Thematic Text Research Articles

Public attention, perception, and attitude towards nuclear power in China: A large-scale empirical analysis based on social media

This study aims to explore the public's attention, perception and attitude towards nuclear power expressed on social media platforms. Specifically, the status of public perception, information communication and geospatial distribution of public attention to nuclear power are investigated. More than 450,000 posts collected from Sina Weibo from January 2015 to December 2019 are analysed by integrated social network analysis, keyword and text theme analysis and sentiment analysis. Estimation results reveal several important findings. Firstly, nuclear power has received growing attention from the Chinese public on social media platforms since 2015. The dynamic changes in public attention are closely related to the dissemination of news events and online short videos. Secondly, some individual bloggers and media users strongly influence nuclear power-related information communication. In particular, several science bloggers have played a central role in the communication network, contrasting with NGOs and private associations. Thirdly, from a geospatial perspective, public attention on nuclear power in the eastern coastal areas of the Chinese mainland is much higher than in inland and western regions. Fourthly, people's perceptions have focused on the progress of nuclear power technology projects and nuclear accidents. Moreover, their attitude towards Chinese nuclear power projects and technologies is generally positive. The innovation of this study lies in the proposed methodological framework based on social media data. The framework expands the paradigm and dimension of public perception research. This study provides comprehensive analysis and support to nuclear power acceptance improvement and energy policy-making.

Risk assessment in gene therapy and somatic genome-editing: An expert interview study

BackgroundInnovation in gene therapy and genome editing raises high expectations for therapeutic breakthroughs. With the increasing maturity of the field, gene products using “gene transfer” technology, such as viral vectors, designer nucleases, incl. CRISPR/Cas, as the most recent, are frequently tested in clinical trials. Before such trials are launched, the anticipated risks and benefits of using gene transfer technologies must be evaluated to ascertain an ethical balance of risks and benefits. MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews with experts (n=15) in gene therapy/genome editing. We applied thematic text analysis to identify the qualitative spectrum of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of a risk assessment approach to gene therapy/genome editing research based on a comprehensive set of nine mechanistic categories of adverse reactions combined with estimates of risk probability according to World Health Organization (WHO) adverse reaction terminology. ResultsOur study revealed a clear demand for a structured approach to risk assessment gene therapy/genome editing. The interviews indicate that the nine presented mechanistic categories may be helpful to structure this risk assessment prior to initiating a new study. The interviews revealed a broad spectrum of practice-oriented SWOT, described in detail in this manuscript. DiscussionThe here presented SWOT for a structured approach to risk assessment prior to clinical trials with gene therapy/genome editing inform the refinement and implementation of such standardized approaches and the discussion among researchers, regulators, and funders. To overcome potential weaknesses and threats in the application of such a risk-based approach, the mechanistic categories need to be case-sensitive and complemented by information on the validity of relevant animal models, long-term risks, and information about patient characteristics.

Integrating sustainability into curricula: Teachers’ perceptions, preparation and practice in Qatar

As the global citizens, decision-makers, scholars and researchers come to face the irreversible dangers and harms of the ever-increasing trends of wasteful consumption and production, they realize that their current lifestyles engender their respective societies, communities, and the planet as a whole. Although late and limited, several policies and initiatives have been undertaken to slow down such harms and to call for alternative consumption and production methods including zero-waste, clean production, renewable energy sources, and demand side management, amongst others. One area that has been growing in importance to tackle such grand challenges from a grassroots level is Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Along with providing students with the skills and knowledge sets on sustainable development concepts and goals, ESD places a significant emphasis on teachers' capacity building and readiness. This study attempts to primarily investigate the perceptions of Grade 8 teachers in the context of Qatar on ESD integration, as well as the challenges they face for such endeavor. Using thematic text analysis for Grade 8 textbooks, semi-structured interviews conducted with 20 stakeholders, and a questionnaire conducted with 157 Grade 8 teachers in the State of Qatar, the findings reveal a stressing need for a more holistic and integrated embedding of sustainability values that do not contradict with the local ones, and that move beyond subjects' compartmentalization. Furthermore, the findings indicate that more alignment between the education policies regarding ESD and their respective application in classrooms is highly requested. Although the study showed no statistical significance in teachers' perceptions on ESD integration based on their gender, nationality, or age, results suggest a critical difference in teachers' perceptions congruent with their subject of teaching and specialization, and the extent of their schools’ involvement in ESD initiatives. In addition, findings suggest that teachers are aware of sustainability concepts, but not all knowledgeable, skilled or empowered to integrate them into their teaching. Drawing from the findings and analyses, and applying design thinking approach, the study proposes a preliminary framework for a transdisciplinary and holistic integration of sustainability values within K-12 curricula to empower teachers as the critically important agents of change.

Textual Metafunction in English Translation of The Noble Qur’an’s Surah ‘Abasa

The purposes of this research are to identify the types of theme used in translation Qur’an Surah ‘Abasa and to derive the dominant type of theme used in translation Qur’an Surah ‘Abasa. Here, the researcher applied descriptive qualitative approach. The data of this research were clauses in English translation of Qur’an Surah ‘Abasa which collected from Translation of the Meanings of The Noble Qur'an in the English Language by Dr. Muhammad Taqiuddin al-Hilali and Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan. The researcher used documentation technique as data collection technique in this study. In analyzing the data, the Interactive Model Technique of Miles, et. al., (2014) was employed in this study. The results of the research show the frequency and percentage of the types of theme used in the English translation of Qur’an Surah ‘Abasa. They are 55 Unmarked Topical Themes (49.55%), 34 Conjunction Textual Themes (30.63%), 20 Marked Topical Themes (18.02%), and 2 Polarity Adjunct Interpersonal Themes (1.80%). This finding showed that Unmarked Topical Theme is mostly used in the English translation of Qur’an Surah ‘Abasa because it explained a lot about nominal group and nominal group complex and it has a tendency to use subject as theme.

Thematic Choice in Argumentative Essays by Vietnamese EFL Learners

This study examines thematic choices used in argumentative writings by Vietnamese EFL learners and by American professional writers. To see the similarities and differences in usage of theme markedness, interpersonal and textual themes, 50 essays by Vietnamese EFL university students and 20 essays by native professional writers drawn from New York Times editorials are collected and analyzed. The frequencies of theme types are calculated. To understand how Vietnamese EFL learners use each type of theme, qualitative method is used to examine each essay in detail. The results reveal that there is no difference in using marked and unmarked themes between two groups. Regarding textual and interpersonal themes, however, Vietnamese EFL learners overuse these themes, which makes their writing less convincing and overly colloquial. These problems might be attributed to several factors, including translation from the first language, side effects of second language training and lack of knowledge of how theme operates in organizing information. Some pedagogical implications on guiding how to make thematic choices appropriately in EFL writing course are suggested to help EFL learners improve their writing skill.

Flexible Assertive Community Treatment in Rural and Remote Areas: A Qualitative Study of the Challenges and Adaptations of the Model.

BackgroundFlexible assertive community treatment (FACT) is an innovative model for providing long-term treatment to people with severe mental illness. The model was developed in the Netherlands but is now used in other countries, including Norway, which has a geography different from the Netherlands, with many rural and remote areas. Implementation of innovations is context dependent. The FACT model's potential in rural and remote areas has not been studied. Therefore, we aimed to gain knowledge regarding the challenges and modifications of the model in rural and remote contexts and discuss how they can affect the model's potential in such areas. This knowledge can improve the understanding of how FACT or similar services can be adapted to function most optimally in such conditions. We sought to address the following questions: Which elements of the FACT model do team leaders of the rural FACT teams find particularly challenging due to the context, and what modifications have the teams made to the model?MethodsDigital interviews were conducted with five team leaders from five rural FACT teams in different parts of Norway. They were selected using purposive sampling to include team leaders from some of the most rural teams in Norway. The interviews were analyzed using thematic text analysis.ResultsThe following three themes described elements of the FACT model that were experienced particularly challenging in the rural and remote context: multidisciplinary shared caseload approach, intensive outreach and crisis management. The following eight themes described the modifications that the teams had made to the model: intermunicipal collaboration, context-adaptive planning, delegation of tasks to municipal services, part-time employment, different geographical locations of staff, use of digital tools, fewer FACT board meetings, and reduced caseload.ConclusionsRural and remote contexts challenge the FACT model's potential. However, modifications can be made, some of which can be considered innovative modifications that can increase the model's potential in such areas, while others might move the teams further away from the model.

Effectiveness and Implementation of a Text Messaging Intervention to Reduce Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Among Latinx and White Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background SMS text messaging interventions are increasingly being used to help people manage mental health symptoms due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the widespread adoption of SMS text messaging interventions, little is known about racial and ethnic differences in effectiveness, feasibility, and implementation factors. Objective A hybrid type 1 mixed-methods study was conducted to compare the effectiveness and implementation of the StayWell intervention for Latinx and non-Latinx White (White) adults using elements of the RE-AIM framework. Methods Adults using the StayWell intervention received daily mood inquiries and skills–based text messages for 60 days and reported symptoms via online surveys and the HealthySMS portal. Reach was assessed by the share of adults reached via distinct recruitment methods, and effectiveness was evaluated using the Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) depression scale and General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale. Adoption was assessed with user engagement, defined as the share of responses to the (60) daily mood inquiries. Implementation was evaluated based on user feedback on the number/timing of messages, the difficulty of using the program, and the System Usability Scale. Maintenance was assessed with user reports of the likelihood of continuing and recommending the program. Quantitative RE-AIM indicators were assessed using a t test for continuous outcomes and a chi-square test for categorical outcomes. Mixed-effects linear regressions examined heterogeneity among Latinx and White users in the outcomes’ (ie, PHQ-8 and GAD-7) changes over time. A thematic text analysis of responses to an open-ended question about participant experiences of the program was conducted to help contextualize differences in the effectiveness and implementation of StayWell between Latinx and White users. Results Among 398 users, 262 (65.8%) responded to the postintervention assessment. Upon completion, depressive (–1.48; P=.001) and anxiety (–1.38; P=.001) symptoms decreased among all users. Compared to White adults, Latinx adults reported an additional –1.45 (P<.05) decline in PHQ-8 scores, adjusting for demographics, recruitment sample, and engagement. Among Latinx adults, StayWell resulted in a greater improvement of depression symptoms (25.8% vs 13.8% reduction; P=.02) but not in anxiety symptoms (21.2% vs 15.9% reduction; P=.23). Despite Latinx adults reporting lower usability (76.8 vs 83.9; P=.001) than White adults, they were more likely to report interest in continuing the program (7.5 vs 6.2; P=.001) and recommend StayWell to a family member or friend (7.8 vs 7.0; P=.013). Repetitive content was a critical barrier to engaging Latinx adults in StayWell; among Latinx adults, support groups and bidirectional messages were considered important program modifications. Conclusions Although anxiety and depressive symptoms decreased among all StayWell users after receiving 2 messages daily for 60 days, Latinx users experienced greater reductions in depression symptoms compared to White users. Bidirectional text messaging using contextual information and ecological momentary analysis of mood data are promising adaptations to enable the tailoring of messages and improved usability of StayWell, which may be especially effective in improving Latinx user engagement. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04473599; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04473599 Conflicts of Interest None declared.

A Contrastive Analysis of Ideational, Interpersonal and Textual Themes in English and Urdu

The present study deals with metafunctional diversity of thematic relations i.e. ideational, interpersonal and textual in English and Urdu. The objectives are: (1) to describe the functional significance particular to thematic progression (McCabe, 1999) of thematic structures in the English and the Urdu texts, and (2) to discuss how effectively the English thematic structures have been translated into Urdu. The English text Things Fall Apart by Achebe(1994) and its Urdu translation, Bikharti Duniya byUllah (1991) have been annotated through the annotation scheme of the UAM Corpus Tool(O`Donnell, 2008). The annotated English and Urdu clauses are analyzed to discuss their the maticstructures. The results show that the functional significance and thematic progression patterns are identical, but because of the unmotivated displacement of themes, the translation choices become ambiguous.To resolve ambiguities, possible translation choices have been suggested.

Trainees’ aversions of employee training programs

Purpose Training evaluation is an important part of training programs and evaluating the reactions of trainees is of immense value, but there are few studies on this level of evaluation, as it is a neglected area of research. More so, when trainee reactions to training are poor, human resource managers together with learning and development professionals are able to improve on training programs. Nonetheless, no study has focussed on the aversions of trainees to training, and so this study aims to investigate the aversions of trainees regarding employee training. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the exploratory research design and obtains data from trainees in an online survey using an open-ended question. Thematic text analyses of the statements of 118 respondents are performed using a two-level coding process. Findings A total of 15 first-level codes are identified from the texts and categorized into five second-level codes. Further analyses culminate in the identification of two broad themes; trainers’ presentation aversions and organization of training aversions. Practical implications Attention must be given to the aversions of trainees in the training evaluation literature. This is because of the considerable amount of information that can be generated and based on that, identify the weaknesses inherent in employee training programs and ultimately improve this critical human resource function within organizations. In attending to the trainee aversions, the least and most reported should be resolved holistically for training objectives to be achieved. Originality/value Trainee reaction studies are scarce in the training literature. In addition, most of the existing trainee reaction studies focus on satisfaction while using closed-ended questionnaires. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that focuses on the aversions of trainees and which uses an open-ended question.

"Doing palliative care with my hands tied behind my back": telepalliative care delivery for oncology inpatients during a COVID-19 surge.

New York City was a “global COVID-19 hotspot” in spring 2020. Many health teams rapidly transitioned to telehealth platforms. Little is known about the experiences of inpatient palliative care services who delivered telehealth services during the pandemic. This study was aimed to explore the experiences of an interdisciplinary palliative care team in meeting the holistic needs of oncology inpatients via telehealth over a 10-week period during the first COVID-19 surge. A targeted sample of interdisciplinary palliative specialists at an urban comprehensive cancer center participated in in-depth interviews that explored participants’ experiences delivering physical, psychosocial, and spiritual care via telehealth. An interdisciplinary coding team followed a rigorous thematic text analysis approach and met regularly to reach consensus on emerging themes. Eleven palliative specialists from six disciplines (chaplaincy, medicine, nursing, pharmacy, physician assistant, and social work) participated. Seventy-three percent reported not receiving telehealth training prior to COVID-19 and 64% were “not at all” or “somewhat comfortable” delivering telepalliative care. Several themes were identified, including the barriers related to telehealth, the impact of telehealth on the quality of relationships with patients, their families, and coworkers, and the changes in perceived self-efficacy of fulfilling job responsibilities. Telehealth use has increased significantly during COVID-19, requiring further evaluation of its utility. Participants reported both positive and negative inpatient telepalliative care experiences associated with various domains of professional functioning, such as communication, relationships with key stakeholders, and self-efficacy. Enhanced telehealth training and support must be improved to sustain the palliative workforce and promote high-quality patient and family care in the future.

Beyond objective measurements: Danish nurses' identification of hospitalized pediatric patients at risk of clinical deterioration – A qualitative study

PurposeWhile the use of Pediatric Track and Trigger Tools as a standard to discriminate high level of urgency in pediatric care has received considerable attention, less focus has been given to other important factors such as nurses' clinical observations and judgement. The purpose of this study was to explore nurses' observational practice and focus on which non-measurable signs and symptoms nurses find important when identifying inpatient pediatric patients at risk of clinical deterioration. Design and methodsThis was an inductive qualitative study based on an interpretive description methodology. Data were obtained through participant observation of experienced nurses working in a Danish pediatric unit and focus group interviews with pediatric nurses. Field notes were taken, and focus group interviews were audio taped and transcribed. A thematic text condensation method was used to analyse data. ResultsFindings revealed the following four main themes of non-measurable signs and symptoms that nurses find important when identifying children at risk of clinical deterioration: Colour and skin tone; sounds; movement patterns; behavioural signs. ConclusionsThis study suggest that pediatric patients show signs and symptoms that go beyond the objective measurements integrated in Pediatric Track and Trigger Tools and they should not be ignored as they are highly valuable to nurses who are responsible for observing inpatient pediatric patients at risk of clinical deterioration. ImplicationsMore empirical research on nurses' observational practice is recommended, especially research to identify the signs and symptoms - both measurable and non-measurable – that are significant to nurses at the bedside.

13Posthumanisms

Abstract Posthumanism as a school of thought and a theme in literary and cultural texts strives to keep pace with developments such as terraforming or genetic engineering, but also engages philosophically and politically with those developments, in the form of enunciating questions about human identity, nonhuman agency, and ethics. In more recent times, posthuman thought has moved into areas as diverse as climate change, the Anthropocene, legal identity, and pedagogy. It also continues, as this chapter’s review of books, book chapters, and journal articles published in the year 2021 shows, to be interested in legal subjectivity, ideas of personhood, human genealogy, and their cultural expressions in the form of pop culture and literary texts. The chapter is divided into seven sections: 1. Surveying Posthumanism; 2. Posthumanisms and the Anthropocene; 3. Posthuman Performance; 4. Transhumanism; 5. Posthumanism, Law, and Ethics; 6. Posthumanism and the Pandemic; 7. Conclusion.

Dream as a Narrative Strategy in Selected Classical Malay Texts

This paper discusses dream as a narrative strategy in selected classical Malay texts. The discussion covers six Malay historiographical texts: Sulalatus Salatin, Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai, Hikayat Banjar, Tuhfat Al-Nafis, Babad Tanah Jawa and Syair Peperangan Aceh. Mieke Bal's narrative theory (2017) is used as the main method of discussion. In her book, Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of Narrative (2017), Bal presents 12 important characteristics in narrative theory; event, character, time, location, plot, repetition, focalization, text, author, description, narrative stages and ideology. Based on the analysis, the characteristics can be condensed into five categories: text (theme, point of view, repetition, description, narrative stages, plot, and focalization), author, setting (time, place, and event), ideology and character. However, the discussion of this paper uses one element only, which is the author's ideology. The findings intend to show the author's ideology in using dream as one of the narrative strategies to highlight the sovereignty and veneration of the Malay kings. The study's results prove that dream was used as a narrative strategy by the past royal court authors.

Задача анализа эмоциональной окраски текстов в банковской деятельности

The paper presents the author's approach to solving the problem of sentiment analysis of online Russian-language messages about the activities of banks. The study data are customer reviews about banks in general and their products, services and quality of service posted on the Banki.ru portal. In this paper, the problem of text sentiment analysis is considered as a binary classification task based on a set of positive and negative reviews. A vector model with a tf-idf weighting scheme was used to represent the collected and preprocessed texts. The following algorithms with the selection of optimal parameters on the grid were used for binary classification task: naive Bayesian classifier, support vector machine, logistic regression, random forest and gradient boosting. Standard statistical metrics, such as accuracy, completeness, and F-measure, were used to evaluate the quality of solving the classification problem. For the indicated metrics, the best results were obtained on the classification model developed with the use of Support Vector Machine. Thematic text modeling was also carried out using the Dirichlet latent placement method to define the most typical topics of customer messages. As a result, it was concluded that the most popular message topics are "cards" and "quality of service". The obtained results can be used in the activities of banks to automate its reputation monitoring in the media and when routing client requests to solve various problems. When solving problems, the features of the Python programming language were actively used, namely, libraries for web scraping, machine learning, and natural language processing.

Integration of Care in Complex and Fragmented Service Systems: Experiences of Staff in Flexible Assertive Community Treatment Teams.

Introduction:To provide more integrated care, several countries have implemented the Flexible Assertive Community Treatment (FACT) model. However, this model does not guarantee full integration, especially in complex and fragmented service systems like in Norway. Hence, we investigated which barriers that might reduce the potential for integrated care in the Norwegian system, as described by staff in FACT teams, and how they adjust their way of working to increase the opportunities for integration.Methods:Online focus group interviews involving 35 staff members of five Norwegian FACT teams were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. The material was analysed using thematic text analysis.Results:Six themes described the barriers to integrated care in the service system: fragmentation, different legislation and digital systems, challenges in collaboration, bureaucracy and limited opening hours. Three themes described adjustments in the teams’ way of working to enhance integration: working as the responsible co-ordinator, being a collaborator, and the only entry channel into the service system.Conclusion:The FACT team staff described several barriers to integration within the system. However, they made some adjustments in their way of working that might provide opportunities for integrated care within complex and fragmented service systems.

Flexible inclusion of dialogue about psychosocial aspects of life with type 1 diabetes in routine consultations: A study of a questionnaire-based dialogue tool to promote person-centred support.

To explore (1) experiences among people with type 1 diabetes and diabetologists of using a questionnaire-based dialogue tool in routine consultations to identify and address psychosocial challenges and (2) experiences of person-centredness in this group compared with a group who did not use the tool. In all, 42 people with type 1 diabetes (mean age 54 years, mean diabetes duration 31 years and 60% women) were interviewed and completed an evaluation questionnaire following a routine consultation with the use of a dialogue tool including PAID-5, WHO-5 and open-ended questions. A comparison group of 42 people with type 1 diabetes attending routine consultations without the use of dialogue tools completed evaluation questionnaires. All consultations were audio recorded. Diabetologists were interviewed after completing all test consultations. Interviews were analysed using thematic text condensation. Evaluation questionnaires were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi square tests and Student's two-sided t-tests. Most participants found questions in the dialogue tool relevant to discuss with the diabetologist, and two-thirds were satisfied with the time spent on that. Experiences of people with type 1 diabetes and diabetologists were related to three pathways: (1) the tool supported valuable conversations with the diabetologist, (2) conversations with the diabetologist were unchanged and (3) the tool derailed conversations. All participants reported high levels of person centredness; however, significantly more in the comparison group reported that the diabetologist made them feel at ease (80 vs. 55%) and discussed and planned specific changes with them (93 vs. 67%). A questionnaire-based dialogue tool in consultations can support the discussion of psychosocial issues of people with type 1 diabetes. However, flexible and tailored use of the dialogue tool is crucial as consultations may otherwise be derailed.

"It Took Away and Stripped a Part of Myself": Clinician Distress and Recommendations for Future Telepalliative Care Delivery in the Cancer Context.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid expansion of telehealth service delivery. We explored the experiences of a multidisciplinary palliative care team delivering telepalliative care for oncology inpatients during a 10-weeks COVID-19 surge in New York City. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with a targeted sample, employing a phenomenological approach with applied thematic text analysis. An interdisciplinary coding team iteratively coded data using a mix of a priori and inductive codes. Team members first independently reviewed each category, then met to reach consensus on recurring themes. The sample (n = 11) included a chaplain (n = 1), social worker (n = 1), pharmacist (n = 1), physicians (n = 3), physician assistant (n = 1), and nurse practitioners (n = 4). Participants described multidimensional clinician distress as a primary experience in delivering telepalliative care during the COVD-19 surge, characterized by competing loyalties (e.g., institutional obligations, ethical obligations to patients, resentment and distrust of leadership) and feelings of disempowerment (e.g., guilt in providing subpar support, decisional regret, loss of identity as a provider). Participants provided explicit recommendations to improve telepalliative care delivery for acute oncology inpatients in the future. Palliative care clinicians experienced personal and professional distress providing inpatient telepalliative care during this COVID-19 surge. Clinician strain providing telehealth services must be explored further as the pandemic and utilization of telehealth evolves. Telepalliative care planning must include attention to clinician wellbeing to sustain the workforce and promote team cohesion, and a focus on infrastructure needed to deliver high-quality, holistic care for oncology patients and their families when in-person consultation is impossible.

The role of education and income as protective factors against intimate partner violence and HIV exposure among Kenyan women

Introduction Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health problem that impacts approximately one in three women worldwide in their lifetime. The purpose of the study was to explore the lived experiences of women teachers and violence in Kenya. It also explores the intersection between intimate partner violence, HIV risk, and gender inequality. Method Data were collected through two focus groups of a total of 15 women teachers. We recruited women ages 21–44 from two geographically diverse urban and rural schools. The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis method to identify text themes and meaning patterns. Results Three contextual experiences emerged: socio-cultural influences of gender norms, masculinity and patriarchy; uneven power dynamics; and institutionalized gender inequality. Discussion Findings suggest that education alone is not sufficient to end GBV. Comprehensive and gender transformative governmental policy approaches are needed to mitigate GBV in Kenya.

Perceptions and care Recommendations from Previvors: Qualitative analysis of female BRCA1/2 mutation Carriers’ experience with genetic testing and counseling

IntroductionIt is estimated that 12.5% of women will be diagnosed with breast cancer and 1.10% with ovarian cancer during their lifetime. Although less common, women with these mutations have a 11–72% increased risk of breast/ovarian cancers and are hereditary. Genetic testing/counseling presents the opportunity to identify carriers of BRCA1/2 genetic mutations before a cancer diagnosis. MethodsThirty-four BRCA1/2-positive women (with and without histories of breast/ovarian cancers) were recruited through online national support groups to gain a better understanding of their genetic testing/counseling perceptions and experiences. After confirming eligibility, they were invited to participate in either a telephone or webcam interview. Interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative thematic text analysis and descriptive coding techniques. ResultsSix major themes emerged, capturing the perceptions and experiences of genetic testing/counseling for these women: 1) Emotional Reactions to Results and Genetic Counseling, 2) Future Recommendations, 3) Family Solidarity and Support, 4) Experiences with the Healthcare System, 5) Preventive Concerns and Decisions, and 6) Sources Affecting Perceived Risk. Two subthemes also emerged within the first theme, which are termed “Pre-vivor,” and “Testing Intuition.” ConclusionsParticipants indicated that genetic testing/counseling improvements would be helpful for women in this population surrounding quality care, including sensitivity training for healthcare professionals involved in testing/counseling, additional educational resources, and increased emotional and financial support. Although these recommendations may be beneficial, more widespread research with greater generalizability to disparate groups may be necessary prior to implementation.

Feminism and Its Impact on the Literature of Love

Writers, readers and critics of literature have long been engaged with the appreciation of Feminist characters and Feminist themes in literary texts. But analyzing Feminism itself, to know about its impact on the literature of love is also an area to be explored. When Feminism is studied, we find in it traits opposing the love of mankind, which increases misery for women and others resulting in the decrease and even disappearance of the literature of love, a priceless possession of human beings. Thus, this paper aims at exploring how Feminism is antagonistic to the love of mankind by being prone to exclusionist and utilitarian politics, hostile to men and children, catalytic to separation in family, and indifferent towards rape and illegal men-women physical relationship eventually contributing to the increase of human misery reflected by and resulting in the gradual extinction of the literature of love. In this research thematic analysis was followed applying Bowen Family Systems Theory, Reader-Response Theory and Theory of Phenomenology. The finding of the research may ignite the search of a love-based, family-centric and holistic approach to ensure a misery-free happy life to women which will be reflected in the rejuvenation of the literature of love.