Text Reuse Research Articles

Measuring Short Text Reuse for the Urdu Language

Text reuse occurs when one borrows the text (either verbatim or paraphrased) from an earlier written text. A large and increasing amount of digital text is easily and readily available, making it simpler to reuse but difficult to detect. As a result, automatic detection of text reuse has attracted the attention of the research community due to the wide variety of applications associated with it. To develop and evaluate automatic methods for text reuse detection, standard evaluation resources are required. In this paper, we propose one such resource for a significantly under-resourced language—Urdu, which is widely used in day to day communication and has a large digital footprint particularly in the Indian subcontinent. Our proposed Urdu short text reuse corpus contains 2684 short Urdu text pairs, manually labeled as verbatim (496), paraphrased (1329), and independently written (859). In addition, we describe an evaluation of the corpus using various state-of-the-art text reuse detection methods with binary and multi-classification settings and a set of four classifiers. Output results show that character n-gram overlap using J48 classifier outperform other methods for the Urdu short text reuse detection task.

Text as Policy: Measuring Policy Similarity Through Bill Text Reuse

The identification of substantively similar policy proposals in both proposed and adopted legislation is important to scholars of public policy diffusion and legislative politics. Conventional, manual, approaches are prohibitively costly in constructing datasets that accurately represent policymaking across policy domains, geographic units, and/or time. We propose the use of text-sequencing algorithms, applied to legislative text, to identify bills that introduce similar policy proposals. We present three ground truth tests, applied to a corpus of 500,000 bills from US-state legislatures. First, we show that bills introduced by ideologically similar sponsors are more likely to exhibit a high degree of text reuse. Second, we show that bills classified by the National Council of State Legislatures as covering the same policies exhibit a high degree of text reuse. Third, we show that rates of text reuse across state borders correlate strongly with the diffusion networks recently introduced by Desmarais, Harden and Boehmke (2015).

Digitally Analyzing the Uneven Ground: Language Borrowing Among Indian Treaties

Despite a growing body of literature focusing on the importance of Native American treaties and the treaty making process itself, the nearly four hundred separate documents have yet to be analyzed using the methods of digital history. By digitally detecting text reuse, this article recreates the patterns of language borrowing found among treaties and locates these networks within the larger context of settler-colonialism. An examination of these patterns reveals that treaty authors frequently borrowed both content and language from previous documents but only rarely did this borrowing occur over long periods of time or across geographic regions. Most treaties borrowed from their immediate temporal predecessors and geographic neighbors. While borrowing was common, many treaties did not include any borrowed language. This absence of borrowing raises questions concerning indigenous agency and the supposed efficiency and strength of the growing bureaucratic American state. These patterns of language borrowing illustrate the inconsistency of federal Indian policy. The article concludes with two case studies that demonstrate how digitally detecting text reuse can complicate our understanding of the treaty making process.

Unsupervised identification of text reuse in early Chinese literature

Unsupervised identification of text reuse in early Chinese literature

The extent and causes of academic text recycling or ‘self-plagiarism’

Among the various forms of academic misconduct, text recycling or ‘self-plagiarism’ holds a particularly contentious position as a new way to game the reward system of science. A recent case of alleged ‘self-plagiarism’ by the prominent Dutch economist Peter Nijkamp has attracted much public and regulatory attention in the Netherlands. During the Nijkamp controversy, it became evident that many questions around text recycling have only partly been answered and that much uncertainty still exists. While the conditions of fair text reuse have been specified more clearly in the wake of this case, the extent and causes of problematic text recycling remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the extent of problematic text recycling in order to obtain understanding of its occurrence in four research areas: biochemistry & molecular biology, economics, history and psychology. We also investigated some potential reasons and motives for authors to recycle their text, by testing current hypotheses in scholarly literature regarding the causes of text recycling. To this end, an analysis was performed on 922 journal articles, using the Turnitin plagiarism detection software, followed by close manual interpretation of the results. We observed considerable levels of problematic text recycling, particularly in economics and psychology, while it became clear that the extent of text recycling varies substantially between research fields. In addition, we found evidence that more productive authors are more likely to recycle their papers. In addition, the analysis provides insight into the influence of the number of authors and the existence of editorial policies on the occurrence of problematic text recycling.

Legislative amendments and informal politics in the European Union: A text reuse approach

The ability to amend legislative proposals introduced by the Commission is central to legislative process in the European Union. Despite this, very few attempts have been made to capture and explain such amendments. This study addresses this gap in the literature by considering the changes between the Commission’s proposals and the final legislative outcome passed by the European Union. It does so by implementing minimum edit distance algorithms to measure changes between legislative proposals and outcomes. The findings suggest that legislative amendments are determined by the formal and informal institutional structures in which negotiations take place and characteristics of the proposal itself. Our conclusions contribute to the ongoing debate on the nature and distribution of legislative powers in the European Union.

Endothelial basement membrane laminin 511 is essential for shear stress response.

Corrigendum15 May 2017free access Endothelial basement membrane laminin 511 is essential for shear stress response Jacopo Di Russo orcid.org/0000-0001-6731-9612 Search for more papers by this author Anna-Liisa Luik orcid.org/0000-0003-0389-5850 Search for more papers by this author Lema Yousif Search for more papers by this author Sigmund Budny Search for more papers by this author Hans Oberleithner Search for more papers by this author Verena Hofschröer Search for more papers by this author Juergen Klingauf Search for more papers by this author Ed van Bavel Search for more papers by this author Erik NTP Bakker Search for more papers by this author Per Hellstrand Search for more papers by this author Anirban Bhattachariya Search for more papers by this author Sebastian Albinsson Search for more papers by this author Frederic Pincet Search for more papers by this author Rupert Hallmann Search for more papers by this author Lydia M Sorokin orcid.org/0000-0001-7704-7921 Search for more papers by this author Jacopo Di Russo orcid.org/0000-0001-6731-9612 Search for more papers by this author Anna-Liisa Luik orcid.org/0000-0003-0389-5850 Search for more papers by this author Lema Yousif Search for more papers by this author Sigmund Budny Search for more papers by this author Hans Oberleithner Search for more papers by this author Verena Hofschröer Search for more papers by this author Juergen Klingauf Search for more papers by this author Ed van Bavel Search for more papers by this author Erik NTP Bakker Search for more papers by this author Per Hellstrand Search for more papers by this author Anirban Bhattachariya Search for more papers by this author Sebastian Albinsson Search for more papers by this author Frederic Pincet Search for more papers by this author Rupert Hallmann Search for more papers by this author Lydia M Sorokin orcid.org/0000-0001-7704-7921 Search for more papers by this author Author Information Jacopo Di Russo, Anna-Liisa Luik, Lema Yousif, Sigmund Budny, Hans Oberleithner, Verena Hofschröer, Juergen Klingauf, Ed Bavel, Erik NTP Bakker, Per Hellstrand, Anirban Bhattachariya, Sebastian Albinsson, Frederic Pincet, Rupert Hallmann and Lydia M Sorokin EMBO J (2017)36:1464-1464https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.201797000 This article corrects the following: Endothelial basement membrane laminin 511 is essential for shear stress response09 December 2016 ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyWechatReddit Figures & Info Editorial Note J. Di Russo and L. Sorokin were co-authors on another recent paper on laminin 511 in endothelial junctions in leukocyte extravasation (Song et al, 2017). Song et al (2017) was not made available for assessment by the editors and referees of this journal. While there is no reuse of specific text or figures between the two papers, it was an oversight to omit the citation to Song et al (2017). L. Sorokin, J. Di Russo and the Faculty of Medicine of Münster University, represented by Mathias Herrmann, agree with this statement. References Song J, Zhang X, Buscher K, Wang Y, Wang H, Di Russo J, Li L, Lütke-Enking S, Zarbock A, Stadtmann A, Striewski P, Wirth B, Kuzmanov I, Wiendl H, Schulte D, Vestweber D, Sorokin L (2017) Endothelial basement membrane laminin 511 contributes to endothelial junctional tightness and thereby inhibits leukocyte transmigration. Cell Rep 18: 1256–1269CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Next ArticlePrevious Article Read MoreAbout the coverClose modalView large imageVolume 36,Issue 10,15 May 2017Cover: The balance of brain organoid differentiation. This drawing illustrates the remarkable self-organization capacity of cerebral organoids that allows them to recapitulate human brain development in vitro. The authors show that organizing centers induce the formation of dorsal and ventral progenitor zones separated by a defined boundary – like a yin-yang symbolizing the balance between distinct but complementary entities. Color code: Dark red = Cortical hem signaling center Red = Pax6 positive radial glia progenitors in the dorsal forebrain Magenta = TBR2 positive intermediate progenitor cells in the dorsal forebrain Yellow-green = GSX2 positive progenitors in the ventral forebrain Green = DLX2 progenitors and young neurons in the ventral forebrain Cyan = VGAT positive interneurons migrating from ventral to dorsal forebrain Purple = Excitatory neurons generated in the dorsal forebrain From Magdalena Renner, Madeline A Lancaster, Jürgen A Knoblich and colleagues: Self-organized developmental patterning and differentiation in cerebral organoids. For details, see the Article on p 1316, also highlighted by Dias and Guillemot on p 1299. Artwork by Beata Edyta Mierzwa, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria; (beatascienceart.com). Volume 36Issue 1015 May 2017In this issue ReferencesRelatedDetailsLoading ...

TSAKE: A topical and structural automatic keyphrase extractor

The keyphrases of a text entity are a set of words or phrases that concisely describe the main content of that text. Automatic keyphrase extraction plays an important role in natural language processing and information retrieval tasks such as text summarization, text categorization, full-text indexing, and cross-lingual text reuse. However, automatic keyphrase extraction is still a complicated task and the performance of the current keyphrase extraction methods is low. Automatic discovery of high-quality and meaningful keyphrases requires the application of useful information and suitable mining techniques. This paper proposes Topical and Structural Keyphrase Extractor (TSAKE) for the task of automatic keyphrase extraction. TSAKE combines the prior knowledge about the input langue learned by an N-gram topical model (TNG) with the co-occurrence graph of the input text to form some topical graphs. Different from most of the recent keyphrase extraction models, TSAKE uses the topic model to weight the edges instead of the nodes of the co-occurrence graph. Moreover, while TNG represents the general topics of the language, TSAKE applies network analysis techniques to each topical graph to detect finer grained sub-topics and extract more important words of each sub-topic. The use of these informative words in the ranking process of the candidate keyphrases improves the quality of the final keyphrases proposed by TSAKE. The results of our experiment studies conducted on three manually annotated datasets show the superiority of the proposed model over three baseline techniques and six state-of-the-art models.

Scissors and Paste: The Georgian Reprints, 1800–1837

This dataset, part of the Scissors and Paste Project (https://osf.io/nm2rq), describes instances of reprinting and text reuse (scissors-and-paste journalism) in British newspapers between 1800–1837. It was derived from the 19 th -Century British Library Newspapers, Part 1 digitised newspaper collection by using plagiarism detection software to identify instances of substantially similar text. It contains a series of manifests that describe a) instances of shared content b) the likely directionality of copying and c) which instances are evolutionary dead-ends and have no known reprints. It is comprised of 1,824 TSV files, divided into four directories, each representing one month between January 1800 and December 1837.

Reuse of Text in P?li Legal Commentaries

We will examine three types of reuse represented in P?li legal literature: (1) unacknowledged borrowings of authoritative opinions and definitions adapted (such as by dropping the references given in the source text) and rearranged (Samantap?s?dik? > Ka?kh?vitara??; fourth to fifth century ce); (2) unacknowledged borrowings of largely unchanged selected text portions being rearranged (Samantap?s?dik? > Vinaya-sa?gaha; twelfth century CE); and (3) unconnected extracts of unchanged text portions lined up in the sequence of the source text (for instance P?timokkha-padattha-anuva??an? > Vinaya-lakkha?a-r?s?; eighteenth (?) century CE).

블루투스 기반 청각장애인을 위한 의사소통 앱의 효용성 연구

Background and Objectives: For deaf and hard-of-hearing people, the effective communication with hearing people is important for their independent living. As smart mobile devices have become very popular, lots of mobile applications are available for hard-of-hearing people to communicate with hearing people. Currently available such applications are ineffective. Some applications require extra cost for data communication, while others lack text typing aids for convenient and fast input by hard-of-hearing people. The purpose of this study was to develop a bluetooth-based mobile application for hard-of-hearing persons to communicate with hearing ones, and to verify the effectiveness of the application. Method: We identified the requirements of mobile applications for effective communication between hard-of-hearing and hearing people, and then developed a bluetooth-based mobile application. Bluetooth needs no extra cost in data communication. The application supports text typing aids for hard-of-hearing people, such as auto-completion of words, text reuse and built-in dialogs, and supports speech recognition for hearing people. Using speech recognition and synthesis makes hearing people more comfortable than using key pad in communication. In order to verify the effectiveness of our application, we conducted a usability test of the application with 20 hard-of-hearing persons. In the usability test, we measured the overall satisfaction, learnability and effectiveness of the application by using 5-point Likert scale. Results: The mean scores of overall satisfaction, learnability and effectiveness were 4.25, 4.31 and 4.45, respectively. Conclusion: The usability test showed that the application was very effective for hard-of-hearing persons. Some subjects pointed out a visibility problem of the user interface. The developed application focused on face-to-face conversation. Further studies are required to develop one-to-many communication applications that enable hard-of-hearing people to talk with many other persons in meetings and conferences.

COUNTER: corpus of Urdu news text reuse

Text reuse is the act of borrowing text from existing documents to create new texts. Freely available and easily accessible large online repositories are not only making reuse of text more common in society but also harder to detect. A major hindrance in the development and evaluation of existing/new mono-lingual text reuse detection methods, especially for South Asian languages, is the unavailability of standardized benchmark corpora. Amongst other things, a gold standard corpus enables researchers to directly compare existing state-of-the-art methods. In our study, we address this gap by developing a benchmark corpus for one of the widely spoken but under resourced languages i.e. Urdu. The COrpus of Urdu News TExt Reuse (COUNTER) corpus contains 1200 documents with real examples of text reuse from the field of journalism. It has been manually annotated at document level with three levels of reuse: wholly derived, partially derived and non derived. We also apply a number of similarity estimation methods on our corpus to show how it can be used for the development, evaluation and comparison of text reuse detection systems for the Urdu language. The corpus is a vital resource for the development and evaluation of text reuse detection systems in general and specifically for Urdu language.

Valentina Polcini, Dino Buzzati and Anglo-American Culture. The Re-use of Visual and Narrative Text in his Fantastic Fiction

Review of the book Dino Buzzati and Anglo-American Culture. The Re-use of Visual and Narrative Text in his Fantastic Fiction by Valentina Polcini

Comments on: Study of the dynamical properties of water in disaccharide solutions.

The articles were examined following the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines with regard to suspected redundant publication. The editors of the European Biophysics Journal recognize the partial re-use of text taken from older publications of the same authors or publications that were submitted in parallel to the one in question. Moreover, Figs. 2, 3, and 4a, b of the article have been partially re-used from article (2) listed above (DOI 10.1021/jp0536450). However, it is felt that the re-use is not central to the validity of the conclusions and interpretations drawn from the data. It was decided to publish this notice to alert readers to this conclusion. This notice clarifies the relationship between Study of the dynamical properties of water in disaccharide solutions, authored by S Magazu, F Migliardo, MTF Telling, Eur Biophys J. 2007. DOI 10.1007/s00249-006-0108-0, and the following articles:

Comments on: Bio-protective effects of homologous disaccharides on biological macromolecules.

The articles were examined following the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines with regard to suspected redundant publication. The editors of the European Biophysics Journal recognize the partial re-use of text taken from older publications of the same authors or publications that were submitted in parallel to the one in question. Moreover, Fig. 2 of the article has been re-used from article (2) listed above (DOI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.06.075). However, it is felt that the re-use is not central to the validity of the conclusions and interpretations drawn from the data. It was decided to publish this notice to alert readers to this conclusion. This notice clarifies the relationship between Bio-protective effects of homologous disaccharides on biological macromolecules, authored by Magazu, F Migliardo, A Benedetto, R La Torre, L Hennet, Eur Biophys J. 2012. DOI 10.1007/ s00249-011-0760-x, and the following articles:

Approaching Questions of Text Reuse in Ancient Greek Using Computational Syntactic Stylometry

Abstract We are investigating methods by which data from dependency syntax treebanks of ancient Greek can be applied to questions of authorship in ancient Greek historiography. From the Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank were constructed syntax words (sWords) by tracing the shortest path from each leaf node to the root for each sentence tree. This paper presents the results of a preliminary test of the usefulness of the sWord as a stylometric discriminator. The sWord data was subjected to clustering analysis. The resultant groupings were in accord with traditional classifications. The use of sWords also allows a more fine-grained heuristic exploration of difficult questions of text reuse. A comparison of relative frequencies of sWords in the directly transmitted Polybius book 1 and the excerpted books 9–10 indicate that the measurements of the two texts are generally very close, but when frequencies do vary, the differences are surprisingly large. These differences reveal that a certain syntactic simplification is a salient characteristic of Polybius’ excerptor, who leaves conspicuous syntactic indicators of his modifications.

Dealing with Relevance Ranking in Cross-Lingual Cross-Script Text Reuse

Proliferation of multilingual content on the web has paved way for text reuse to get cross-lingual and also cross script. Identifying cross language text reuse becomes tougher if one considers cross-script less resourced languages. This paper focuses on identifying text reuse between English-Hindi news articles and improving their relevance ranking using two phases (i) Heuristic retrieval phase for reducing search space and (ii) post processing phase for improving the relevance ranking. Dictionary based strategy of Cross-Language Information Retrieval is used for heuristic retrieval and Parse Feature Vector Model (PFVS) is proposed for post processing to improve the relevance ranking. The application of this model has been successful in tackling the obfuscation problems of synonymy, hyponymy, hypernymy, antonym, sentence addition/ deletion and word inflection. Instead of using traditional approaches, Parse Feature Vectors have been explored to detect the reused documents and as per the knowledge of the authors it is a novel contribution with regards to these two language pairs.

A Servile Copy: Text Reuse and Medium Data in American Civil Procedure

A Servile Copy: Text Reuse and Medium Data in American Civil Procedure

English

Information explosion has resulted in the need for more advanced methods for managing the information. Text stream mining, is very important as people and organizations are trying to process and understand as much of information as possible. Generalised suffix tree is a data structure which is capable of solving a number of text stream mining tasks like detecting changes in the text stream, identifying reuse of text and detecting events by identifying when the frequencies of phrases change in a statistically significant way. An efficient method with polynomial time complexity that uses suffix trees to analyse streams of data in an online setting is discussed.

Digital Readers of Allusive Texts: Ovidian Intertextuality in the 'Commedia' and the Digital Concordance on 'Intertextual Dante'

This essay introduces the notion of a digital concordance as a reading and research tool to explore intertextual passages online, and illustrates how a digital concordance of highly allusive texts can change how we read and research such texts. I take as example the digital concordance on Intertextual Dante, a project on Digital Dante (digitaldante.columbia.edu) developed in collaboration with the Center for Digital Research and Scholarship at Columbia University, which in the first phase highlights the Ovidian intertextuality in Dante’s Divina Commedia. The essay traces the history of the scholarship on Dante’s Ovid, identifying its strengths and limitations, especially of the concordances in print. Since the intertextual passages in the Commedia require a reading not restricted to the obviously corresponding verses, but attentive to the broader textual contexts, I show how the digital concordance on Intertextual Dante greatly facilitates such a contextualized reading. The visualization of the corresponding passages (side by side, highlighted, within context) and the search options (by category of text reuse or by canto/book/poem) help the study of (Ovidian) intertextuality in the Commedia, as illustrated with examples from the site.