Text Transfer Research Articles

Intelligent digital twin for federated learning in AIoT networks

Federated Learning (FL) promises to solve the data privacy problem by training the local model on each node and sharing the model parameters instead of the data itself. Next, the FL server applies model aggregation techniques to aggregate the received models and broadcast the resulting model to the connected clients. This study proposes a Digital Twin-based Federated Learning (DT-FL) framework to virtually monitor and controls the remotely deployed physical clients and their training process. The connection-oriented protocol, Open Connectivity Foundation (OCF) Iotivity, connects the FL clients with the FL server to ensure packet delivery. OCF Iotivity sends/receives the models’ weights to/from the server, and Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is used to monitor clients’ local training. After receiving partially trained models from clients, the server performs the optimal model selection using the normal distribution method by considering the performance of the model. Finally, the best-selected models are aggregated, and the final model is broadcasted to the clients. The framework utilizes Raspberrypi 4 devices as clients with limited computational capabilities, due to which the experiments are conducted with structured energy consumption data. The dataset comprises of 8 multistory residential buildings located in different geographical locations of the Republic of Korea. Each residential building is treated as an FL client and registered on DT using the IP address and port number. The DT-FL framework can be used with classification and regression datasets, and the model architecture for that data can be designed on the DT platform. The experiments are conducted with the partial and full participation of clients. The results show the minimum delay time in physical and virtual object synchronization and better performance and generalization of the global model for each client. The source code of the proposed DT-FL framework is available on GitHub.

Turkish abstractive text document summarization using text to text transfer transformer

Text summarization is the process of reducing text size while preserving its key points. Thanks to this process, the reading time of the text is also reduced which contributes to reaching the desired information quickly, especially in today's world where time is much more important. In addition, summarization can be used to create a solution to extract outstanding information from the text. In this study, we focus on abstract summarization, which can draw more human like conclusions from the text. A summarization study was carried out on the data set that was collected from online Turkish news sources. Rouge and Bert-score performance metrics were used to compare the performance of this study using the text to text transfer transformer (T5) method. The precision values ​​of the Rouge-1, Rouge-2, Rouge-L and Bert-score performance metrics obtained in this study were found to be 0.6913, 0.6623, 0.7528 and 0.8718, respectively. Recall values ​​were 0.9210, 0.8917, 0.9183 and 0.9138, respectively. F measure values ​​were 0.7649, 0.7338, 0.8084 and 0.8913 respectively. Considering the success of the results obtained in the study, a method that can obtain successful results for Turkish text summarization is presented and the original dataset is made available to other researchers.

Transfer and Religion: Interactions between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam from the Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century. Edited by Alexander A. Dubrau, Davide Scotto, and Ruggero Vimercati Sanseverino

In recent decades, the study of the entangled relations between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam has increasingly become one of the main points on the agenda of historians and scholars of religion. Seeking to understand the social, religious, and cultural encounters among the members of these Abrahamic religions, scholars have looked at various historical contexts as they have constantly revised their perspectives by using new tools and methodologies in their investigations. Considering the recent efforts and results that discuss how debates on entangled cultural history reflect in the refashioning of religious studies and its related fields, the editors of this volume make a good case for approaching the religious contacts between Jews, Christians, and Muslims through the lenses of “religious transfer,” a process that entails “the transfer of knowledge, ideas, objects, texts and customs of religious character, which affect religious life on an individual or community level” (3). In their quest of defining the phenomenon, the editors argue that religious transfer takes place in a “space of interaction between faiths leading either to the building of bridges or to the exacerbation of contrasts” between them (3–4). Divided into two parts, the volume includes thirteen chapters in English, French, and German, arranged along chronological lines, which investigate multiple contexts of interaction from the medieval to modern times.

All That Is Solid Turns into Sand: Woman in the Dunes across Page and Screen

This paper attempts a close study of Abe Kobo’s novel Woman in the Dunes and its screen adaptation (dir. Teshigahara Hiroshi 1964). Engaging adaptation studies, media studies, and sound studies, this paper moves from the conventional focus on the linear transfer of text from a source to a result, to examine adaptation as a multilevel, multisensory, and multidirectional process of remediation. By mediating documentary cinema and avant-garde tradition, the filmic adaptation, as the paper argues, not only provokes and enhances its literary original, but also illuminates existentialist concerns that gained critical currency in the 1960s. The paper moves on to analyze Takemitsu Toru’s score in relation to Teshigahara’s surrealist imagery; in doing so, it elucidates the way the film gives the sand a form of human agency alluded to yet not fully realized in Abe’s novel. Scrutiny of Abe and Takemitsu’s early years in Japan-occupied Manchuria further connects Abe’s work to the issue of postcolonial identity while opening Woman in the Dunes to more interpretative possibilities as an I-Novel. Through mediating collective history and personal memory, adaptation opens a dialogic intersubjective horizon where questions of identity and affect intersect in the post-war media environment.

RTSP and HTTP Protocol Analysis for Streaming Services on Manet Networks in State Polytechnic of Malang

To facilitate learning with video streaming, a transport protocol that can send video is needed, such as HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) or RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol). Both protocols have their respective advantages and disadvantages when sent over a MANET network. One of them is that the throughput on RTSP is greater but the use of memory is more, this is inversely proportional to the RTSP protocol. In this study, the delay value in scheme 1 HTTP and RTSP protocols has an average delay of 23.225 seconds and 19.075 seconds. The throughput has an average value of 699.165 kbps and 802.656 kbps. Packet loss has an average value of 0.428% and 17.9%. For the use of transmit power nodes have an average of -33 dBm and -31.25 dBm. Memory usage has an average value of 108.46 Mb and 149.6 Mb.While in scheme 2 the delay values for HTTP and RTSP protocols are 28 seconds and 26.1 seconds on average. Throughput 1186,803 kbps and 1316,076 kbps. Packet loss has an average value of 0.0325% and 18.69%. On the use of transmit power nodes have an average of -34 dBm and -32 dBm. Memory usage has an average value of 107.525 Mb and 154.275 Mb.

Transferring knowledge to/from the market – still building the polysystem? The translation of Australian fiction in Romania

AbstractThePolysystem Hypothesis, bringing together language, literature, culture and society, has hallmarked Translation Studies, while heralding the cultural turn, subsequently attributed to the study of Bassnett and Lefevere. Without a shadow of doubt, this conceptual and methodological framework continues to spark interdisciplinary research interests, allowing for recasts. In this context, the current article sets out to investigate the translation of Australian writers in Romania, from a diachronic and synchronic perspective alike. The main aims are related to featuring quantitative aspects – number of translated authors, number of translated works, etc., and qualitative dimensions – translation policies, the role of translators in the interlinguistic and intercultural transfer of texts, other controlling factors. Furthermore, the affordability, portability and ownership of literary translation underlie shifting patterns of translation knowledge creation and transfer and of translation effective practice.

The Influence of Digital Transformation on Intelligent Design of Architecture

With the continuous progress of China’s social economy and the subsequent improvement of science and technology, intelligent architectural design has been gradually developed. At the present stage, the design of intelligent system in architecture has become a systematic design project, which is widely used in the field of architecture. The rapid development of artificial intelligence has not only brought new opportunities but also new challenges to the field of architectural design. On the one hand, digital architecture can share some of the functions of traditional architecture in its advantageous application areas, but inevitably new building function requirements and building design types will be formed. On the other hand, the depiction of building plans, elevations, and renderings, daylight adjustment, and volume calculation, as well as the transfer of text and graphic files via the Internet, are all closely related to digital architecture, regardless of which application software is used. In the current digital era, where real and virtual environments will coexist, digital transformation also has a lasting impact on intelligent building design, drawing out a new development model.

Deep-Learning Based Injection Attacks Detection Method for HTTP

In the context of the new era of high digitization and informatization, the emergence of the internet and artificial intelligence technologies has profoundly changed people’s lifestyles. The traditional cyber attack detection has become increasingly weak in the context of the increasingly complex network environment in the new era, and deep learning technology has begun to play a significant role in the field of network security. There are many kinds of attacks against web applications, which are very harmful, including SQL (Structured Query Language) injection, XSS (Cross-Site Scripting), and command injection. Based on the detection of SQL injection and XSS attacks, this paper combines the detection of command injection attacks, which are also very harmful, and proposes a multi-classification detection method for web injection attacks. We extract features in the URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and request body of HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) requests and combine deep learning technology to build a multi-classification model for injection attacks. Firstly, aiming at the problem of imbalanced distribution of training samples and low detection accuracy of command injection attack, a sample generation method is proposed. The experimental results show that the proposed method ensures a higher detection rate of command injection attacks and lower false alarms. Secondly, we propose a more expressive feature fusion model, which effectively combines the features extracted by deep learning with the discrete features extracted manually. The experimental results show that the feature fusion model proposed in this work is more effective compared with a single deep learning model. The accuracy of the model is improved by about 1%.

Analytical Review of Methods for Solving Data Scarcity Issues Regarding Elaboration of Automatic Speech Recognition Systems for Low-Resource Languages

In this paper, principal methods for solving training data issues for the so-called low-resource languages are discussed, regarding elaboration of automatic speech recognition systems. The notion of low-resource languages is studied and a working definition is coined on the basis of a number of papers on this topic. The main difficulties associated with the application of classical approaches to automatic speech recognition to the material of low-resource languages are determined, and the principal methods used to solve these problems are outlined. The paper discusses the methods for data augmentation, transfer learning and collection of new language data in detail. Depending on specific tasks, methods for audio material and text data augmentation, transfer learning and multi-task learning are distinguished. In Section 4 of the paper the current information support methods, databases and the basic principles of their architecture are discussed with regard to low-resource languages. Conclusions are drawn about the justification of augmentation and knowledge transfer methods for languages with low information support. In the case of unavailability of language data or structurally similar parent models, the preferred option is to collect a new database, including the crowdsourcing technique. Multilanguage learning models are effective for small datasets. If big language data are available, the most efficient method is transfer learning within a language pair. The conclusions made in the course of this this review will be applied to the data of the low-resource Karelian language, for which an automatic speech recognition system has been being created by the authors of this paper since the beginning of the year 2022.

Contagious Otherness: Translating Communicable Diseases in the Modern Italian and Francophone Novel

The words ‘contagion’ (‘to touch together') and ‘translation’ (‘to carry across’) share a common course of action and meaning, i.e. that of breaking what ‘should be joined or joining [what] should be separate’ (Douglas, 1966: 113). Continuous yet imperceptible, ideas of risk, corruption and error have been attached as much to the transfer of texts, beliefs and theories as to the spread of diseases. Our immune system fights against outsiders, just like national cultures can shield themselves from the foreign. Yet, if we have come to accept that contagion can be understood as a ‘foundational concept in the study of [literature], of religion and of society’ (Wald, 2008: 2), translation’s epidemiological dimensions have remained relatively unexplored. What do the art of translation and epidemiological science have in common, and how can they inform one another? Why is contagion culturally valuable, but physiologically destructive? How can translation theory contribute to an innovative biocultural epistemology of contagion? This essay aims to address these questions by shedding light on the implicit, yet understudied, translation-contagion link. It offers the first comparative analysis of its kind, covering three centuries (19th century-present), two languages (Italian and French), and four contagious diseases (plague, smallpox, Ebola and AIDS). It provides an interdisciplinary model that allows us to approach the study of literature and epidemiology in a synergetic, non-exclusive way, based on the double mobilisation, or ‘entanglement’ (Whitehead et al., 2016), of literary and medical knowledge.

Generic Fluency in Fansubbing

This study analyses the genre-specific features in the non-professional subtitling (fansubbing) of audiovisual science fiction (SF). Considered as one of the most important linguistic elements in SF, neologies create the cognitive estrangement from reality that is characteristic of the SF genre, cognitively estranging the reader from reality. Evaluating the translation of neologies is thus used as a tool to evaluate the transfer of the source text (ST) genre to the target text (TT). When the neologies are retained as genre-specific features of SF, the TT genre is regarded as generically fluent and the ST genre is accessible for the TT viewer. The study material reveals that the non-professional translations have retained the neologies with greater percentage than the professional translations of the same TV series translations resulting in a more fluent SF genre. This can be due to the tendency of fansubs to use foreignizing translation strategies. The material of the study consists of the neologies in non-professional and professional subtitles of contemporary Anglo-American SF series, which were analysed to determine whether they retain or recreate the SF generic fluency.

Secure Text Transfer Using Doubly Encrypted Chat Application Based on Cloud

One of the most important ways to preserve information security is to use cryptographic techniques. It provides digital signature, authentication, secret sub-storage, system security, and other capabilities in addition to keeping the information confidential. As a result, the encryption and decryption solution can secure information secrecy, as well as information integrity and certainty, to avoid tampering, forgery, and counterfeiting. The security of encryption and decryption algorithms is determined by the algorithm's internal structure and mathematical rigour, as well as the key secrecy. The key in the encryption algorithm plays a crucial role; if the key is released, anybody may use the encryption system to encrypt and decrypt data, rendering the encryption process ineffective. As a result, the encryption and decryption solution can secure information secrecy, as well as information integrity and certainty, to avoid tampering, forgery, and counterfeiting. The security of encryption and decryption algorithms is determined by the algorithm's internal structure and mathematical rigour, as well as the key secrecy. The key in an encryption algorithm plays a critical role; if the key is released, anybody may use the encryption system to encrypt and decrypt data, rendering the encryption technique ineffective. As a result, throughout the encryption and decryption process, the type of data you pick to be a key, how you disseminate the private key, and how you preserve both data transmission keys are all critical considerations.

Information Transfer Technique to Improve Beginner Level Students’ Listening Skill and Classroom Participation

The lack of English vocabulary makes listening the most challenging skill for most of EFL students. Some techniques have been applied to help students overcome their difficulties in learning English. This research aimed at improving non-English department students’ listening skill and engagement by using information transfer technique. The design used was classroom action research that consisted of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The data were taken from the pre-test and post-test results. The instruments used were listening task, observation, and questionnaire. The findings showed that by using transformation transfer of reading text, the EFL students got much better listening comprehension and were more involved in their classroom activities. Thus, more techniques to improve students’ language skill should be implemented.

Double taxation for translators: the 21-RFI form as a case of complex translation

This article looks at the issue of double taxation in order to approach translationfrom two angles: a practical analysis, from the perspective of translation agents, of a particularly opaque document required by the tax authorities of Portugal (the 21-RFI double taxation form), and a reflective examination of the complex translational procedures (in the broader sense) required to make the form intelligible to those agents that require it. The first approach considers the legal and practical difficulties faced by non-Portuguese translators working for Portuguese clients. The second approach helps to expand the traditional linguistic conceptualization of translation as a transfer of texts between two languages to include intralingual, inter-epistemic and even human-machine translation. The final part of the article connects these two approaches, demonstrating how complexity theory offers a productive perspective on translation. The article thus demonstrates how even seemingly mundane documents such as a tax form can provide valuable insights into the complexity of translation and the interactions between human (and non-human) translation agents.

MARSHAK EDITOR OF GIANNI RODARI’S CIPOLLINO’S ADVENTURES. SOME PRELIMINARY ARCHIVE-BASED OBSERVATIONS

Samuil Marshak’s brief account “Why Did I Translate Gianni Rodari’s poems” [Marshak 1971] provides an interesting “inside look” at his translation practice in relation to the poems of the Italian children’s poet. Nevertheless, the information it contains is far from exhaustive on the subject of “Marshak translator of Gianni Rodari”. Moreover, Marshak was also the editor of other translations of the Italian writer’s works, namely The Adventures of Cipollino by Zlata Potapova. When analysing Potapova’s translation and Marshak’s suggested changes—included in a typewritten copy kept in Marshak’s archive — one can easily observe a number of translation strategies that underline not only Samuel Yakovlevich’s close attention to the transfer of the verbal text and whole cultural system from Italian into Russian, but also his freedom to shift the emotional and logic accent of the text according to his own belief about what makes children’s literature great. Such preliminary observations aim at providing a starting point to identify his approach to editing and translation of children’s literature.

A Comparison of Various IoT Application Layer Protocol

Data communication over the internet is highly swayed by protocols. So, the protocols have a very crucial role in data communication. Similarly, for the Internet of things (IoT) enabled devices the protocols have also an important role. In the Application-layer of IoT-enabled devices, the protocols have a significant role in the transfer of data from server to IoT devices and vice versa. There are different protocols are there, some are taken from web based internet protocols like Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), etc. And some are exclusively developed for IoT devices like Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT), Constraint Application Protocol (CoAP), etc. IoT-enabled devices need a lightweight, secure and fast protocols for the transfer of data. When IoT enabled devices are developed there are limited number of protocols developed for communication of IoT devices. Various protocols are developed to fulfil the need of users but they have some advantages as well as disadvantages. In this paper, analysis of the performance and comparision of these protocols through different scenarios are given.

Session Management for Security Systems in 5G Standalone Network

As 5G telecom services evolve rapidly across a broad technological environment, network security in 5G landscape emerges as a critically challenging issue. One of typical network security tools is an intrusion prevention system (IPS) that monitors a network for malicious activity across the cyber-attack chain and takes action to prevent it. Vulnerabilities in 5G core networks become more varied and protocols become increasingly complex, whereby conventional Next Generation Firewall (NGFW) is not enough anymore to respond to cyber attacks. As a typical 5G vulnerability attack, PFCP-in-GTP and IPSec disable attack are highly complex to detect and cannot identify attackers without integrated session management. However, the 5G core network uses various protocols such as Non-Access Stratum (NAS), Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Packet Forwarding Control Protocol (PFCP), and GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP), and packets of the interface used by each protocol are managed as identities that are difficult to identify. Analyzing the relationship of these interfaces in real time is an important key to integrated session management. In addition, unlike existing 4G, as 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specs mandate encrypting 5G Standalone (SA) user IDs, it is much more difficult to identify from which user traffic has occurred in IPSs exclusive for cellular network. With regard to the above subject, this paper introduces an efficient session management scheme for users not affordable in conventional NFGW but necessarily useful for security systems in 5G SA. Furthermore, this study compared performances between conventional NGFWs and a 5G IPS system with the scheme employed, to ascertain that the scheme is feasibly implementable in 5G SA network. The actual test results show a detection rate of 99.7% and reasonable resource overhead (Memory usage 37.8%, CPU usage 42–44%).

Механизмы циклообразования в эпическом тексте (на материале героического эпоса)

This paper focuses on studying the principle of epic cycle formation used to create large-scale cyclical structures through the accumulation of contextually conditioned works. The principal method of analysis is comparative-typological, and the object of study is the multi-ethnic epic. The variants of multi-part works from the world culture, the epic tradition of the Turkic-speaking ethnic groups, and the collections of Nart legends of the North Caucasian peoples are given as characteristic examples. The author outlines the prerequisites for the formation of a multi-level epic narrative and justifies epic features in folklore texts. A significant vector of research is identifying the structural specific features of the heroic epic and determining the intertextual relations to illustrate the mechanisms of cycle formation in pre-literary samples. The analysis of the poetics of the North Caucasian Nart epic confirms that the texts forming its integrity thematically go back to the original source, continuing the previously outlined narrative line. The study concludes the ethnolinguistic versions of the “Nartiada” to be the result of improvised adaptations through the oral form of text transfer. Such complexly organized cyclical structures guaranteed the preservation of the oral-poetic heritage of the ethnos, synthesizing a colossal amount of information. This integrity encompasses a flexible scheme of epic unfolding, allowing the source material to be altered by additional micro-inclusions. The richness of the Karachays’ and Balkars’ heroic epic testifies to the evolution of the epic thinking of the people, outlining the prospects for the development of cycle formation in the literary genres.

Generic Fluency in Professional Subtitling:

This article evaluates the translation of neologies in professional subtitling of audiovisual science fiction from the point of view of genre-specific features. Neologies are seen to be the most important linguistic element of science fiction as they produce the science fiction genre-specific cognitive estrangement and hence cognitively estrange the viewer from reality. Evaluating the translation of neologies is thus used as a tool to evaluate the transfer of the source text genre to the target text and to hypothesise whether the target text meets the expectations of the viewers. When the neologies are retained as genre-specific features of science fiction, the target text genre is seen to be generically fluent and the target text meets the viewer’s expectations. Even though the translation solutions which render the genre unfluent (misplace the science fiction cognitive estrangement produced by the source text) are in minority in the study material, the neologies can be seen to normalise towards common language in the translation process. This means that as neologies are considered as one of the producers of the science fiction genre-specific cognitive estrangement, the source text genre becomes less accessible for the target text viewer. Lay summary Science fiction is one of the most popular contemporary film and tv-series genres. The audience has expectations on the content of a science fiction film or tv-series based on their previous experiences with the genre, in other words, the genre-specific features. This article evaluates the translation of neologies in professional subtitling of audiovisual science fiction from the point of view of these genre-specific features. Neologies are seen to be the voice of science fiction as they cognitively estrange the viewer from reality. Evaluating the translation of neologies is used as a tool to evaluate the transfer of the source text (the original tv-series) genre to the target text (the subtitled tv-series) and to hypothesise whether the translation meets the expectations of the viewers. When the dialogue’s neologies are retained in the subtitles, the target text is seen to meet the viewer’s expectations. The study revealed that the neologies can be seen to normalise towards common language in the translation process. This means that as neologies are considered as one of the producers of the science fiction genre-specific cognitive estrangement, the source text genre becomes less accessible for the target text viewer.

«Часть речи» / “A Part of Speech” И. Бродского: двуязычие как творческий метод в поэзии

This article is an attempt of textological conceptualization of an interlingual transfer (doubling) of a literary text. This transfer, in case it has been done by the author him/herself, is traditionally called self-translation, yet it can also by qualified as an adaptation of the “old” text to the perceptive abilities of the “new” recipient, i.e. a collective reader representing a different national and cultural medium and bearing its values as a prevalent aesthetic waymark. Special importance in the above process is attached to such a significant feature of any literary text of high quality as its elasticity. The textological approach to the scientific understanding of the differentlanguage text binary is often complemented by the bilinguological categorization of the subject, i.e. a text of poetry and, at the same time, a poetic cycle. From this standpoint, the mode of primary/secondary character of the two interconnected texts might lose its substantial preciseness. Further on, the article scrutinizes a landmark (for the Russian culture) literary text and its self-translation: the poetic cycle “A Part of Speech” by Joseph Brodsky. Four conceptual dominants of the cycle, with regard to their axiological hierarchy, are distinguished: 1) space/distance – location – oblivion; 2) time (epoch) – history – event – oblivion; 3) love – breakup – oblivion; 4) speech – art – extension – immortality. Further, a comparative analysis of their different-language verbalization is carried out. It is stated that Brodsky’s creation of this bilingual cycle reflects his striving for a cultural adaptation of each version to the background knowledge, historical experience, principles, traditions, aesthetic attitudes and, generally, sentiments of different groups of readers. In some cases this is done by means of the national language only, in other cases by the general complication of the poems’ figurative fabric.