Text Of Article Research Articles

Range of Clinical Manifestations Caused by Invasive Meningococcal Disease Due to Serogroup W: A Systematic Review.

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) due to serogroup W meningococci (MenW) is consistently reported with atypical clinical manifestations, including gastrointestinal symptoms, bacteremic pneumonia, and septic arthritis. We undertook a systematic review of the literature for a comprehensive assessment of the clinical presentation of IMD caused by MenW. PubMed and Embase databases were searched from inception to June 2022 using a combination of MeSH terms and free text for articles that reported symptoms and signs of MenW IMD, and associated manifestations. The most commonly reported symptoms identified included: fever (range 36-100% of cases), nausea and/or vomiting (range 38-47%), vomiting (range 14-68%), cough (range 7-57%), sore throat (range 13-34%), headache (range 7-50%), diarrhea (range 8-47%), altered consciousness/mental status (range 7-38%), stiff neck (range 7-54%), and nausea (range 7-20%). Sepsis (range 15-83% of cases) was the most commonly reported manifestation followed by meningitis (range 5-72%), sepsis and meningitis (range 6-74%), bacteremic pneumonia (range 4-24%), arthritis (range 1-15%), and other manifestations (e.g., pharyngitis/epiglottitis/supraglottitis/tonsillitis/conjunctivitis; range 1-24%). The case fatality rates ranged from 8-40%, and among the survivors 4-14% had long-term sequelae. Clinicians need to be aware of the nonspecific symptoms and signs of IMD, as well as of the atypical manifestations in regions where MenW is known to circulate to ensure timely diagnoses and treatment.

The diagnosis performance of convolutional neural network in the detection of pulmonary nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Pulmonary nodules are an early imaging indication of lung cancer, and early detection of pulmonary nodules can improve the prognosis of lung cancer. As one of the applications of machine learning, the convolutional neural network (CNN) applied to computed tomography (CT) imaging data improves the accuracy of diagnosis, but the results could be more consistent. To evaluate the diagnostic performance of CNN in assisting in detecting pulmonary nodules in CT images. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Elsevier, CNKI and Wanfang databases were systematically retrieved before 30 April 2023. Two reviewers searched and checked the full text of articles that might meet the criteria. The reference criteria are joint diagnoses by experienced physicians. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated by a random-effects model. Meta-regression analysis was performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Twenty-six studies were included in this meta-analysis, involving 2,391,702 regions of interest, comprising segmented images with a few wide pixels. The combined sensitivity and specificity values of the CNN model in detecting pulmonary nodules were 0.93 and 0.95, respectively. The pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 291. The AUC was 0.98. There was heterogeneity in sensitivity and specificity among the studies. The results suggested that data sources, pretreatment methods, reconstruction slice thickness, population source and locality might contribute to the heterogeneity of these eligible studies. The CNN model can be a valuable diagnostic tool with high accuracy in detecting pulmonary nodules.

Professional identity formation among undergraduate pre-medical students: a scoping review protocol

BackgroundProfessional Identity formation is the process by which learners internalize a profession’s values, behaviors, and perceptions. With respect to physicians, this occurs at multiple levels of medical education, including the undergraduate, graduate, and continuing medical education stages. Professional identity formation likely starts even earlier, during the undergraduate pre-medical years but, to date, no known scoping or systematic review has been conducted on this topic. The objective of this scoping review is to systematically map the literature on professional identity formation among undergraduate pre-medical students.MethodsThis review protocol has been designed following the Arksey and O’Malley framework. We will search MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus, as well as relevant grey literature, conference proceedings, and citations of selected articles. Inclusion criteria are articles (1) written in the English language, (2) involving undergraduate pre-medical students in the USA and Canada, and (3) containing original data about professional identity formation. Two independent reviewers will evaluate the titles, abstracts, and full articles for eligibility. A third reviewer will help resolve any disputes. Once the full text of articles are obtained, data will be abstracted using a standardized form. A narrative summary of findings will then be conducted, as well as a consultation exercise with university pre-medical students, pre-med advisors, and first-year medical students.DiscussionBy conducting this scoping review, we expect to gain a better understanding of how the experiences of undergraduate pre-medical students impact their professional identity formation. These findings will help to identify gaps in the literature, to better characterize professional identity formation in the specific context of the undergraduate pre-medical track, and to outline potential approaches to facilitate professional identity formation among undergraduate pre-medical students.Systematic review registrationThe protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework (htps://osf.io/nfzxc).

Exploring the Use of Lung Ultrasonography to Assess Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Scoping Review

Objective: Lung ultrasonography (LUS) is a safe, quick, and portable diagnostic tool, which can accurately detect postoperative pulmonary complications, postsurgically, without ionizing radiation. The aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence base regarding the use of LUS to assess cardiac surgery patients. Materials and Methods: The JBI methodology was used to conduct this particular scoping review. Results: In total, 90 publications were identified and of those, 73 were research studies, six were narrative reviews, and 11 were narrative, opinion, and text articles. The studies that were included were predominantly observational cohorts and aimed to determine or compare LUS diagnostic ability, prognostic ability, or both. The LUS methods used with patients were heterogeneous and variably reported. Conclusion: Despite an increasing number of studies since 2014, standardized protocols for the use of LUS are yet to be widely adopted and remain an important area for further work. Future research should consider exploring perceptions and experiences of LUS, the use of LUS in treatment outcome measurement, and use by nonphysician health care professionals.

Emergency Delirium Prevention with Dexmedetomidine in Pediatrics

Introduction: fecal Matter Transplantation is a method based on the administration of a processed and prepared fecal suspension from a healthy individual to another patient with the aim of restoring intestinal microbiota balance by manipulating the microbiota to the carrier of the specific disease with the goal of achieving its resolution. Objectives: to describe the scientific evidence on fecal microbiota transplantation strategies to restore intestinal balance and reduce Clostridium difficile infections. Material and methods: a Systematic Review of the literature was carried out, which will be governed according to PRISMA guidelines. The units of analysis will be abstracts and full text of articles with randomized clinical trial design or prospective or retrospective cohort, published in Scopus, Web of Science and Pubmed, without temporal restriction. Results: the systematic review indicates that dexmedetomidine shows promise in reducing the incidence of postoperative delirium, emergency delirium, and pain in various surgical populations. These findings have significant clinical implications, especially for elderly patients and children undergoing specific procedures. Dexmedetomidine's safety profile was generally acceptable, with no major adverse events reported. Conclutions: while the systematic review suggests that dexmedetomidine may offer benefits in preventing postoperative delirium and improving perioperative outcomes, further research is needed to establish optimal dosing, refine assessment methods, and explore its long-term effects. Dexmedetomidine holds promise as a valuable tool in pediatric and geriatric surgical settings, with the potential to enhance patient care and recovery.

Pragmatics of coloronyms in art spaces (based on the French and English languages)

This article considers formation and evolution vectors of lexical units belonging to the semantic field “Color” in English and French. The purpose of this study is to describe the functional status and pragmasemantic parameters of the color vocabulary in the French and Russian-speaking art space. The relevance of the presented work is due to the intensive transformation of the extralinguistic space today. We gain deeper knowledge of it and more complicated structure of this knowledge, which leads to the evolution of the language systems themselves whose vocabulary shows the most sensitive reactions and, consequently, the highest dynamics. The work is based on English and French dictionaries, as well as on the texts of special literature, articles, reviews and comments from users of specialized art sites and forums. The article clarifies the concept of a coloronym and provides the basic principles of color space standardization and related nominations. We establish the most significant functional trends that determine the emergence of new coloronyms. The article describes in detail the mechanisms of nomination in the diachronic aspect. Based on a detailed structural and historical analysis of lexical units, we draw conclusions about the productivity of certain types of human activities, which serve as a source of a significant number of coloronyms: traditionally it is the sphere of fashion, art, as well as craft, industry, medicine and travel. The study also reveals the growing role of extralinguistic factors in the current processes of color naming, highlighting the policy of world-famous organizations as a specific factor in the creation of new units.

Wikipedia as a tool for contemporary history of science: A case study on CRISPR.

Rapid developments and methodological divides hinder the study of how scientific knowledge accumulates, consolidates and transfers to the public sphere. Our work proposes using Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia, as a historiographical source for contemporary science. We chose the high-profile field of gene editing as our test case, performing a historical analysis of the English-language Wikipedia articles on CRISPR. Using a mixed-method approach, we qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed the CRISPR article's text, sections and references, alongside 50 affiliated articles. These, we found, documented the CRISPR field's maturation from a fundamental scientific discovery to a biotechnological revolution with vast social and cultural implications. We developed automated tools to support such research and demonstrated its applicability to two other scientific fields-coronavirus and circadian clocks. Our method utilizes Wikipedia as a digital and free archive, showing it can document the incremental growth of knowledge and the manner scientific research accumulates and translates into public discourse. Using Wikipedia in this manner compliments and overcomes some issues with contemporary histories and can also augment existing bibliometric research.

Strategies to improve hidden curriculum in nursing and medical education: a scoping review

BackgroundThe importance of hidden curriculum cannot be neglected in education. Despite much research in the field, there have been limited studies on HC improvement in nursing and medical education. This scoping review aimed to determine the scope of strategies to improve HC in nursing and medical education.MethodPubMed, EBSCO/Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Proquest and Persian-language databases of Magiran and SID were searched in January 2023 without a time filter. According to the PRISMA flow diagram, two independent reviewers selected the records that fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria via title and abstract screening. Next, the reviewers studied the full texts of the related articles. The data extracted from the selected articles were tabulated and ultimately synthesized.FindingsOut of the eight examined studies, published from 2017 to 2022, only one was in the field of nursing and seven were in medicine. The central strategies were implementing new curricula to replace the previous ones, utilizing team-based clinical clerkship, proposing a HC improvement model, implementation a case-based faculty development workshop, implementation longitudinal and comprehensive educational courses, and incorporating an educational activity into a small group program.ConclusionStudents and faculty members familiarization on the topic of HC, implementing new curricula, utilizing team-based clerkship, and using comprehensive models were among the HC improvement strategies. Focusing on upgrading the learning environment, particularly the clinical settings, can also be helpful in HC improvement.

Autophagy-targeted nanoparticles in breast carcinoma: A systematic review.

Breast cancer is a commonly known cancer type and the leading cause of cancer death among females. One of the unresolved problems in cancer treatment is the increased resistance of the tumor to existing treatments, which is a direct result of apoptotic defects. Calculating an alternative to cell death (autophagy) may be the ultimate solution to maximizing cancer cell death. Our aim in this study was to investigate the potential of free nanoparticles (un-drug-loaded) in the induction or inhibition of autophagy and consider this effect on the therapy process. When the studies met the inclusion criteria, the full texts of all relevant articles were carefully examined and classified. Of the 25 articles included in the analysis, carried out on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-231-TXSA, MDA-MB-468, SUM1315, and 4T1 cell lines. Twenty in vitro studies and fivein vivo/in vitro studies applied five different autophagy tests: Acridine orange, western blot, Cyto-ID Autophagy Detection Kit, confocal microscope, and quantitativepolymerase chain reaction. Nanoparticles(NPs) in the basic format, including Ag, Au, Y2 O3 , Se, ZnO, CuO, Al, Fe, vanadium pentoxide, and liposomes, were prepared in the included articles. Three behaviors of NPs related to autophagy were seen: induction, inhibition, and no action. Screened and presented data suggest that most of the involved free NPs (metallic NPs) in this systematic review had reactiveoxygenspecies-mediated pathways with autophagy induction (36%). Also, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways were mentioned in just four studies (16%). An impressive percentage of studies (31%) did not examine the NP-related autophagy pathway.

Management of Extravasation Injury in Infants: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials

Context: One of the common procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is the insertion of a venous catheter, and one of the most important and serious complications is extravasation, which is a leading cause of death in hospitalized infants. Based on the researcher’s experience in the NICU and the necessity of extravasation injury management in infants, this review study focused on extravasation injury management in infants. Methods: The literature was searched in ProQuest, Scopus, and PubMed databases using the terms “extravasation” OR “vascular leakage” OR “Peripheral Infiltration” AND “Neonatal” OR “Newborn” OR “Infants” OR “NICU.” The search procedure was performed in the title, abstract, and full text of articles published in English from 2000 to 2022. Results: In the initial search, 3414 articles were extracted. After removing the duplicates and searching the titles and abstracts of the articles, 132 related articles were found, and their full texts were studied. Finally, 20 articles entered the final analysis stage. Nine case report studies, five case series studies, three clinical trials, and three retrospective review studies were found. The results showed that various treatment methods are available, including elevating limbs, pain relief, hot and cold compresses, flush-out technique with saline, dressings (hydrocolloid, hydrogel, and hydrocellular foam), medications (2% nitroglycerin ointment and subcutaneous administration of hyaluronidase and phentolamine), and new methods such as amniotic membranes, omega-3-rich fish skin (Kerecis), active leptospermum honey (ALH), PRP, and surgical removal. Conclusions: Despite many medical advances, there is still no specific approach to managing extravasation in infants. The ideal approach to extravasation injuries is still to prevent them initially. The best next step is to minimize the damage using antidotes or hyaluronidase. Using saline to remove the solution and physically minimize damage can be useful. Thus, more studies are needed to address extravasation management in infants.

The Disappearing ‘Minimum Rights’ of Article 6 ECHR: the Unfortunate Legacy of Ibrahim and Beuze

Abstract This article critiques the European Court of Human Rights’ recent extensive case law on the right to a fair trial under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), and particularly the right to legal assistance in criminal trials. The article examines the significant and ongoing impact of the judgments in Ibrahim (2016) and Beuze (2018) and argues that the recent case law reflects buyer’s remorse on the part of the Court for its landmark judgment in Salduz (2008). Article 6 is among the most heavily litigated provisions of the ECHR, and this article is the first extended scholarly analysis of the post-Beuze case law. The article identifies two interrelated trends in the most recent case law: first, the Court taking a number of analytical steps that allow it to overlook the text of Article 6(3) in favour of an impressionistic assessment of the overall fairness of the proceedings; and, second, the Court providing Governments with multiple opportunities to advance public interest justification arguments despite continued pronouncements that Article 6 is an unqualified right. The article suggests that the jurisprudence is weakening the Article 6 guarantees.

Method and models for sentiment analysis and hidden propaganda finding

The paper describes the method and system architecture for the intellectual analysis of text and emotions to support decision-making in the field of national security and defense. Considering the latest events in the world, mass media are becoming a powerful tool for manipulating public consciousness and promoting the interests of one country over another. The article describes the methodology of collecting historical articles from a website, analyzing peak news outbreaks, and analyzing each article's text. The morphological tagging and named-entity recognition as the core of natural language processing was described. A hybrid method based on learning rules and an ensemble of machine learning methods has been developed for sentiment analysis and covert propaganda. The proposed rule-based model allows choosing the class-based lexical approach or on collected dictionaries. The combination of the methods based on dictionaries and rules with the ensemble of machine learning models are developed. The developed stacking model combines weak classifiers and deformed meta-attributes based on the results of pairwise multiplication. Finally, the distorted features are used together with the training dataset in the meta-model. This combination avoids the correlation of the results of weak classifiers and increases the generalizability of the model. The proposed approach demonstrates high accuracy and usage for Russian and Ukrainian languages. The developed method is built on Chambers's proposal. As a result of the analysis, the manipulation of public consciousness and the number of negative articles about the two countries are determined. The results of the check give us reason to consider the information spread by the media to be manipulative.

재건축사업구역 내 임대차관계에 대한 도시정비법의 규율과 법적 쟁점 검토

The text of Article 81, Paragraph 1 of the 「Urban and Residential Environment Improvement Act」 (provision for suspension of use and profit) suspends the right of use and profit of the lessee in the reconstruction project area until the date of notification of transfer when there is a notice of management and disposal plan approval. On April 23, 2020, the Constitutional Court decided that compensation for reconstruction tenants could be resolved by lease contracts with landlords, that is, private autonomy, and therefore, provision for the suspension of use and profit did not violate the proportional principle.
 According to private law regulations such as the Housing Lease Protection Act and related regulations of the Urban Improvement Act, the redevelopment and reconstruction project may be a reason for refusal to renew the lease contract, but it is interpreted that the landlord, the owner of the building, cannot terminate the lease unilaterally. For the rapid progress of the maintenance project, the lease contract needs to be terminated in the middle, but for this purpose, the lease contract must include a special contract for the expiration of the lease right and transfer of the lease, or the lease contract must be terminated by agreement.
 However, the suspension of use and profit clause suspends the tenant's right to use and benefit, regardless of whether the lease contract between the lessor and the lessee has been terminated by private autonomy. The reconstruction project is basically a private-led maintenance project and is not a project with strong public interest and publicity like the redevelopment project. Nevertheless, uniformly suspending the use and profit of tenants for the progress of the reconstruction project violates the principle of minimal infringement. Moreover, considering the characteristics of real estate leases, which are the basis for housing and livelihood, it would be said to violate the principle of balance of legal interests. For the benefit of the project operator, if the method of resolving the lease relationship through private autonomy is excluded and the lease right is forcibly lost, it is balanced to systematically stipulate compensation measures for the tenant.
 Compensation measures that must respond to complex and diverse lease relationships need to be flexible. The level of compensation does not have to be the same as the redevelopment tenant, and it can be adjusted.

Outcomes of Four in One Osteosynthesis in the treatment of Congenital Tibial Pseudarthrosis: A Systematic Review

Background CPT has a natural history of recalcitrant nonunion, bone atrophy, progressive LLD and deformity, and persistent refracture even after surgical union. Aim of the Work The aim of treatment for CPT is to achieve and sustain union. Methodology Studies were considered eligible if the authors described the surgical procedure of tibial pseudarthrosis, patient‘s clinical and/or functional outcomes were reported, any complications intraoperatively and post-operatively were reported, the full- text articles were available, and the articles were written in English. The MED-LINE database, PubMed, science direct, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trails (The Cochrane Library), and Google Scholar were searched upon using the following keyword: congenital tibial pseudarthrosis, CPT, tibiofibular fusion, tibiofibular osteosynthesis, four in one osteosynthesis, tibia and fibula one mass fusion, Paley x method, and cross union. Results The cumulative data extracted provided 96 patients in 6 papers of which 60% were male and the other 40 % were females. The mean age was around 4.1 Years ranging from the first year till nearly eleven years old and the mean follow up was around 4.1 Years. The percentage of patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 was 53.13 % and 41.1 % had previous surgical intervention. All studies have mentioned that cross sectional area of healing mass increased and the relative crosssectional area was large in comparison to proximal shaft or proximal metaphysis. Unfortunately, no single method of assessing the cross-sectional area and relative cross-sectional area were used by different authors. Conclusion According to the findings of our research, cross sectional area is the most important factor in preventing refracture. New technology and therapeutics will emerge as new pharmacologic therapeutics and a deeper understanding of this disease emerge. Meanwhile, the best current combination treatment for CPT is hamartoma resection, periosteal grafting, bone grafting, Cross union, internal rodding, external fixation, tibiofibular Cross union, BMP, and bisphosphonate.

Media presentation of hospital discharge to care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeAt the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic the United Kingdom Government implemented a policy to rapid discharge hospital patients into care homes. This study aimed to examine how the media in the United Kingdom portrayed hospital discharge to care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThis study was a qualitative document analysis. Four sources (Daily Mail, The Independent, The Guardian and BBC News) were selected to represent political orientations encompassing right-wing, centrist and left-wing perspectives, and were searched for mention of hospital discharge, care homes and Covid-19 pandemic between 1st January 2020 and 24th February 2022. Article text was copied verbatim into Microsoft Word documents prior to analysis. Data were thematically analysed, followed by coding the sentiment in the included articles as well as coding the sentiment of themes and sub-themes.FindingsOf 722 identified articles, 133 were eligible for inclusion as the final corpus. Data represented a moralistic narrative consisting of four themes: (1) Government as villain, (2) care homes as antiheroes, (3) patients as ideal victims and (4) moral outcomes. Most of the corpus had a negative sentiment (78.1%). One theme, moral outcomes, had considerably more positive sentiment (32.4%) than others (range 15.1%–21.9%).Originality/valueA moralistic argument for improving cross-boundary interactions between health and social care services is provided, and the media can play a role pushing cross-boundary working higher up the policy agenda. Future work should examine how direct stakeholders, including those working in healthcare and care home settings, perceived the discharge policy.

The legitimacy of the Security Council in the humanitarian step in Syria

The international humanitarian intervention in Syria portrays the protection of civilians in armed conflicts and the overall international humanitarian law, especially the concerns of the security council which aims to reduce human rights violations suffered by the Syrian people. The difference between the definitions is that there are multiple reasons for maintaining international peace and security or humanitarian reasons that is, excessive violence against civilians and subsequent arbitrary arrests mass killings and displacement. Supporters and opponents have different views on international humanitarian intervention. As for the increase of the suffering of the Syrian people the security council is left with the problematic presence of coercion that limits the international humanitarian intervention, especially the sovereignty of the state and under the internal jurisdiction of the hand, and justifies the exclusion contained in the text of article 2/7 of the UN charter, which authorized intervention under chapter VII of the order to alleviate the suffering of the Syrian people as aresult of human rights violations.

Compensation for Variable Damage In the Jordanian Civil Code

The study dealt with compensation for variable damage by clarifying the concept of variable damage and displaying its forms, in addition to indicating the types of variable damage, the factors affecting the estimation of compensation for variable damage, and the influencing factors either related to the victim's health condition or an error made by him, or related to the severity of the error of the person responsible for the damage. The study also showed the time of estimating compensation for variable damage, and the change of damage after the issuance of the final judgment. The study concluded several results, the most important of which is that the most appropriate compensation for the change in damage after the issuance of the final judgment is to be in the form of a regular income so that this form accommodates the change in the damage in case of exacerbation or decrease. The study concluded that it is necessary to amend the text of Article (363) of Jordanian Civil Code, which specifies the time for determining the value of damage at the time of its occurrence and not at the time of issuing final judgment, in addition to the need to add an explicit legal provision in Jordanian Civil Law that explicitly states that the judge takes the circumstances into account when estimating damage compensation .

Patterns and purposes in the uses and misuses of the term ‘critical thinking’ in the social sciences

AbstractThis article analyses the uses and representations of the term “critical thinking” in the social science literature, based on a qualitative content analysis of titles, abstracts and keywords retrieved from the SCOPUS database for Germany, France and Russia over the last two decades. Our analysis focuses on how the use of the term “critical thinking” has increased over time, in which contexts the term is used and in which part of article texts it is used. Our findings are counterintuitive on several levels. First, the term “critical thinking” is seldom used in a pluri‐disciplinary context. More commonly, it is used within specific discourses—notably education. Second, we found that it is mainly used instrumentally, rather than analytically. Third, most of the articles that use the term do not engage in actual critical analysis. There are also important geographic variation in the use of the term. In articles from Germany and Russia the term is used in similar ways—and differently in France. These nuances are difficult to analyse however, due to the different topics addressed, as well as author preferences. The use of the term “critical thinking” is diverse; indeed, at times weak and paradoxical. Finally, we discuss how editorial policy in academic journals possibly influences the discourse on critical thinking.

Twenty years of Prospects in Pharmaceutical Sciences: recent changes

Prospects in Pharmaceutical Sciences (fka. Bulletin of the Faculty of Pharmacy of the Medical University of Warsaw) is an open access scientific journal, published since 2003 as a quarterly by the Medical University of Warsaw. Prospects in Pharmaceutical Sciences offers immediate Open Access to its publications, permitting any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, free of any charge. The journal does not charge authors fees for submission, editorial process, APC or any other fees. Prospects in Pharmaceutical Sciences is free for both authors and readers. This year we mark its 20th anniversary. Here we present recent changes in the official Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy of the Medical University of Warsaw.

GENA: A knowledge graph for nutrition and mental health

While a large number of knowledge graphs have previously been developed by automatically extracting and structuring knowledge from literature, there is currently no such knowledge graph that encodes relationships between food, biochemicals and mental illnesses, even though a large amount of knowledge about these relationships is available in the form of unstructured text in biomedical literature articles. To address this limitation, this article describes the development of GENA - (Graph of mEntal-health and Nutrition Association), a knowledge graph that represents relations between nutrition and mental health, extracted from biomedical abstracts.GENA is constructed from PubMed abstracts that contain keywords relating to chemicals, food, and health. A hybrid named entity recognition (NER) model is firstly applied to these abstracts to identify various entities of interest. Subsequently, a deep syntax-based relation extraction model is used to detect binary relations between the identified entities. Finally, the resulting relations are used to populate the GENA knowledge graph, whose relationships can be accessed in an intuitive and interpretable manner using the Neo4J Database Management System.To evaluate the reliability of GENA, two annotators manually assessed a subset of the extracted relations. The evaluation results show that our methods obtain high precision for the NER task and acceptable precision and relative recall for the relation extraction task. GENA consists of 43,367 relationships that encode information about nutrition and health, of which 94.04% are new relations that are not present in existing ontologies of food and diseases.GENA is constructed based on scientific principles, and has the potential to be used within further applications to contribute towards scientific research within the domain. It is a pioneering knowledge graph in nutrition and mental health, containing a diverse range of relationship types. All of our source code and results are publicly available at https://github.com/ddlinh/gena-db.