature of US and the obscuration of stones by bowel gas. Sensitivities of conventional CT in the setting of suspected choledocholithiasis range from 76% to 90%. 7 Baron RL. Common bile duct stones: reassessment of criteria for CT diagnosis. Radiology. 1987; 162: 419-424 Crossref PubMed Scopus (108) Google Scholar , 8 Jeffrey RB Federle MP Laing FC Wall S Rego J Moss AA. Computed tomography of choledocholithiasis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1983; 140: 1179-1183 Crossref PubMed Scopus (67) Google Scholar In a preliminary report, unenhanced helical CT has been shown to have a sensitivity of 88%, a specificity of 97%, and an accuracy of 94% in the diagnosis of common bile duct stones. 9 Neitlich JD Topazian M Smith RC Gupta A Burrell MI Rosenfield AT. Detection of choledocholithiasis: comparison of unenhanced helical CT and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Radiology. 1997; 203: 753-757 Crossref PubMed Scopus (133) Google Scholar

Sabiston textbook of surgery: the biological basis of modern surgical practice. 16th ed. C. M. Townsend, R. D. Beauchamp, B. M. Evers and K. L. Mattox (eds) 285 × 220 mm. Pp. 1750. Illustrated. 2001. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: WB Saunders. $129⋅00

Sabiston textbook of surgery: the biological basis of modern surgical practice. 16th ed. C. M. Townsend, R. D. Beauchamp, B. M. Evers and K. L. Mattox (eds) 285 × 220 mm. Pp. 1750. Illustrated. 2001. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: WB Saunders. $129⋅00

MEDIA REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice, 16th Edition Edited by Courtney M. Townsend Jr., R. Daniel Beauchamp, B. Mark Evers, and Kenneth L. Mattox.Handbook of Cardiovascular Emergencies, 2nd edition Edited by James W. Hoekstra.Child Abuse—Medical Diagnosis and Management, Second Edition Edited by Robert M. Reece and Stephen Ludwig.Be Not Afraid: Overcoming the Fear of Death. By Johann Christoph Arnold.The Worst Is Over: What To Say When Every Moment Counts. By Judith Acosta and Judith Simon Prager, La Jolla;

Colored illustrations of obstetrics manipulations and instrumentation techniques of a Turkish surgeon Serafeddin Sabuncuoglu in the 15th century

Serafeddin Sabuncuoglu (1385–1470) was the author of the first illustrated surgical textbook Cerrahiyyet’ül Haniyye (Imperial Surgery) in the Turkish–Islamic literature. In the obstetric section he gave detailed descriptions of normal and abnormal presentation, surgical manipulation of intrauterine foetal death and retained placenta. He wrote about previously described procedures and the obstetric culture of his time. Some authors have claimed that he only translated Abu Kasim-al Zahrawa (Albucasis)’s Al-Tasrif (Textbook of Surgery) and added the illustrations of the surgical techniques. Even if this is accepted, the illustrations are enough to entitle this work as a milestone. In this paper, we describe the contributions of this pioneer in obstetrics and compare his recommendations with the current practice.

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Association with Horseshoe Kidney

The presence of a horseshoe kidney (HSK) may complicate an anterior approach to reconstructive surgery of aorta and iliac vessels, because the isthmus of the HSK lies across the aorta and because HSK is often associated with anomalous renal vessels. Routine preoperative assessment may not reveal the presence of HSK. We report two cases of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) associated with HSK, which were diagnosed intra-operatively. Authoritative textbooks of vascular surgery advise against division of the isthmus of the HSK. In the cases reported here, division of the isthmus was helpful in simplifying successful repair of the AAA.

Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice, 16th ed.

Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice, 16th ed.

Textbook of Surgery. 2nd ed.

Textbook of Surgery. 2nd ed.

Victor Bonney. The Gynaecological Surgeon of the Twentieth Century.

Chamberlain, G. Victor Bonney. The Gynaecological Surgeon of the Twentieth Century. 140 pages, figures. New York, London : The Parthenon Publishing Group , 2000 . Price GBP 19.95, USD 29.95 . We tend to forget or neglect the giants on whose shoulders we stand. Before reading the present biography about Victor Bonney, my only link to the name was through Bonney’s test in examination for stress incontinence, which never raised my curiosity enough to search for the man behind the name. Geoffrey Chamberlain has put the matter straight by giving a painstaking account of Bonney’s life and accomplishments, from his birth in Chelsea in 1872 until he died in 1953. Robert Shaw states in the Foreword that Bonney was indeed a leading, if not the fore most, gynecological surgeon of the first half of the twentieth century. As a young doctor he entered into gynecological surgery at Chelsea Hospital by coincidence, in 1899. The next year he trained in obstetrics at Queen Charlotte’s Hospital, and from there went steadily up the ladder, specializing in gynecological surgery and becoming a Hunterian professor at the Royal College of Surgeons at the age of 35. In 1905 Ernst Wertheim visited the United Kingdom and demonstrated his radical hysterectomy for cancer of the cervix, unfortunately with a fatal result, as the patient died of peritonitis three days later. In those days, before radium treatment for advanced stages of the disease was established, radical surgery remained the patients’ only hope of survival. Bonney took up the challenge and performed a series of radical hysterectomies with favorable results. Before the advent of modern anesthetics, antibiotics and blood transfusions, radical operations demanded much more surgical skill than today. He also became a proponent for conservative management of the myomatous uterus, doing myomectomies instead of removing the whole organ. His record was the removal of 234 fibroids from one uterus. This may have been an effect of his wife’s experience. Shortly after their wedding in 1905, she had a hysterectomy because of heavy bleeding, rendering the Bonney’s childless. Bonney deservedly achieved great fame as a gynecological surgeon, but ironically had the same experience as Wertheim had had in London, when a patient died on the operating table when he demonstrated his skills to colleagues on a tour to New Zealand in 1927. The moral of the story is left to the reader. Chamberlain gives a vivid account of Bonney’s private life: his obsession with motor cars in the early years of the twentieth century, devotion to opera, fondness of dancing, painting, friendship with others high and mighty like Rudyard Kipling, and his chain smoking, preferably of cigars. He wrote textbooks. The most famous of these, A Textbook of Gynaecological Surgery, appeared in 1911, and the 6th edition appeared in 1952. Bonney’s affiliation with the Royal College of Surgeons and his opposition to the foundation of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists is a recurring theme. He was clearly a man of conservative attitudes, who held his ground to the last minute and a bit beyond. The chapters are in chronological order, following world events. During the Second World War Bonney, who turned seventy in 1942, took on a locum gynecological post in Cheltenham for the duration of the war. He was then described as ‘a dapper little man, beautifully but quietly dressed with a double gold Albert across his waistcoat and carrying a gold-headed cane’. He charmed all the women (patients and nurses alike) by calling them ‘Darling’. Those of you who are curious to learn how the speciality of obstetrics and gynecology evolved and how surgery in the early years was its mainstay, will enjoy reading this book. It primarily addresses British readers, but as medicine is universal, it will appeal to all. It contains a set of photographs, mainly of the family album type. The binding of my copy was poor, pages loosened too easily.

Colonoscopic clipping of fecal fistula that occurred as a postoperative complication in patients with perforated appendicitis: Two case reports

Fecal fistula is a rare complication after appendectomy. The fistula usually closes spontaneously with conservative treatment, but some cases are intractable. 1 Telford GL Condon RE Appendix. in: 4th ed. Shackelfords surgery of the alimentary tract. : WB Saunders, Philadelphia1996: 140-149 Google Scholar , 2 Condon RE Telford GL Appendicitis. in: 14th ed. Textbook of surgery: the biological basis of modern surgical practice. WB Saunders, Philadelphia1991: 884-897 Google Scholar These patients usually require secondary operations, although several alternative treatment modalities have also been tried. 3 Carlos A David WM Howard AR Complicated enterocutaneous fistulas: failure of octreotide to improve healing. World J Surg. 2000; 24: 533-538 Crossref PubMed Scopus (35) Google Scholar , 4 Lange V Meyer G Wenk H Schildberg FW. Fistuloscopy—an adjuvant technique for sealing gastrointestinal fistulae. Surg Endosc. 1990; 4: 212-216 Crossref PubMed Scopus (47) Google Scholar , 5 Eleftheriadis E Tzartinoglou Kotzamassi K Aletras H Early endoscopic fibrin sealing of high-output postoperative enterocutaneous fistulas. Acta Chir Scand. 1990; 156: 625-628 PubMed Google Scholar , 6 Lomis NN Miller FJ Loftus TJ Whiting JH Giuliano AW Yoon HG Refractory abdominal-cutaneous fistulas or leaks: percutaneous management with a collagen plug. J Am Coll Surg. 2000; 190: 588-592 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (35) Google Scholar , 7 Sarfeh IJ Jakowatz JG. Surgical treatment of enteric “bud” fistulas in contaminated wounds. A riskless extraperitoneal method using split-thickness skin grafts. Arch Surg. 1992; 127: 1027-1030 Crossref PubMed Scopus (23) Google Scholar , 8 Chitale VR. Enterocutaneous fistulas treated successfully by a turnover flap from surrounding tissue reinforced by musculocutaneous flaps and other local flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1993; 91 ([letter]): 1171-1172 Google Scholar , 9 Lui RC Friedman R Fleischer A Management of postirradiation recurrent enterocutaneous fistula by muscle flaps. Am Surg. 1989; 55: 403-407 PubMed Google Scholar , 10 Joo JS Agachan F Wexner SD Laparoscopic surgery for lower gastrointestinal fistulas. Surg Endosc. 1997; 11: 116-118 Crossref PubMed Scopus (51) Google Scholar Colonoscopy was performed in 2 patients with a fecal fistula that had developed after surgery for perforated appendicitis, and multiple clips were applied to the internal opening of the fistula. In each case the flow through the fistula was markedly decreased shortly after the procedure and eventually stopped completely. To our knowledge, this is the first report of colonoscopic clip application for fecal fistula.

FIXED AND DYNAMIC URETHRAL COMPRESSION FOR THE TREATMENT OF POST-PROSTATECTOMY URINARY INCONTINENCE: IS HISTORY REPEATING ITSELF?

We reviewed the evolution of appliances and devices used for treating post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence. We used the MEDLINE to search the literature from 1966 to March 2000 and then manually searched bibliographies to identify studies that our initial search may have missed. The evolution of treatment for post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence may be traced back to the 18th century. Two main schools of thoughts simultaneously evolved. The first fixed urethral compression devices were constructed to enable urethral obstruction by fixed resistance. This outlet resistance allows voiding after intra-abdominal and intravesical pressure is elevated but it is sufficient to prevent leakage between urinations. The other school of thought preferred creation of dynamic urethral compression in which outlet resistance is not fixed but may be decreased when voiding is desired or elevated between urinations. Therapeutic fixed and dynamic urethral compression interventions may be further divided into external or internal compressive devices or procedures. External fixed compression devices may be traced back to antiquity. A penile clamp, similar to the later Cunningham clamp, and a truss designed to compress the urethra by external perineal compression were presented in the Heister textbook of surgery, Institutiones Chirurgicae, as early as 1750. Dynamic compressive devices applied externally were developed much later, such as the first artificial urinary sphincter, described by Foley, in 1947 and the Vincent apparatus, described in 1960. The modern era of fixed urethral compression began in 1961 with Berry. Acrylic prostheses impregnated with bismuth to allow radiographic visualization were produced in various shapes and sizes, and used to compress the urethra against the urogenital diaphragm. In 1968 the University of California-Los Angeles group under the direction of Kaufman began to use cavernous crural crossover to compress the bulbous urethra (Kaufman I). Later 2 other modifications were described, including approximation of the crura in the midline using a polytetrafluoroethylene mesh tape (Kaufman II) and an implantable silicone gel prosthesis (Kaufman III). With the advent of the artificial urinary sphincter pioneered by Scott in 1973 interest in passive urethral compression disappeared in favor of the implantation of an inflatable circumferential prosthetic sphincter. Recently there has been a trend back to passive urethral compression. Synthetic bolsters have been described that passively compress the bulbar urethra to achieve urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. Much creativity has been dedicated to solve the complex and challenging problem of post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence. Devices used for treating this condition may be grouped according to the mechanism of action and how they are applied. Passive urethral compression, long abandoned in favor of dynamic implantable sphincters, has reemerged. Further research in this field may determine which school of thought may provide the best solution for treating post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence.

Textbook of bunion surgery.

Textbook of bunion surgery.