School Textbooks Research Articles

Sexist textbooks: Automated analysis of gender bias in 1,255 books from 34 countries.

Textbooks play a critical role in schooling around the world. Small sample studies show that many books continue to under-represent women and girls, and to portray men and women in stereotypical gendered roles. In this paper, we use quantitative text analysis to assess the degree of gender bias in a newly assembled corpus of 1,255 English language school textbooks from 34 countries that are publicly available online. We find consistent patterns of under-representation of female characters and portrayal of stereotypical gendered roles. Women and girls appear less frequently, are portrayed as more passive, are less likely to be associated with work or achievement, and are more likely to be associated with the home and traditionally female occupations. Comparing across countries, female representation in books is correlated with higher GDP and more legal rights for women. Under-representation and stereotypes are a particular problem in South Asia.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MODAL VERBS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK

In this article, the use of modal verbs in Uzbek and English is analyzed on the basis of their presentation in school textbooks. Important aspects of modal verbs in two languages are compared and discussed with exercises and examples based on the texts given in the textbooks. Also, the influence of modal verbs on the meaning of the sentence and the specific characteristics of modal verbs are explained based on examples. Analysis, comparison, comparison, proof methods were used in the work.

Does Learning Behavior Moderate the Influence of Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence on Vocational Accounting Students?

Inadequate comprehension of accounting among students in class X who specialize in accounting at a vocational school in Medan is the primary concern of this investigation. The objective of this investigation is to ascertain the influence of emotional intelligence on the understanding of accounting. (2). The influence of spiritual intelligence on the understanding of accountancy. (3). The influence of spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence on the understanding of accountancy. (4). Is the relationship between emotional intelligence and accounting comprehension moderated by learning behavior? (5). Is the relationship between spiritual intelligence and accounting comprehension moderated by learning behavior? This investigation is retrospective. The population for this study consisted of all 140 students enrolled in the Vocational Accounting program in class X. The research included a sample of 140 students, and the sampling approach used was complete sampling. The information was gathered using research interviews and accounting exam queries. The research questionnaire underwent initial testing to assess its validity and reliability. However, the accounting comprehension test questions were not subjected to such testing as they were derived from a multiple-choice test found in a school textbook with a legitimate ISBN. Subsequently, the data underwent processing utilizing the SPSS version 25 software. The research findings indicated that Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence had a favorable and substantial impact on Accounting Understanding, with the influence being controlled by Learning Behaviour.

THE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN “ZARBULMASAL “AND AESOP’S FABLES

This thesis deals with similarities between the fables of two notable literal features Aesops and Gulkhaniy’s work. In order to explain the reality of people’s lifestyles, dramas, hope clearly, both utilized proverbs and characterized animals in place of real people. Although he avoided using exact names for his characters, readers can easily comprehend that the key points. The authors were one of whose work affected positevely to the good ubringing of future generation and profound part of textbooks in many secondary schools. Besides having individual personality, the characters of their fables interact feel and express a wide range of emotions like people.In this thesis. I will investigate the similarities between the Zarbulmasal’s fables and Aesops’s fables and provide readers with clearly explained descriptions about them. ‎

ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC-THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE EVALUATION OF EDUCATIONAL TASKS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHER KNOWLEDGE IN SPECIFIC SUBJECTS

In this article, a lot of work has been done on a national scale in the field of creating a new generation of textbooks for general secondary schools and educational-methodical complexes corresponding to it. Today, based on the requirements of the competency approach, it is required that the textbooks be compatible with the improved educational programs and express the democratic models that update the educational content and are directed to the student's personality. Because, inthe new models of the content of education, the social order set by the state and society for the educational process will be expressed. In the actual educational context of general secondary education, students' knowledge, skills, qualifications, competencies checked and evaluated mainly with the help of test tasks.

The Russian Language Textbook as a Multimodal Object

The school textbook has always been the most important tool for organizing the educational process. Many studies by Kazakhstani scholars have been devoted to the issue of the quality of Kazakhstani textbooks. However, most of the research primarily focuses on the verbal component of textbooks, while their visual design is often underestimated. This suggests that the school textbook is not considered a holistic multimodal object, each element of which (both verbal and non-verbal) is intended to contribute to developing students' multimodal literacy. Since the development of educational literature today is carried out not only by scholars but also by practicing educators, there is a need to study teachers' professional attitudes toward the multimodality of textbooks. The article employs a survey method to investigate teachers' evaluative perception of the visual design of Russian language textbooks for the 5th grade from the publishers “Mektep” and “AEO NIS”. The authors found out that teachers transfer their negative attitude towards the verbal component of the textbook to its non-verbal aspect, poorly understanding the didactic potential of the multimodality of the textbook, which hinders their successful work in shaping and developing students' multimodal literacy. In light of the insufficiently high ranking of Kazakhstani students in international studies such as PIRLS and PISA, the results obtained in the article acquire special relevance. Based on the conducted analysis, the authors propose recommendations for solving the identified problem.

Evaluating EFL textbooks for vocational high schools in Indonesia: A corpus-informed and lexile-based model

Even though textbooks play an integral role in EFL teaching and learning processes, evaluation of English textbooks for vocational high schools in the Indonesian context and their relevancy to the targeted proficiency was still rare. This study identified text difficulty levels and English vocabulary profiles of a set of digital English coursebooks for vocational high schools in Indonesia. It also analyzed how text difficulty levels and vocabulary profiles correspond with the targeted proficiency level of vocational high school graduates. A corpus-informed and Lexile-based model was employed as the design of this research. Lexile framework was employed to measure text difficulty, while corpus information was utilized to determine the vocabulary profiles of the selected textbooks. Three tools were used to analyze the data quantitatively, namely Lexile Text Analyzer® Professional, LancsBox, and English Vocabulary Profile in Text Inspector. This study found that the approximate text difficulty of reading passages in the coursebooks for grades 10 and 12 is slightly higher than the expected language proficiency level for vocational high school graduates. On the other hand, the approximate text difficulty of reading passages in the coursebook for grade 11 is slightly lower. However, in terms of vocabulary profiles, the three books emphasize the target vocabulary at the expected level (B1), as suggested by the Directorate of Vocational High School Development. In addition to those findings, it is important that teachers consider other factors outside the scope of this research, such as learners’ proficiency levels and interests or other qualitative data about the books, to determine whether the coursebooks are appropriate for their classes.

1916년 출판 재봉교과서 『朝鮮服裁縫の栞』 연구

This study aims to analyze the 1916 sewing textbook 『Joseon clothing sewing guide (朝鮮服裁縫の栞)』 to explore the early history of Hanbok education and research in Korean schools. It involves reviewing the sewing education content from the time of its publication, detailing bibliographic information, and comparing the table of contents with similar books from that era. The findings reveal that, until the 1910s, schools had a “Sewing” subject specifically for girls, teaching general clothing construction, including cutting and sewing techniques. This book, published on August 15, 1916 as the 11th issue of the Joseon Education Research Society magazine, was prepared by the Gyeongseong Girls' Middle School’s teachers. It reflects collaborative research by Japanese and Korean instructors on Hanbok sewing. It includes on 10 Hanbok items, such as men's and women's jeogori(jacket), men's baji(pants), chima(skirt), duru-magi(coat), dan-sok-got(women’s drawers), women's baji(pants), magoja(over-jacket), pungchabaji, and tosu(arm warmers), with specifications for measurements, cutting, and sewing methods. Compared to earlier works like 『Buinpilji』 (1908), this book omits certain garments like haengjeon but introduces others like children's pungchabaji and magoja. In 『New compilation of sewing reference』 (1925) and 『Complete book of Joseon sewing』(1925), additional garments such as jeoksam and vests were included. Furthermore, 『New compilation of sewing reference』 also incorporated skirt waistbands. In conclusion, although this book is written in Japanese, it was used as a textbook in schools at the time and holds significance as the first modern sewing book. Its content and structure served as a foundation for latter sewing textbooks.

КАРАКАЛПАКСКО-ТАТАРСКИЕ ПЕРЕВОДЫ – КУЛЬТУРНЫЕ СВЯЗИ ДВУХ НАРОДОВ

This article examines the cultural and literary ties between the two Turkic peoples – the Karakalpak and Tatar languages. The translation of the work from one language to another is analyzed. The role and contribution of translations of scientists and poets is noted. The famous Karakalpak national poet I. Yusupov translated the poems of the Tatar poet G. Tukai from Tatar into Karakalpak. The article notes the great work of I. Yusupov on the translation and preparation of a collection of poems by G. Tukai and other poets of the Tatar people. At the same time, Professor of Kazan Federal University H. Minnegulov, in his articles about I. Yusupov and other Karakalpak scientists, notes their merits in spreading the work of G. Tukai among other Turkic languages. And he included these articles in the encyclopedia of G. Tukai. The article also focuses on the work of poet and educator S. Majitov, a Tatar by nationality, who lived in Karakalpakstan and participated in the creation of textbooks on the Karakalpak language. In the 20s of the twentieth century, he created the first textbooks for Karakalpak schools, engaged in education, worked and directed a school in the Kungrad district. He is also a poet, writer and playwright. He wrote his works in the Karakalpak language. He actively participated in the creation of the Karakalpak alphabet and orthography. The article notes the merits of Tatar and Karakalpak scientists and poets who put a bridge on international relations and cooperation in the field of philology.

평면도형의 이동에서 모양과 방향의 변화에 대한 학생의 이해

This study analyzes how the shape and direction of figures are addressed in relation to transformations (translation, reflection, and rotation) in elementary school textbooks from the 7th curriculum to the 2015 revised curriculum, and investigates 5th-grade students' understanding of shape and direction through a test. The results revealed that students interpreted the meaning of shape inconsistently, varying their understanding based on the given context. In tasks requiring students to identify whether the shape or direction of a figure remained unchanged after reflection or rotation, their responses were influenced by the symmetry of each figure. Based on these results, this study discusses the issues inherent in the linguistic expressions and activities related to shape and direction in the textbooks. The conclusion suggests that, for 3rd and 4th graders, the focus should be on observing various combinations of translation, reflection, and rotation, and engaging in art-related activities or interesting problem-solving tasks. Activities that involve identifying whether shapes are the same should be more thoroughly addressed in the 5th and 6th grades, alongside the concept of congruence.

The Representation of Peace Values in Indonesian Primary School Textbooks: Marrying of Ecovisual Judgment Theory with Environmental Literacy

This qualitative research, employing content analysis, aims to achieve two objectives: (1) to examine self-values, which encompass the categories of literacy and environmental assessment, and (2) to explore social peace values, which include the categories of content and environmental literacy assessment. The research data consist of images accompanied by textual elements sourced from Indonesian language textbooks used in grades 5 and 6 of primary schools. These textbooks are published by the Center for Curriculum, Research, and Book Development, which operates directly under the Ministry of Education and Culture, Republic of Indonesia in support of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The findings of the research reveal that (1) the values of oneself include acceptance of conditions, wisdom, adherence to rules, patience, consistency, cleanliness, hard work, creativity, enthusiasm, and hard work. Meanwhile, (2) the values of social peace consist of cooperation, care for the environment and other living beings, togetherness, and respect for others' rights. These two categories are spread across texts of types environmental behavior, knowledge, affect, and cognitive, which are included in the categories of social esteem and sanction. Overall, the findings of this research indicate that the discursive practices within the textbooks aim to shape individuals who are independent and cooperative, with an emphasis on inclusivity, appreciation of diversity, and mutual intercultural respect in fostering environmental peace. The analytical framework developed in this study represents a novel contribution to environmental discourse analysis and can be utilized by future researchers, both locally and globally, to study textbooks. Future research could focus on a lexico-grammatical analysis of engagement and graduation elements, with the aim of deepening understanding and enhancing the delivery of sustainability solutions.

ANALISIS KONTEN HOTS DALAM BUKU SIMPAY BASA SUNDA KELAS VIII

The goal of 21st century learning is that students are expected to have higher order thinking skills. But in fact, students' high-level thinking skills in Indonesia are still worrying. Based on that, this study aims to understand aspects of higher order thinking and describe its application in the content contained in textbooks in schools. In analyzing and describing content that has high-level thinking content, (1) cognitive level, (2) stimulus elements, and (3) contextual elements will be analyzed. This research method uses descriptive analytic method with a qualitative approach. The techniques used in this research are documents and notes. The text book used in this study is the Simpay Basa Sunda book at the VIII grade junior high school level. The results of this study contained 413 data whose details were (1) various cognitive levels in the book there were 72.39% at level 1 (knowledge and understanding), 9.68% at level 2 (application), and 17.91% at level 3 (reasoning). (2) the stimulus elements in this book are dominated by verbal stimuli totaling 323 stimuli, then visual stimuli totaling 1 stimulus. (3) there are 114 contextual elements in this book with a percentage of 28%. It can be concluded that this book can support the development of higher-order thinking skills, and can also support the ongoing 21st century learning process. However, it must be noted that this can be developed further by increasing the content containing HOTS.

Exploring Effective Teaching Strategies for Classical Chinese in Unified Primary School Textbooks

With an increased presence of classical Chinese in primary school textbooks, educators are tasked with refining their teaching approaches. This paper outlines the author s strategy, which involves setting clear objectives, leveraging textbook resources, and emphasizing the transfer of teaching methods to ignite students thinking and foster an appreciation for the wisdom embedded in classical texts, thereby enhancing their reading comprehension skills.

Bibliometric Analysis of Character Education in Senior High School Indonesian Textbooks Based on the Merdeka Curriculum

This study aims to understand the publication trend and research contribution related to character education in Indonesian high school textbooks based on the Merdeka Curriculum from 2015 to 2024. Character education is crucial for student development, and textbooks play a central role. Using bibliometric analysis, the study identified 428 publications from Google Scholar and Scopus, including journal articles, proceedings, reviews, and books. Journal articles dominated with 363 publications, followed by 30 proceedings, 32 books, and three reviews. The study focused on the number of publications and the issues underlying the keyword emergence. While 2023 had the highest number of publications (75), 2018 saw the highest citations (890) and h-index (14), indicating significant influence. The highly cited study "Strategy and Implementation of Character Education in Senior High Schools and Vocational High Schools" had 135 citations. Keyword analysis using VOSviewer revealed that "Indonesian textbook" was the most popular topic, particularly concerning gender representation and basic education. Despite increased productivity, recent publications need higher impact, achievable through improved research quality, appropriate journal selection, online dissemination, collaboration, and scientific community engagement. The focus on gender representation and basic education should be sharpened for inclusive teaching materials and to instill positive values early in Indonesian education. This study provides valuable insights and direction for future research and practice in character education within the Independent Curriculum framework.

THE MAIN TENDENCIES OF THE MODERN GEORGIAN CHILDREN’S POEMS

The issue of children's literature, particularly children's poetry, presents certain challenges in the 21st century. This genre was significantly impacted by the Soviet economic pressures that persisted throughout the 70 years prior to the restoration of Georgia's independence. With the transition to a free Georgia, it became necessary to explore new themes, forms, and expressive techniques to cultivate the literary knowledge and taste of the future generation. This issue, which affected literature for adults, also had a profound impact on children's literature, including children's poetry. The growing influence of globalization further highlighted the need for the creation of educational and supplementary materials for preschool and school-aged children. In this context, the work of Mariam Tsiklauri, a contemporary children's writer born in 1960, stands out. As the author of over 30 printed books, 12 electronic books, and the founder of the "Children's Literature Development Fund" in 2011, Tsiklauri has made significant contributions to the field. Her children's poems have been included in numerous school textbooks. Therefore, her poetry not only reflects the traditions of the previous century but also introduces innovative elements, providing a representative glimpse into the evolution of Georgian children's poetry in the 21st century—an exploration that is the primary focus of this scientific study.

Comparative analysis of Russian language textbooks for primary school using quantitative methods

Despite the intense scientific and practical interest in assessing the textual content quality of a school textbook, there is still no transparent algorithm and objective criteria for such evaluation. This article aims to outline objective linguistic criteria for textbook text assessment using quantitative methods on the example of one of the main components of a Russian language textbook, i. e. exercise texts. The analysis was performed on the material of 8 lines of modern Russian language textbooks for primary school and 1 line of the digital educational service Yandex Textbook. The research employed the methods of automatic natural language processing, statistics, and corpus analysis of texts. As a result, we propose an algorithm for analysing the text library of a Russian language textbook according to the criteria of structural and lexical complexity, genre, stylistic and thematic diversity, and the degree of correspondence between the text library and the current state of the Russian language. The obtained results form an idea of the textual content of a modern Russian language textbook for primary school. Moreover, they highlight the specific features of text selection for modern traditional and digital Russian language textbooks and resources. Finally, the research outcomes raise questions concerning the methodological optimality of certain authorial decisions when compiling the text library of a textbook. The results of the study will be useful to authors of school textbooks on the Russian language and specialists in educational and methodological work.

View the History of Foreign Texts in Chinese High School Textbooks from the Perspective of Language and Identity Recognition

This article aims to explore the historical development and complex context behind foreign texts in Chinese high school textbooks from the perspective of language and identity. By sorting out the selection process of these foreign texts in textbooks, we can reveal the profound influence of national cultural policies, changes in international relations, and the evolution of social ideology on the content of textbooks. This selection not only reflects the response of the Chinese education sector to globalization and the adjustment of cultural strategies, but also highlights how countries shape the cultural identity of young people through their education systems at different historical stages.

The International Red Cross in contemporary Polish history textbooks: An overview

The main aim of the article is to present how the issues pertaining to the creation and activities of the International Red Cross and the figure of its originator and founder, Henry Dunant, are presented in Polish history textbooks. History lessons at school are a suitable platform to introduce issues related to the concept of humanitarianism. Lessons that mention the establishment and operations of the International Red Cross and its national branches make a valuable contribution to raising awareness of humanitarianism and human rights. It is worth looking at how these issues are treated in school textbooks, which are one of the main sources of students' knowledge of history. Primary and secondary school textbooks currently available on the publishing market and used by active teachers were analysed. Textual content and iconography were analysed, as well as the tasks proposed for classroom use. In order to answer the research questions, a critical textual analysis of the content of twenty-one textbooks was carried out. Textbooks published between 2017 and 2023, which are on the official list of textbooks approved for use in schools, were the subject of analysis. The article also reveals the presence of the Polish Red Cross on the pages of these textbooks.

Depiction Of Moral Values In Indonesian English Junior High School Textbooks

Most language textbooks are analyzed by emphasizing cultural/multicultural content, gender stereotypes/representation, neoliberalism, and pedagogical representation. The role of language textbooks on moral and cultural values at various levels has been examined. However, moral values at the junior high school level are scarce. This study examined the moral values in junior high school English textbooks entitled “English for Nusantara” for grades 7 and 8 published by the Indonesian Education Standard, Curriculum, and Assessment Agency of the Ministry of Education Culture, Research and Higher Education within the independent curriculum. This research used a qualitative content analysis research design. This study adopted the Moral Foundations Theory Framework (MTF) Graham presented a set of moral principles such as care/harm, fairness/cheating, loyalty/betrayal, authority/subversion, and sanctity/degradation. The result showed that both the textbooks for grades 7 and 8 were similar representing more dominant moral values than bad values, with percentages of 95% and 59%, respectively. The other finding suggested that the textbooks did not integrate authority, loyalty, and fairness. The study implies incorporating stories that highlight moral values should be required to internalize ethical values and encourage students to do good things.

“We are the same, we are equal”: Plant diversity knowledge in Indonesian elementary special school textbooks

“We are the same, we are equal”: Plant diversity knowledge in Indonesian elementary special school textbooks