Abstract
The role of socio-demographic vulnerability to hazards is an increasingly important aspect for consideration in disaster mitigation and adaptation. This paper examines the spatial adjustments of populations to the 2008 Hurricane Ike by estimating the effects of damage on the changes of socially vulnerable populations pre- and post-Hurricane Ike. Multivariate regression models are used to understand household-level adjustments in different flood zones and inundation levels at the block-group level in Galveston county. In contrast to past literature that suggests that vulnerable populations remain or move into hazardous areas post-disaster, our results indicate that socially vulnerable populations have moved out of highly damaged areas. The tremendous investment opportunity post-disaster and the slow distribution of funds to recover public housing on Galveston Island provide potential explanation of the estimated adjustment patterns. Analyzing post disaster adjustments offers important insights into the “resilient” recovery of Galveston County post-Hurricane Ike. Our results also point to potential vulnerabilities that may arise in the future because of the change in community identity and the loss of social memory. Understanding disaster-driven changes in community make-up will help inform potential recovery trajectories from future catastrophes.
Highlights
Floods are the most persistent and costly hazards that impact almost all parts of the United States [1], and are expected to become more frequent and damaging with the on-going climate change and resultant sea level rise [2]
We examine the spatial and temporal adjustment patterns to the destruction wrought by the 2008 Hurricane Ike among vulnerable segments of the population residing in Galveston County, Texas
The variables used in the construction of the Social Vulnerability index (SV) included block group level percentages for female population, female-headed households, renters, population with no vehicle, population under 5 years old, population 65 and older, unemployed population, population receiving social security income, percent with less than a high school degree, and percentage of the population living in mobile homes
Summary
Floods are the most persistent and costly hazards that impact almost all parts of the United States [1], and are expected to become more frequent and damaging with the on-going climate change and resultant sea level rise [2]. Their threats are felt in low-lying coastal areas, where a large number of the population resides, and some of the most valuable economic assets are at risk [3]. The better understanding of these drivers will inform public policy pertinent to future disaster management and planning
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