Tetrahydrofuran Water Research Articles

Hydrogen bonding and surface tension properties of aqueous solutions of tetrahydrofuran

Significant changes observed in the tetrahydrofuran—water mixtures of different molar ratios have been determined the extent of intermolecular association via quantitative Raman experiment. The hydrogen bonding changes with the addition of tetrahydrofuran. The changes of surface tension are analyzed with hydrogen bonding in the mixtures. The result shows that the strengthening of hydrogen bonding between tetrahydrofuran and water contributes to weak the surface tension in the solutions. The correlation between surface tension and mole fractions of tetrahydrofuran is non-linear. This study provides an experimental basis for enriching the hydrogen bonding theory of multivariate aqueous solution systems.

N, Cl-doped carbon dots for fluorescence and colorimetric dual-mode detection of water in tetrahydrofuran and development of apaper-based sensor.

N, Cl-doped carbon dots (N, Cl-CDs) were prepared by hydrothermal method from rhodamine B (RhB) and ethylenediamine (EDA). The resulting N, Cl-CDs exhibited fascinating solvent dependence and strict excitation independence. As the polarity of the solvent increased (from tetrahydrofuran (THF) to water), the emission spectrum of N, Cl-CDs was redshifted and the fluorescence efficiency decreased, which were attributed to hydrogen bond-induced aggregation. Taking advantage of these attributes, the N, Cl-CDs were used as suitable probes for fluorescence and colorimetric dual-mode detection of water in THF. The linear relationship was0.5-100% waterwith the detection limit down to 0.093%. Moreover, the sensing platform was converted into apaper-based sensor for handy, real-time, and visible humidity sensing. N, Cl-CDs/PVA films were fabricated and realized continuously tunable solid-state fluorescence, further expanding their practical application.

Zero-Discharge Process for Recycling of Tetrahydrofuran–Water Mixtures

The sustainable design of separation and polymer synthesis processes is of great importance. Therefore, an energy-efficient process for the purification of tetrahydrofuran (THF)–water (H2O) solvent mixtures from an upstream polymer synthesis process in pilot scale was developed with the aim to obtain high purity separation products. The advantages and limitations of a hybrid process in the pilot scale were studied utilizing an Aspen Plus Dynamics® simulation at different pressures to prove the feasibility and energy efficiency. For the rough separation of the two components, distillation was chosen as the first process step. In this way, a separation of a water stream of sufficient quality for further precipitations after polymer synthesis could be achieved. In order to overcome the limitations of the distillation process posed by the azeotropic point of the mixture, a vapor permeation is used, which takes advantage of the heat of evaporation already used in the distillation column. For the purpose of achieving the required low water contents, an adsorption column is installed downstream for final THF purification. This leads to a novel hybrid separation process that is energy efficient and thus allows also the use of the solvents again for upstream polymer synthesis achieving the high purity requirements in a closed-loop process.

Influence of Electronic Environment on the Radiative Efficiency of 9-Phenyl-9H-carbazole-Based ortho-Carboranyl Luminophores.

The photophysical properties of closo-ortho-carboranyl-based donor–acceptor dyads are known to be affected by the electronic environment of the carborane cage but the influence of the electronic environment of the donor moiety remains unclear. Herein, four 9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-based closo-ortho-carboranyl compounds (1F, 2P, 3M, and 4T), in which an o-carborane cage was appended at the C3-position of a 9-phenyl-9H-carbazole moiety bearing various functional groups, were synthesized and fully characterized using multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the solid-state molecular structures of 1F and 4T were determined by X-ray diffraction crystallography. For all the compounds, the lowest-energy absorption band exhibited a tail extending to 350 nm, attributable to the spin-allowed π–π* transition of the 9-phenyl-9H-carbazole moiety and weak intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) between the o-carborane and the carbazole group. These compounds showed intense yellowish emission (λem = ~540 nm) in rigid states (in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 77 K and in films), whereas considerably weak emission was observed in THF at 298 K. Theoretical calculations on the first excited states (S1) of the compounds suggested that the strong emission bands can be assigned to the ICT transition involving the o-carborane. Furthermore, photoluminescence experiments in THF‒water mixtures demonstrated that aggregation-induced emission was responsible for the emission in rigid states. Intriguingly, the quantum yields and radiative decay constants in the film state were gradually enhanced with the increasing electron-donating ability of the substituent on the 9-phenyl group (‒F for 1F < ‒H for 2P < ‒CH3 for 3M < ‒C(CH3)3 for 4T). These features indicate that the ICT-based radiative decay process in rigid states is affected by the electronic environment of the 9-phenyl-9H-carbazole group. Consequently, the efficient ICT-based radiative decay of o-carboranyl compounds can be achieved by appending the o-carborane cage with electron-rich aromatic systems.

Flower‐Like Morphology of Naphthalene Diimides Containing tetra‐L‐ and D‐Alanine

AbstractTwo structural isomers of naphthalene diimide (NDI) chromophores NDI‐3 and NDI‐4, which are NDI imide position functionalised with four L‐/D‐alanine subunits. Density functional theory calculations revel that HOMO molecular orbital is localized on N‐phenyl substituent and LUMO on NDI core. Further, the UV‐vis, fluorescence measurements show that both the derivatives i. e. NDI‐3 and NDI‐4 exhibit changes in optical and photophysical properties with the addition of non‐polar i. e. methylcyclohexane in chloroform as well as water in tetrahydrofuran. From these results, it is clear that the structural isomers NDI‐3 and NDI‐4 shows a significant solvatochromic effect, which ascribed to the aggregation effect via π‐π stacking of NDI core along with hydrogen‐bonding between alanine side chains. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and polarized optical microscopy images clearly demonstrate formation of flower like morphology in THF:H2O and fiber nanostructure in CHCl3:MCH for both NDI‐3 and NDI‐4. Interestingly, only NDI‐4 in CHCl3:MCH (4 : 6, v/v) solvent mixture produces rose‐like flower microstructures.

Simple Iron(III) Complex Based Highly Sensitive Fluorescent Off‐On Sensor for the Detection of Trace Amount of Water in Organic Solvents and Edible Oilseeds

AbstractMoisture detection in organic solvents and materials by using chemical sensors represent the latest research area in analytical chemistry. In this paper, we report a new fluorescent chemical sensor for the sensitive detection of trace amount of water in Tetrahydrofuran(THF), acetone and acetonitrile. The new probe L.Fe(III) complex consists of the fluorescent reporter dansyl dye attached with Fe(III) ion. Ligand L, and probe L.Fe(III) exhibits solvatochromism by intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) due to the donor‐acceptor properties of the dansyl compound. Probe L.Fe(III) is a non‐fluorescent compound and it becomes highly fluorescent in the presence of trace amount of water in THF, acetone and acetonitrile. The probe shows highly sensitive towards the water in THF with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.0003 weight(wt) %. 1H‐NMR, ESI‐MS and fluorescence lifetime studies established that displacement of metal from the probe is responsible for fluorescent enhancement. Further, for the first time probe L.Fe(III) has been explored as a fluorescence indicator for the qualitative and quantitative detection of trace‐level of water content in various edible oilseeds such as groundnut, mustard, sunflower, sesame and almond.

Comparison of extractive distillation flowsheets for methanol–tetrahydrofuran–water mixtures

Objectives. Synthesis and comparative analysis of the extractive distillation flowsheets for aqueous mixtures of solvents utilized in pharmaceutical industries using the example of a methanol−tetrahydrofuran−water system with various compositions. The ternary system contains two minimally boiling azeotropes that exist in a vapor–liquid phase equilibrium. To evaluate the selective effect of glycerol, the phase equilibria of the methanol–tetrahydrofuran–water and methanol–tetrahydrofuran–water–glycerol systems at 101.32 kPa were studied.Methods. The calculations were carried out in the Aspen Plus V.9.0 software package. The vapor–liquid equilibria were simulated using the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) equation with the binary interaction parameters of the software package database. To account for the non-ideal behavior of the vapor phase, the Redlich–Kwong equation of state was used. The calculations of the extractive distillation schemes were carried out at 101.32 kPa.Results. The conceptual flowsheets of extractive distillation are proposed. The flowsheets consist of three (schemes I–III) or four (scheme IV) distillation columns operating at atmospheric pressure. In schemes I and II, the extractive distillation of the mixtures is carried out with tetrahydrofuran isolation occurring in the distillate stream. Further separation in the schemes differs in the order of glycerol isolation: in the third column for scheme I (traditional extractive distillation complex) or in the second column for scheme II (two-column extractive distillation complex + methanol/water separation column). Sсheme III caters to the complete dehydration of the basic ternary mixtures, followed by the extractive distillation of the azeotropic methanol–tetrahydrofuran system, also with glycerol. Sсheme IV includes a preconcentration column (for the partial removal of water) and a traditional extractive distillation complex.Conclusions. According to the criterion of least energy consumption for separation (the total load of the reboilers of distillation columns), sсheme I (a traditional complex of extractive distillation) is recommended. Additionally, the energy expended for the separation of the basic equimolar mixture using glycerol as the extractive agent was compared with that expended using another selective agent: 1,2-ethanediol. Glycerol is an effective extractive agent because it reduces energy consumption, in comparison with 1,2-ethanediol, by more than 5%.

Furfural Synthesis from Maize Cob Using Co-Solvents

Biofuels and chemicals can be produced from the lignocellulosic biomass would be promising platform in the upcoming decades. The maize cob is selected as lignocellulosic biomass to synthesis chemicals. The maize cob treated with meagre concentration of dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO4) dehydrated with Tetrahydrofuran (THF) co-solvent and water in the ratio of 1:1 results with furfural formation. The maize cob sample acid catalysed dehydration process at 1, 2.5, 5 and 10% dilute H2SO4 is substantial for sugar compounds production, these compounds can be further fermented to produce liquid fuels viz., bioethanol, biobutanol in an efficient manner. The&nbsp; maize cob treated with 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75% of dilute H2SO4 dehydrated with THF co-solvent and water (1:1) results with furfural formation and highest concentration was found in 0.5% acid catalyzed. The furfurals obtained can be downstream processed to recover and can be used as fuel precursor.

Membrane Flash Index: Powerful and Perspicuous Help for Efficient Separation System Design.

There are different factors and indices to characterize the performance of a pervaporation membrane, but none of them gives information about their capabilities in the area of liquid separation compared to the most convenient alternative, which is distillation. Membrane flash index (MFLI) can be considered the first and only one that shows if the membrane is more efficient or not than distillation and quantifies this feature too. Therefore, the MFLI helps select the best separation alternative in the case of process design. In this study, the evaluation and capabilities of membrane flash index are comprehensively investigated in the cases of six aqueous mixtures: methyl alcohol–water, ethyl alcohol–water, isobutyl alcohol–water, tetrahydrofuran–water, N-butyl alcohol–water, and isopropanol–water. It must be concluded that the separation capacity of organophilic type membranes is remarkably lower than hydrophilic membranes in all cases of separation. The study of the MFLI is extended with the consideration of other binary interaction parameters like separation factor, permeation flux, selectivity, and pervaporation separation index (PSI) in order to find a descriptive relationship between them. For the same membrane material type, descriptive function can be determined between feed concentration and MFLI and PSI and separation factor, which can be used to calculate each other’s value. On the basis of the indices and especially the MFLI, a significant help can be given to the process design engineer to select the right liquid separation alternative and, in the case of pervaporation, find the most appropriate membrane.

Phase separation of co-solvent promotes multiple bio-nanomaterials conversion from natural lignocellulose

Natural lignocellulose is supported by parallel bundles of cellulose (framework) and contains tightly interlaced hemicellulose and lignin. Based on the heterogeneous structure, an acid-catalyzed tetrahydrofuran–water (THF–H2O) co-solvent system was designed for the preparation of multiple bio-nanomaterials from natural lignocellulose, including microfibrillated celluloses (MFCs), lignin nanoparticles (LNPs), and carbon quantum dots (CQDs). In this setting, the phase separation of the co-solvent on the surface of lignocellulose enhanced the component fractionation. 95.6% of lignin with high content of G units was effectively removed from the lignocellulose matrix mainly by cleaving β−O−4 bonds to form uniformly spherical LNPs via π–π interactions. The obtained monodisperse LNPs with the average size of 102 nm contained a low ratio of S/G, relatively high content of C − C linkages and abundant functional groups, which exhibited high stability and application value. Meanwhile, 89.1% of the hemicellulose were hydrolyzed to retain a high content of cellulose in lignocellulose residues. Then the MFCs with slender fibrils of approximately 150 nm in diameter were liberated from the cellulose bundles in lignocellulose residues. The released monomolecular compounds, which served as precursors, were thermally processed for CQDs production. This study integrates three types of lignocellulose-based nanomaterial preparation into an integrated pathway to greatly promote the industrialization process of bio-nanomaterials.

Molecular interactions analysis of some aluminium salts in binary aqueous solutions of tetrahydrofuran (THF): Acoustic and Conductometric approach

In the present investigation conductance and speed of sound of aluminium sulphate, aluminium nitrate, and aluminium chloride were experimentally determined in aqueous medium as well in binary aqueous mixtures of THF. Various conductance and acoustic parameters viz; molar conductance, limiting molar conductance, partial molar adiabatic compressibility, coefficient of adiabatic compressibility were also determined using Kohlrausch's Law, Debye-Huckel theory and Masson’s equation at working temperatures and different compositions of THF. Analysis reveals that limiting molar conductivity decreases with increase in composition of THF in water indicating the decrease in the ion-solvent interactions with increase in composition THF in water. Further it was found that with increase in temperature the values increase for all the three salts which support the increase in ion-solvent interactions with increase in temperature. The values of partial molar isentropic compression were found negative and these values further increase with increase in composition of THF indicating that on increase in composition, attractive interactions develop between THF and water which induces dehydration of aluminium salts which make the water molecules of aluminium salts more compressible than that of lower THF concentration resulting in decrease of ion solvent interactions with increase in THF composition in water. On the other hand with increase in temperature, the values of further increase leading to increase in ion-solvent interactions of aluminium salts in water and 5% THF+ water. Walden product and its temperature coefficient i.e. have also been calculated which confirms that aluminium salts act as structure breaker in different compositions of THF in water.

D-π-A-π-D type solvatochromic fluorescence probes based on triphenylamine: Synthesis, photophysical properties and application.

Two D-π-A-π-D type solvatochromic fluorescence probes (JT1 and JT2) based on triphenylamine have been synthesized. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of these probes as well as their solvatochromic behavior were studied. The Stokes shifts of JT1 and JT2 reach 175nm (6417.0cm-1) and 218.6nm (9916.7cm-1) in the acetonitrile solution, respectively. There is an excellent linear correlation between the Stokes shifts and the ET (30) solvent polarity values in different solvents. The high responsiveness of JT1 and JT2 to solvent polarity makes them promising candidates for solvatochromic fluorescence probes, especially for the detection of the polarity of non-proton solvents or the content of water in tetrahydrofuran.

Capturing Deuteration Effects in a Molecular Mechanics Force Field: Deuterated THF and the THF-Water Miscibility Gap.

Deuteration is a common chemical modification used in conjunction with experiments such as neutron scattering, NMR, and Fourier-transform infrared for the study of molecular systems. Under the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation, while the underlying potential energy surface remains unchanged by isotopic substitutions, isotopic substitution still alters intramolecular vibrations, which in turn may alter intermolecular interactions. Molecular mechanics (MM) force fields used in classical molecular dynamics simulations are assumed to represent local approximations of the BO potential energy surfaces, and hence, MD simulations using simple isotopic mass substitutions should capture BO-compatible isotope effects. However, standard MM force-field parameterizations do not directly fit to the local harmonic quantum mechanical (QM) Hessian that describes the BO surface, but rather to QM normal-modes and/or mass-dependent internal-coordinate derived distortion energies. Here, using tetrahydrofuran (THF)-water mixtures as our model system, we show that not only does a simple mass-substitution approach fail to capture an experimentally characterized deuteration effect (the loss of the closed-loop miscibility gap associated with the complete deuteration of THF) but also it is necessary to generate new MM force-field parameters that correctly describe isotopic dependent vibrations to capture the experimental deuteration effect. We show that the origin of this failure is a result of using mass-dependent features to fit the THF MM force field, which unintentionally biases the bonded terms of the force field to represent only the isotopologue used during the original force-field parameterization. In addition, we make use of our isotopologue-corrected force field for D8THF to examine the molecular origins of the isotope-dependent loss of the THF-water miscibility gap.

Synthesis, aggregation-induced emission of a new anti-B18H22-isoquinoline hybrid

A novel compound (B18H20(NC9H7)2) was synthesized by connecting isoquinoline moieties to the anti-B18H22. The fluorescence emission performance in tetrahydrofuran/water mixtures showed that the compound had obvious aggregation-induced emission characteristic. Upon addition of water in tetrahydrofuran (90:10, v/v) solution, the quantum yield is increased by 0.04–1.41%. The photophysics properties of B18H20(NC9H7)2/polystyrene and B18H20(NC9H7)2/anti-B18H22/polystyrene film were also studied, and the testing results show that these two films have a wide range of absorption in the visible region. Our work broadens the structure types of anti-B18H22 derivatives and provides a new way to develop new anti-B18H22 fluorescent materials containing isoquinoline units.

Tetraphenylethene-substituted benzothiadiazoles: AIE and TICT properties, tunable intramolecular conjugation and application in detecting trace water in organic solvents

A series of tetraphenylethylene-based benzothiadiazole derivatives (TPEB-o-NO2, TPEB-m-NO2, and TPEB-p-NO2) were designed and synthesized by adjusting the linkage model of nitro group. Different substituent positions of nitro group lead to different intramolecular conjugation of compounds TPEB-o-NO2, TPEB-m-NO2, and TPEB-p-NO2, thus resulting in different photophysical properties. Their maximum emission gradually red-shifted when changing the connected position of nitro group from ortho-position to meta-position and to para-position. TPEB-o-NO2, TPEB-m-NO2, and TPEB-p-NO2 exhibit interesting solvatochromic effects and “on–off–on” optical switch behavior owing to the combined action of AIE and TICT. Moreover, TPEB-m-NO2 and TPEB-p-NO2 were successfully applied as highly sensitive sensors in quantitatively detecting trace water in tetrahydrofuran (THF), dioxane (Diox) and ethyl acetate (EA). The DL of TPEB-m-NO2 and TPEB-p-NO2 are, 0.039% and 0.014% for THF, 0.021% and 0.009% for EA, 0.033% and 0.018%(v/v) for Diox, respectively. It is worth mentioning that TPEB-m-NO2, and TPEB-p-NO2 can act as sensitive indicator for monitoring trace water fraction in organic solvent rectification, which is much more convenient and intuitive to estimate the real-time water content approximately than traditional method.

Carbon Dots-Stimulated Amplification of Aggregation-Induced Emission of Size-Tunable Organic Nanoparticles.

Carbon dots (CDs)-induced microstructural modulation and amplification of emission intensity of self-aggregated fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONPs) is a challenging task since CD is a well-known fluorescence quencher. In the present study, we have designed l-tyrosine-tagged hydrophobically (C-10) tailored naphthalene diimide derivative (NDI-i), which formed FONPs in tetrahydrofuran (THF)-water binary solvent mixture. NDI-i exhibited aggregation-induced emission (AIE) at 580 nm (orange) up to fw = 70 vol % of water in THF via excimer formation in combination with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) upon excitation at 350 nm. Beyond fw = 70 vol %, the emission intensity gradually reduced up to fw = 99 vol % due to poor water dispersibility of NDI-i FONPs. Doping of hydrophobically (C-2 to C-11 alkyl chain) surface-functionalized CDs (CD-i-iii) within self-aggregates of NDI-i FONPs at fw = 99 vol % resulted in the modulation of both morphology and emission intensity of resulting self-assembled nanoconjugate. In the presence of C-2 alkyl chain tethered CD, the emission intensity of FONP-CD nanohybrid got quenched compared to that of native NDI-i FONPs. The emission intensity of NDI-i FONPs markedly enhanced by 3.6- to 5.0-fold upon inclusion of C-6 and C-11 alkyl chain containing CDs, respectively. Increasing the alkyl chain length on CD surface facilitated the interchain hydrophobic interaction between the organic nanoparticles and surface-functionalized CDs to form larger CD-doped fused FONPs. The extent of ICT between π-donor and π-acceptor residues became more efficient to exhibit enhanced AIE due to the accumulation of more NDI-i around CD surface through interchain hydrophobic interaction. The C-11 alkyl chain containing CD-integrated FONPs showed the brightest orange emission with superior aqueous stability. These water-dispersible, orange-emitting, cytocompatible NDI-i-CD-iii FONPs were explored for long-term bioimaging of mammalian cells.

Development of External Stimuli-responsive Organic π Molecules and the Creation of Novel Photo-functions

We have found that the spiro form of aminobenzopyranoxanthene (ABPX) exhibits dual solvatochromic and nanoaggregate fluorescence in organic solvents by spectrophotometric and theoretical analyses. The dual fluorescence properties of ABPX were adjustable in response to water content, and served as a new detection principal for naked-eye visualization (above 0.5 wt%) and quantification (0.010-0.125 wt%) of water in tetrahydrofuran. In investigating the optical properties of a dicationic form of ABPX, ABPX containing linear n-alkyl chains at amino groups were then synthesized. These ABPX exhibited fluorescence emission in the far-red and NIR wavelength regions, and we noted an increased fluorescence quantum efficiency with increasing n-alkyl chain length. To further improve the fluorescence quantum yields, we have designed and synthesized ABPX with different nitrogen-containing fused rings. It was kinetically demonstrated that the structurally rigid conjugation of the xanthene moiety is an effective molecular design for the drastic enhancement of fluorescence emission efficiency.

Purification of tetrahydrofuran from aqueous azeotropic solution: continuous adsorption operation using molecular sieves

Purification of chemicals is industrially important. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a useful chemical and the industrial requirement is minimum 99.5 mass %. THF forms a homogenous minimum boiling aqueous azeotrope due to which purification by distillation is difficult. The present work has used liquid-phase adsorption of the THF–water azeotropic mixture over different adsorbents in order to purify THF. Molecular sieves (3A and 4A) were observed to offer better separation. A methodology to make the process continuous is presented in this work so as to obtain high-purity THF by using adsorption over molecular sieves.

Free volume defects and transport properties of mechanically stable polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane embedded poly(vinyl alcohol)‐poly(ethylene oxide) blend membranes

AbstractPolymer membrane based gas transport and pervaporation processes are fast growing areas in separation technology and have received wide attention as areas of ‘clean technology’. Mechanically stable novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) embedded poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blend membranes were prepared by solution blending followed by casting. The addition of carboxymethyl cellulose enhanced the interfacial activities of the PVA and PEO blends. The peripheral organic substituent on POSS plays a key role in achieving compatibility with polymers whereas the rigid Si–O–Si core of POSS imparts high mechanical strength. Compared to PVA membrane, poly(ethylene glycol) and octa(tetramethylammonium) functionalized POSS embedded PVA/PEO membranes exhibit 680% and 580% enhancement in Young's modulus as well as 130% and 140% improvement in tensile strength respectively. The Einstein, Kerner and Frankel–Acrivos models were applied to compare the experimental and theoretical Young's modulus of PVA‐PEO/POSS membranes. The presence of an ethylene oxide tail on POSS as well as PEO in the blend membrane enhances the CO2 affinity of the membrane. The presence of a hydrophilic functional group on the POSS improves the hydrophilicity of the membrane and produces more binding sites for water molecules in the membrane during the pervaporation separation of a tetrahydrofuran–water azeotropic mixture. The transport properties of the membrane are further elucidated by means of free volume defect analysis carried out by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and coincidence Doppler broadening spectroscopy. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

Study of the chromatographic behavior of selected antipsychotic drugs on RP-TLC based on quantitative structure\u2013retention relationships

The chromatographic properties for nine antipsychotic drugs: chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, clozapine, quetiapine, perazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, promazine and trifluoperazine were studied using planar chromatography. Both C18-bonded silica gel and diol-bonded phase were used as stationary phases. Mixtures of methanol–water and tetrahydrofuran–water were investigated as mobile phases. Molecular descriptors were calculated using HyperChem, ChemAxon and ACD/labs software. The study was based on multiple linear regression and the results were presented as quantitative structure–retention relationships equations. Furthermore, both principal component and cluster analysis were performed. The classification methods showed clear differences between calculated and chromatographic established lipophilicity. Chromatographic parameters were similar to bulkiness-related, geometrical descriptors and topological indexes. On the other hand, the electronic descriptors which were strongly connected with the computational log P values had lower impact on chromatographic parameters.