Texas USA Research Articles

EMS Clinicians in the West Texas Area Frequently Encounter Firearms During Patient Assessments with Limited Gun Safety Training

Introduction - Firearms are commonly encountered in the prehospital setting, sometimes with devastating consequences. However, the frequency with which EMS workers find and handle firearms when evaluating patients in the field and the firearm safety training they have received remains largely unstudied. Objectives - We sought to answer the following questions: 1) How frequently do EMS personnel in West Texas and Southern New Mexico USA encounter and handle firearms when caring for patients? 2) How many of these clinicians are aware of agency policy or have received agency training in the safe handling of firearms? 3) Do these clinicians support integrating firearm training into the EMS curriculum? Methods - In this observational, cross-sectional study, a survey evaluating weapon and firearm encounters, confidence handling firearms, and formal firearms training was distributed to EMS providers in West Texas and Southern New Mexico between July 1, 2022, and January 1, 2023. Results - Two hundred forty-seven out of a potential 609 EMS clinicians completed the online survey, representing a 41% response rate. Among respondents, 61% reported encountering firearms at least once per year. These firearms were handled by EMS personnel over a quarter of the time. Sixty-eight percent of prehospital providers were unaware of any agency policy regarding handling firearms. Despite broad personal experience with firearms, 90% of respondents received no agency training in gun safety. Eighty-seven percent of providers reported they would attend an agency training course on firearm safety, and 95% indicated that this topic should be added to the EMS curriculum. Conclusion - EMS personnel in West Texas and Southern New Mexico routinely encounter and handle guns despite minimal agency firearm safety training. This initial study may demonstrate a potential need for introducing firearm safety didactics and training into the EMS curriculum, and the need for additional research.

12255 Brain GFRAL Signaling Mediates Chemotherapy-Induced Fatigue And Cognitive Impairment In Mice

Abstract Disclosure: R. Dantzer: None. Brain GFRAL Signaling Mediates Chemotherapy-Induced Fatigue and Cognitive Impairment in Mice Brandon Chelette, PhD, Anand Singh, PhD, Robert Dantzer, DVM, PhDDept. of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA Fatigue and cognitive impairments are commonly reported by cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The mechanisms of these neurotoxicities are still obscure. We hypothesize that they are mediated by mitokines that are released by cells undergoing mitochondrial stress in response to chemotherapy. For the present study, we have focused on growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) which acts in the brain by activating its receptor, GDNF family receptor alpha-like (GFRAL). Chemotherapy-induced fatigue was assessed by reduced voluntary wheel running. Cognitive impairment was assessed by altered performance in the Puzzle Box Test that measures executive function. We first checked whether commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs can induce GDF15. Mice were injected with cisplatin, paclitaxel, or bortezomib, and their effects on plasma levels of GDF15 were measured 24 h after (ELISA). Cisplatin was used in the following experiments in the form of one or two cycles of daily injections for five days with a rest of five days between cycles. To determine whether GFRAL mediates the effects of cisplatin on wheel running and performance in the puzzle box, mice were injected with a neutralizing antibody targeted to GFRAL (GFRALna) during or after cisplatin treatment. All studies were carried out in male and female C57BL/6 J mice using a 2 (+ chemotherapy) x 2 (+ GFRALna) factorial design with a minimum of 6 mice/group. Mitochondrial dysfunction was measured via Seahorse XF Analyzer Mito Stress Test. To determine whether activation of the GDF15/GFRAL axis recruits a central GDF15 compartment, Gdf15 mRNA was measured by qRT-PCR in the brain parenchyma, meninges, and choroid plexus. All the chemotherapeutic agents we tested induced statistically significant increases in circulating GDF15. GFRALna administered during cisplatin treatment (prevention) or after completion of cisplatin treatment (cure) abrogated cisplatin-induced decrease in wheel running and the deficit displayed by cisplatin-treated mice in the first hard trial run in the puzzle box. GFRALna also blocked the decrease in maximal oxygen consumption rate of mitochondrial in synaptosomes from cisplatin-treated mice. Cisplatin did not induce Gdf15 mRNA in the brain parenchyma but increased its expression in the meninges and choroid plexus. Although the role of this GDF15 brain compartment in the neurotoxicity of cisplatin remains to be determined, the present findings can be interpreted to suggest that GDF15-GFRAL signaling represents a new target for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced fatigue and cognitive impairment. Count: 2,246 characters Presentation: 6/1/2024

Estimating the Role of Uninsured in the Spread of COVID-19 via Geospatial Bayesian Models

In this article, we develop and use several geospatial models to estimate the effects of health insurance status and vaccination coverage in the spread of COVID-19. We focus on COVID-19 related mortality, infection, and fatality rates as health outcomes. Utilizing these existing methods an analysis is conducted at the national level using data for every county in the United States, then a case is formed with analyses where the counties are restricted to those within Texas and Mid USA, which includes Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas. The main goal of this study is to investigate how different factors, such as vaccination status, socioeconomic status including insurance, and geographic location, may have affected the geospatial spread of COVID-19 pandemic and related health outcomes. Results show that the percentage of the senior population, the vaccination rate and the uninsured percentage are the most important variables for predicting infection rates and the fatality rates, while the overall social vulnerability index has a huge impact on mortality rates and infection rates. Our analyses can shed light on the impact of health insurance status and inform policy makers regarding the importance of health insurance coverage.

Decolonizing internal and external borders: Reflections on therapeutic engagements with asylum seekers

The cycles of disenfranchisement experienced by asylum seekers ordered by the United States of America to remain in the United Mexican States have been well documented by scholars and activists. Along the US/Mexico border zone, supports for asylum seekers are essentially non-existent, leaving them to seek shelter, sustenance, and safety completely on their own once they are returned to Mexican border cities to wait an indeterminate amount of time for their immigration court hearings. This article explores the reflections of expressive art therapies graduate students enrolled in a course which took place in El Paso, Texas USA, and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, in partnership with various shelters, community leaders/activists, artists, directors of nonprofits, and government officials. Through experiential engagement, the course, called The In-Between Space, interrogated the dynamics and intersectionality of poverty, race, class, and trauma through a historical lens and dissected the systems of colonialism by analyzing and critiquing oppressive practices within students’ personal spheres, educational context, and therapeutic profession.

Modeling hypersalinity caused by evaporation and surface–subsurface exchange in a coastal marsh

A coupled surface water and variably-saturated groundwater model is developed for a coastal salt marsh (Nueces Delta, Texas USA). To evaluate the relative impacts of common model simplifications, the new model is compared against a prior salinity transport model that neglects evaporation and groundwater coupling. Both marsh-scale (at coarse grid resolution) and bank-scale (at fine grid resolution) simulations are used to examine the flux mechanisms in the intertidal zone where soil-moisture evaporation and groundwater fluxes contribute to hypersalinity. New numerical methods provide the groundwater–surface water coupling mechanisms necessary for practical marsh-scale simulations using the two-dimensional (2D) Shallow Water Equations for surface water and the density-dependent 3D Richards equation for groundwater. An asynchronous surface–subsurface coupling scheme is shown to significantly reduce the computational cost of marsh-scale simulations. Comparison of marsh-scale and bank-scale results indicates that a coarse model grid can represent the mechanisms of surface/subsurface salinity flux in the intertidal zone, but likely misrepresents the inundation effects of topography smaller than the model grid. Due to relatively weak tidal amplitudes at the study site, surface-water evaporation is a stronger driver of hypersalinity than surface–subsurface exchange induced by soil-moisture evaporation. The combination of evaporation and groundwater exchange creates small hypersalinity “hot spots” that do not appear in the simulations neglecting these processes. However, including these processes has only a marginal impact on comparisons with field data previously collected in the marsh. Both types of simulations have good agreement for surface-water volumetric transport (as evidenced by water surface levels), but the remaining model-field disagreement in salinity appears to be dominated by biases in salinity transport for oscillatory (tidal, wind-driven) fluxes through narrow channels.

Reconstructing the microbrewery taproom experiencescape through narratives in online travel reviews: A case from Houston, Texas USA

The number of craft breweries on the American landscape has grown exponentially over the past several decades. The literature on craft beer and beer tourism has grown accordingly. Yet, visitors’ experience of the craft brewery taproom remains an under-examined aspect of this literature. O’Dell (2005 ) proposed the idea of examining the landscapes of experiences, or experiencescapes, including the physical and social spaces that allow for the co-creation of experiences. The concept has increasingly been used to examine culinary, gastronomic, and wine tourism experiences. Thus, this exploratory study begins to address the gap in the craft beer and beer tourism literature by reconstructing the experiencescape of craft brewery taprooms from visitor narratives in online travel reviews for microbreweries and taproom breweries in Houston, Texas (USA). The study employs thematic narrative analysis to identify the components of the physical and social environments of the brewery taproom that comprise the experiencescape and contribute to positive, memorable experiences. Findings indicate that consuming the craft beer product is only one part of the taproom experiencescape; breweries must consider the taproom experience holistically. Opportunities exist to facilitate a more conscious experiencescape design to engage visitors’ senses for more immersive and memorable experiences.

Regional Drivers of Stream Chemical Behavior: Leveraging Lithology, Land Use, and Climate Gradients Across the Colorado River, Texas USA

AbstractUnderstanding relationships between stream chemistry and watershed factors: land use/land cover, climate, and lithology are crucial to improving our knowledge of critical zone processes that influence water quality. We compiled major ion data from >100 monitoring stations collected over 60 years (1958–2018) across the Colorado River Watershed in Texas (103,000 km2). We paired this river chemistry data with complementary lithology, land use, climate, and stream discharge information. Machine learning techniques were used to produce new insights on controls of stream water chemical behavior, which were validated using traditional multivariate analyses. Studies on stream flow and chemistry in the American west and globally have shown strong relationships between major ion chemical composition, climate, and lithology which hold true for the Colorado River basin in this study. Reactive minerals, including carbonates and evaporites, dominate major ion chemistry across the upper, low‐precipitation regions of the watershed. Upstream and middle reaches of the Colorado River showed shifts from Na‐Cl‐SO4 dominated water from multiple sources including dissolution of gypsum and halite in shallow groundwater, and agricultural activities, to Ca‐HCO3 water types controlled by carbonate dissolution. In the lower portion of the watershed multiple analyses demonstrate that stream chemistry is more influenced by greater precipitation and the presence of silicate minerals than the middle and upstream reaches. This study demonstrates the power of applying machine learning approaches to publicly available long term water chemistry data sets to improve the understanding of watershed interactions with surficial lithology, salinity sources, and anthropogenic influences of water quality.

Improvised bubble continuous positive airway pressure ventilation use in neonates in resource-limited settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

In the face of limited fiscal and technical resources, improvised methods have been used to provide effective and sustainable ventilatory support in low-resource settings to reduce neonatal mortality associated with respiratory complications. This study assessed the use of improvised bubble continuous positive airway pressure (ibCPAP) ventilation among neonates with respiratory complications and determined its effect on neonatal outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Hospital-based studies conducted between 2010 and 2020 in LMICs were reviewed. Rayyan® software forsystematic review was used for screening and article selection. We used Stata® Statacorp Texas USA software to estimate pooled prevalence, proportion estimates, weighted mean differences and 95% Confidence Interval (CI), using the random effects model. A total of 193 articles were generated and 125 were reviewed. Thirteen articles with 806 neonates on ibCPAP ventilation were included. The pooled prevalence of ibCPAP use was 7.0% (95% CI: 3.0%-13.0%). There was a significant difference in mean oxygen saturation before and after ibCPAP use (-1.34% [95% CI:-1.65% to-1.02%, p<0.01). The duration of oxygen requirement among neonates on ibCPAP was 6.5hours less than controls (0.27days [95%CI:-0.49 to-0.05, p<0.01). IbCPAP had no effect on the respiratory rate, duration of admission, mortality and survival. IbCPAP use in LMIC hospitals is low and its use improved oxygen saturation and duration on oxygen among the neonates, but had no impact on length of stay, respiratory rate, mortality or survival.

Administrative and Educational Characteristics of Paramedic Programs in the United States.

Paramedics are a vital component of the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) workforce and the United States health care system. The continued provision of high-quality care demands constantly improving education at accredited institutions. To date, only limited characteristics of paramedic education in the United States have been documented and studied in the literature. The objective of this study was to describe the educational infrastructure of accredited paramedic programs in the United States in 2018. This is a retrospective, cross-sectional evaluation of the 2018 paramedic program annual report from The Committee on Accreditation of Educational Programs for the EMS Professions (CoAEMSP; Rowlett, Texas USA). The dataset includes detailed program metrics. Additionally, questions concerning program characteristics, demographics, and resources were asked as part of the evaluation. Resource availability was assessed via the Resource Assessment Matrix (RAM) with a benchmark of 80%. Included in the analysis are all paramedic programs with students enrolled. Descriptive statistics were calculated (median, [interquartile range/IQR]). A total of 677 programs submitted data (100% response rate). Of these, 626 met inclusion criteria, totaling 17,422 students. Program annual enrollment varied greatly from one to 362 with most programs having small sizes (18 students [IQR 12-30]). Program duration was 12 months [IQR 12-16] with total hours of instruction being approximately 1,174 [IQR 1069-1304], 19% of which were dedicated to clinical experience. Full-time faculty sizes were small (two faculty members [IQR 1-3]) with most programs (80%) having annual operating budgets below USD$500,000. For programs with an annual budget below USD$100,000 (34% of programs), annual enrollment was approximately 14 students [IQR 9-21]. Degrees conferred by programs included certificates (90%), associate degrees (55%), and bachelor's degree (2%). Simulation access was assessed with nearly all (100%) programs reporting simple task trainers and 84% of programs investing in advanced simulation manikins. Seventy-eight percent of programs met the RAM benchmark. Most paramedic educational programs in the United States have small annual enrollments with low numbers of dedicated faculty and confer certificates and associate degrees. Nearly one-quarter of paramedic educational programs are not adequately resourced. This study is limited by self-reported data to the national accreditation agency. Future work is needed to identify program characteristics that are associated with high performance.

Projected impact of sea-level rise and urbanization on mottled duck (Anas fulvigula) habitat along the Gulf Coast of Louisiana and Texas through 2100

Coastal wetlands along the Gulf of Mexico support a wide diversity of wildlife, are important nurseries for sport and commercial fisheries, provide erosion and flood control, and serve many other ecological functions and services. These marshes have been declining in area and degrading at alarming rates since the 1930s. Effective conservation planning is vital to protect these ecosystems, but decision makers often lack knowledge of expected future conditions to strategically target conservation actions. To address this issue, we focus on a species of conservation concern, the mottled duck (Anas fulvigula), that resides year-round in the coastal marshes of the Gulf of Mexico. We used location data collected from radiomarked hen mottled ducks from 2006 to 2011 to create an ensemble model of habitat selection for 2010. We then projected future habitat states using models of sea-level rise and human development. By combining future predictions with our ensemble model, we predict future habitat for mottled ducks through 2100, in 20-year time steps beginning with 2020. Sea-level rise models predicted reductions in coastal marsh habitats and our ensemble model predict corresponding declines in overall habitat quantity and quality for mottled ducks, with the largest rate of habitat loss predicted within the Chenier Plain of Louisiana, USA at 71%. In some areas, particularly the Texas Mid-Coast, USA, future urbanization and human development is expected to reduce the ability of wetland habitat to migrate inland with rising sea-levels. Our results also highlight areas of coastal marsh particularly vulnerable to sea-level rise; and conversely, identify areas most likely to persist into the future that could be targeted for habitat conservation to help mottled ducks persist on the landscape.

Editorial introductions.

Editorial introductions.

Outcome of asymptomatic patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA reverse transcriptase-PCR undergoing surgery: A matched cohort study.

Outcome of asymptomatic patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA reverse transcriptase-PCR undergoing surgery: A matched cohort study.

The fate of groundwater: a lawyer’s point of view

The study of the provisions of various branches of Russian law and practice of law enforcement (judicial), which in different ways express the complex legal status of subterranean water bodies. During the study process of the considered question the following general and private methods of scientific cognition of the real and objective reality were applied: dialectical, logical and legal, statistical, system analysis, specific sociological, and professional methods of research. The peculiarity of the authors’ methodology is the use of data of natural science, as well as data of economic or technical properties, based on which legal ideas are developed. The comparative legal method of research is applied. The authors have analyzed, summarized, and synthesized the main approaches to the legal regulation of relations concerning groundwaters. The main provisions and proposals are compared with the domestic legislation and European Union law, its individual members (for example, Croatia). The example of the law of the state of Texas USA is given. Step by step, the legal status for the use and protection of subterranean water bodies has evolved into a qualitatively new phenomenon that absorbs all previous legal approaches and principles.

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William John Haugen (Bill) Light (Fig. 1) was born on 05 January 1938 in Waco, McLennan County, Texas USA, and died on 18 January 2020 in Marietta, Georgia, at the age of 82. He was buried in the Georgia National Cemetery, Canton, GA. As an infant, he was adopted by Col. Orin Haugen and his wife Marion Sargent. Colonel Haugen died in February 1945 at the battle for Manilla in the Philippines in World War II. Later, upon Marion’s remarriage, Bill’s surname was changed to Light. Bill’s mother Marion passed away in 1969.

Особенности наследования в штате Техас

The article discusses the laws of inheritance in the state of Texas USA, describes in detail the issues of inheritance and the inheritance of ownership in case of death of one spouse in the presence of a will or in the absence thereof. The government of Texas divides the property held by a married couple into common and separate property, which determines some features in its inheritance, which are described in the article. It is worth noting that the laws governing the order of inheritance in Texas are quite detailed and include a detailed procedure for implementing the procedure in question. The state does not collect taxes on inheritance. However, if the deceased did not leave a will, then there may be difficulties with entering into the inheritance. In this regard, the article pays special attention to the hereditary rights of children, brothers, sisters, parents and other family members in the event of the death of one of the spouses

Societal awareness on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Early recognition of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is essential for prevention of bilirubin neurotoxicity and its long-term sequelae. High rates of home delivery in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as well as early discharge post-delivery (within 24hours) make community surveillance for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia highly important. Here, we performed a literature review to estimate the level of societal awareness of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. We searched several databases for studies assessing the knowledge and awareness of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. We retrieved 211 citations from 206 databases with five being in the grey literature. 52 selected articles were further reviewed. Data from these studies were then analyzed using Stata software (Statacorp® LLC Texas USA). We found that the pooled estimate of societal awareness of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was 67% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 60, 74). There however was a publication bias (Begg test: P ≤ 0.01; Egger P = 0.06). Studies that scored or graded knowledge reported lower estimates [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = -0.17; 95% CI: -0.32–0.02; P = 0.03]. Hospital location was an important determinant of awareness of complications [aOR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.30–0.57; P = 0.03]. We therefore concluded that there is a significant need to improve societal awareness of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

Editorial introductions

Editorial introductions

Predoctoral periodontal education and COVID-19: Challenges, actions, and learned lessons.

Journal of Dental EducationVolume 85, Issue S1 p. 946-947 ADVANCING THROUGH INNOVATION Predoctoral periodontal education and COVID-19: Challenges, actions, and learned lessons Karo Parsegian, Corresponding Author Karo Parsegian [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-5440-6036 Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas USA Correspondence Dr. Karo Parsegian, Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, Suite 6424, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorSrinivas Ayilavarapu, Srinivas Ayilavarapu Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas USASearch for more papers by this authorAmity L. Gardner, Amity L. Gardner Department of General Practice and Dental Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas USASearch for more papers by this authorNikola Angelov, Nikola Angelov Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas USASearch for more papers by this author Karo Parsegian, Corresponding Author Karo Parsegian [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-5440-6036 Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas USA Correspondence Dr. Karo Parsegian, Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, Suite 6424, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorSrinivas Ayilavarapu, Srinivas Ayilavarapu Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas USASearch for more papers by this authorAmity L. Gardner, Amity L. Gardner Department of General Practice and Dental Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas USASearch for more papers by this authorNikola Angelov, Nikola Angelov Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 04 October 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12451Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume85, IssueS1Supplement: Advancing Through Innovation in a Challenging TimeJune 2021Pages 946-947 This article also appears in:Advancing Through Innovation in a Challenging Time RelatedInformation

Adjustments of Socially Vulnerable Populations in Galveston County, Texas USA Following Hurricane Ike

The role of socio-demographic vulnerability to hazards is an increasingly important aspect for consideration in disaster mitigation and adaptation. This paper examines the spatial adjustments of populations to the 2008 Hurricane Ike by estimating the effects of damage on the changes of socially vulnerable populations pre- and post-Hurricane Ike. Multivariate regression models are used to understand household-level adjustments in different flood zones and inundation levels at the block-group level in Galveston county. In contrast to past literature that suggests that vulnerable populations remain or move into hazardous areas post-disaster, our results indicate that socially vulnerable populations have moved out of highly damaged areas. The tremendous investment opportunity post-disaster and the slow distribution of funds to recover public housing on Galveston Island provide potential explanation of the estimated adjustment patterns. Analyzing post disaster adjustments offers important insights into the “resilient” recovery of Galveston County post-Hurricane Ike. Our results also point to potential vulnerabilities that may arise in the future because of the change in community identity and the loss of social memory. Understanding disaster-driven changes in community make-up will help inform potential recovery trajectories from future catastrophes.

Ability of Critical Care Medics to Confirm Endotracheal Tube Placement by Ultrasound.

The Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) guidelines were recently updated to include ultrasound confirmation of endotracheal tube (ETT) location as an adjunctive tool to verify placement. While this method is employed in the emergency department under the guidance of the most recent American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP; Irving, Texas USA) guidelines, it has yet to gain wide acceptance in the prehospital setting where it has the potential for greater impact. The objective of this study to is determine if training critical care medics using simulation was a feasible and reliable method to learn this skill. Twenty critical care paramedics with no previous experience with point-of-care ultrasound volunteered for advanced training in prehospital ultrasound. Four ultrasound fellowship trained emergency physicians proctored two three-hour training sessions. Each session included a brief introduction to ultrasound "knobology," normal sonographic neck and lung anatomy, and how to identify ETT placement within the trachea or esophagus. Immediately following this, the paramedics were tested with five simulated case scenarios using pre-obtained images that demonstrated a correctly placed ETT, an esophageal intubation, a bronchial intubation, and an improperly functioning ETT. Their accuracy, length of time to respond, and comfort with using ultrasound were all assessed. All 20 critical care medics completed the training and testing session. During the five scenarios, 37/40 (92.5%) identified the correct endotracheal placements, 18/20 (90.0%) identified the esophageal intubations, 18/20 (90.0%) identified the bronchial intubation, and 20/20 (100.0%) identified the ETT malfunctions correctly. The average time to diagnosis was 10.6 seconds for proper placement, 15.5 seconds for esophageal, 15.6 seconds for bronchial intubation, and 11.8 seconds for ETT malfunction. The use of ultrasound to confirm ETT placement can be effectively taught to critical care medics using a short, simulation-based training session. Further studies on implementation into patient care scenarios are needed.