Photodegradation Of Tetracycline Research Articles

Novel Cerium (IV) Oxide -Ti3C2- titanium dioxide heterostructure photocatalyst for pharmaceutical pollutants removal: Photocatalyst characterization, process optimization and transformation pathways

Tetracycline (TC) is a widely applied antibiotic recognized for its potential negative consequences on human health and ecological balance. In this study, a novel photocatalyst, Cerium (IV) oxide -Ti3C2- titanium dioxide (CeMXT), was synthesized through sonochemical and impregnation techniques, subsequently subjected to comprehensive characterization employing diverse methods including XRD, SEM, TEM, HR-TEM, Raman, XPS, and BET. The optimization of TC degradation was pursued using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), encompassing variables such as initial TC concentration, irradiation duration, photocatalyst dosage, and pH. The degradation efficacy was investigated through free radical trapping experiments, revealing the pivotal roles of OH and superoxide anion radicals. Remarkable degradation efficiency, reaching 94.70 %, was achieved under specific parameter conditions: 22.19 mg/L TC concentration, 104.13 min irradiation, 0.65 g/L photocatalyst dosage, and pH 4.72. This exceptional performance could be attributed to the elevated generation of oxidant species facilitated by the Z-scheme electron transfer heterojunction. Furthermore, LC-Mass analysis was employed to delineate the intermediates formed during TC photodegradation, culminating in proposing a conceivable degradation pathway. The impressive proficiency of the CeMXT photocatalyst underscores its potential application for effective large-scale treatment of persistent organic pollutants in wastewater treatment facilities. Additionally, comparative analysis with a recently developed photocatalyst highlights its promise as a viable alternative for the remediation of such contaminants in aquatic ecosystems.

Donor–acceptor-modified UiO-67-type metal–organic frameworks for the enhanced photodegradation of tetracycline under visible light

A pyrene–benzothiadiazole photosensitizer-based UiO-67-type metal–organic framework was fabricated for the enhanced visible-light-driven photodegradation of tetracycline.

CdS QDs grown on ellipsoidal BiVO4 for efficient photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline.

Designing efficient, inexpensive, and stable photocatalysts to degrade organic pollutants and antibiotics has become an effective way for environmental remediation. In this work, we successfully performed in situ growth of CdS QDs on the surface of elliptical BiVO4 to try to show the advantage of the binary heterojuncted photocatalyst (BVO@CdS) for the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC). The In situ growth of CdS QDs can provide a large number of reactive sites and also generate a larger contact area with BiVO4. In addition, compared with mechanical composite materials, in situ growth can significantly reduce the energy barrier at the interface between BiVO4 and CdS, providing more channels for the separation and migration of photogenerated charge carriers, and further improving reaction activity. As a result, BVO@CdS-0.05 shows the best degradation efficiency, with a degradation rate of 88% after 30 min under visible light. The TC photodegradation follows a pseudo-second-order reaction with a dynamic constant of 0.472 min-1, which is 6.47 times that of pure BiVO4, 7.24 times that of pure CdS QDs and 2 times that of the mechanical composite. The degradation rate of BVO@CdS-0.05 decreases to 77.8% with a retention rate of 88.5% after four cycles, demonstrating excellent stability. Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, two possible pathways for TC degradation are proposed. Through free radical capture experiments, electron spin resonance measurements, and photoelectrochemical comprehensive analysis, it is confirmed that BVO@CdS composites have constructed an efficient Z-scheme heterojunction via in situ growth, thereby highly enhancing the separation and transport efficiency of charge carriers.

Zinc-doped C4N3/BiOBr S-scheme heterostructured hollow spheres for efficient photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline.

Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water is of great significance to the sustainable development of the environment, but encounters limited efficiency when a single compound is used. Thus, there have been enormous efforts to find novel photocatalytic heterostructured composites with high performance. In this work, a novel S-scheme heterostructure is constructed with BiOBr and Zn2+ doped C4N3 (Zn-C4N3) by a solvothermal method for efficient photodegradation of tetracycline (TC), a residual antibiotic difficult to be removed from the aquatic environment. Thanks to Zn2+-doping induced improvement in chemical affinity between Zn-C4N3 and BiOBr, well-formed Zn-C4N3/BiOBr heterostructured hollow spheres are formed. This structure can efficiently suppress fast recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs to enhance the photocatalytic activity of BiOBr dramatically. At a room temperature of 25 °C and neutral pH 7, the catalyst can degrade a significant portion of TC pollutants within 30 min under visible light. Also, the Zn-C4N3/BiOBr heterostructure displays good stability after recycling experiments. Free radical capture experiments and ESR tests show that ˙O2- is the main active substance for photocatalytic degradation of TC. This study provides new insights for constructing heterostructures with an intimate interface between the two phases for photocatalytic applications.

Air promotes efficient and selective CO2 photoreduction with a molecule/semiconductor hybrid photocatalyst: the significant role of simultaneous photodegradation of organic pollutants

A molecule/semiconductor hybrid photocatalyst, consisting of carbon nitride integrated with a molecular Ni(ii)–terpyridine complex, has been employed for air-promoted CO2 photoreduction with the simultaneous photodegradation of tetracycline.

Efficient removal of tetracycline from MOF-on-MOF heterojunctions driven by visible light: Evaluation of photocatalytic mechanisms and degradation pathway

The low photocatalytic efficiency of a single MOF limits its application, and the assembly of different MOF into MOF-on-MOF heterojunctions can construct fine charge transfer interfaces, thereby improving the photocatalytic ability. In addition, the heterojunction constructed by the two MOFs can maintain the porous structure of the MOF material to a large extent, which is conducive to the adsorption behavior. In this paper, Z-scheme heterojunction is prepared by solvothermal growth of MIL-88B on NH2-MIL-125 matrix. The Z-scheme heterojunction of NH2-MIL-125@MIL-88B greatly improves the photo-response range and charge separation efficiency. It showed good photocatalytic activity for tetracycline (TC) degradation. Under visible light irradiation, the removal efficiency of NM-3 catalyst with the best performance reached 96.26 % within 120 min, and the rate constant was 0.02428 min−1, which was about 9.75 times and 4.16 times of NH2-MIL-125 and MIL-88B alone. The results of free radical trapping and ESR indicated that O2− and OH take important parts in the photodegradation of TC. The active sites and degradation pathways of TC vulnerable to attack were predicted by DFT calculation and intermediate analysis. The design and preparation of Z-scheme heterojunction provide a new strategy for visible light degradation of TC.

Integrative analysis of multi machine learning models for tetracycline photocatalytic degradation with MOFs in wastewater treatment

This study focuses on the utilization of connectionist models, specifically Independent Component Analysis (ICA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Genetic Algorithm-Particle Swarm Optimization (GAPSO) integrated with a least-squares support vector machine (LSSVM) to forecast the degradation of tetracycline (TC) through photocatalysis using Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs). The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the viability and precision of these connectionist models in estimating the efficiency of TC degradation, particularly within the context of wastewater treatment. The input parameters for these models cover essential MOF characteristics, such as pore size and surface area, along with critical operational factors, such as pH, TC concentration, catalyst dosage, and illumination duration, all of which are linked to the photocatalytic performance of MOFs. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the illumination duration is the primary influencer of TC photodegradation with MOF photocatalysts, while the MOFs’ surface area is the second crucial parameter shaping the efficiency and dynamics of the TC-MOF photocatalytic system. The developed LSSVM models display impressive predictive capabilities, effectively forecasting the experimental degradation of TC with high accuracy. Among these models, the GAPSO-LSSVM model excels as the top performer, achieving notable evaluation metrics, including STD, RMSE, MSE, MRE, and R2 at values of 3.09, 3.42, 11.71, 5.95, and 0.986, respectively. In comparison, the PSO-LSSVM, ICA-LSSVM, and GA-LSSVM models yield mean relative errors of 6.18%, 7.57%, and 11.37%, respectively. These outcomes highlight the exceptional predictive capabilities of the GAPSO-LSSVM model, solidifying its position as the most accurate and dependable model for predicting TC photodegradation in this study. This study contributes to advancing photocatalytic research and effectively reinforces the importance of leveraging machine learning methodologies for tackling environmental challenges.

2D/1D BiOBr/TiO2 flexible nanofibrous film heterojunction photocatalyst for tetracycline degradation

Semiconductor photocatalysis is an ideal and sustainable solution to effectively remove Tetracycline (TC). Herein, a hierarchical flexible nanofibrous film (NF) heterojunction photocatalyst of BiOBr/TiO2 was fabricated via a combination of electrospinning and solvothermal method, obtaining the two-dimensional (2D) BiOBr nanosheets uniformly anchored on the surface of one-dimensional (1D) TiO2 nanofiber, and the amount of BiOBr significantly influences the physicochemical properties of the heterojunction photocatalyst, the optimal sample of BT-2 manifests large pore size and high surface area, prominent visible light response ability and narrow band gap as well as outstanding charge separation efficiency, thus achieves significantly enhanced photocatalysis activity for TC degradation, which is about twice higher than that of the pristine TiO2 NF. More importantly, the BT-2 sample also displays high reusability and stability over a 10-cycle period and can be easy to recover. Meanwhile, the radical scavenging experiments and electron spin resonance characterization reveal that ·O2– and h+ occupy an irreplaceable role in degrading TC. Moreover, regarding the analysis of intermediates and density functional theory calculations, the TC photodegradation mechanism and pathways are proposed. Our finding offers a prospective solution for designing BiOBr/TiO2 heterojunction recyclable photocatalysts for efficient TC photodegradation.

Preparation of CeO2-WO3 binary heterojunction photocatalyst for sustainable tetracycline degradation: Optimization of synthesis and degradation conditions, characterization, transformation pathway, and dominant reactive species

Tetracycline (TC) is a widely utilized antibiotic recognized for its potential consequences on human health. Herein, a novel photocatalyst, CeO2-WO3 nanocomposite, was synthesized through a sufficient and cost-effective technique, and subsequently subjected to comprehensive characterization including XPS, XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, and BET. The optimal photocatalyst based on its performance in TC degradation was achieved at CeO2 content ranging from 5 to 25 wt. % and calcination temperature ranging from 300 to 600°C, using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimal synthesis condition obtained from the Design of Experiments (DoE) was CeO2 content of 16.25 wt. % and calcination temperature of 444.37°C. In addition, the effect of four affecting variables, including TC concentration, pH, catalyst dose, and irradiation time was investigated and TC degradation of 94.28 % was attained at optimum conditions (i.e., TC initial concentration: 20.04 mg/L, pH: 6.88, catalyst dose: 0.19 g/L, and irradiation time: 94.90 min). The synthesized photocatalyst demonstrated a significant removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 79.42 % in TC mineralization, showing notable efficacy compared to previous investigations. Hydroxyl (•OH) and superoxide (•O2−) radicals were found to be robust active agents, owing to their indiscriminate oxidation capabilities through scavenger tests and ESR analysis. Additionally, LC-Mass analysis was employed to elucidate the intermediates generated during the photodegradation of TC, resulting in the formulation of a plausible degradation pathway. Overall, the CeO2-WO3 photocatalyst demonstrated commendable resistance, enduring through five cycles with minimal cerium leaching, thereby accentuating its efficacy in the decomposition of antibiotics.

Enhanced photocatalysis activity of Co0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4/rGO nanocomposites for tetracycline antibiotic degradation

This study investigated cobalt-magnesium ferrite (Co0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a dominant photocatalyst for the photo-degradation of tetracycline. Co0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4/rGO nanocomposite degraded 93 % of the tetracycline (TC-HCL) after 120 min of visible radiation, which can be attributed to the improved adsorption capacity and the significantly better transfer and separation of photoexcited (e-h+) pairs.Additionally, the Co0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4/rGO nanocomposite had higher stability and recyclability. Based on observed intermediates, possible processes of tetracycline degradation were proposed, where the •OH and •O2- played a major part. Photodegradation of TC-HCL was also provided using the LC-MS approach. The Co0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4/rGO nanocomposite was found to have a new potential for enhanced photocatalytic performance, making it a suitable photocatalyst for wastewater treatment.

Study on the dominant mechanism of direct hole oxidation for the photodegradation of tetracycline.

Antibiotic contamination has a significant negative impact on China, one of the largest producers and consumers of antibiotics worldwide. In this study, a three-dimensional flower-like structure of CoFe-LDHs was used to efficiently degrade tetracycline (TC) in a system triggered by peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and exposed to visible light. After exploring the effects of different metal ratios, catalyst dosage, initial TC concentrations, and pH, the optimal reaction conditions were determined. In comparison to pure CoFe-LDHs, the TC elimination rate was dramatically increased by the addition of the PMS. The strong environmental resistance, excellent stability and reusability, and universal flexibility were shown. The quenching experiments and electron spin resonance detection showed that the creation of reactive oxygen species was facilitated by the synergistic transmission of electrons between the active bimetallic components. Further, photogenerated holes was the dominant oxidizing species, which contributed more to the degradation of TC. The potential degradation pathways and intermediate toxicity of TC were suggested. This work offers a new method dominated by photogenerated holes for efficiently removing TC effluent.

In Situ Interfacial Engineering of CeO2/Bi2WO6 Heterojunction with Improved Photodegradation of Tetracycline and Organic Dyes: Mechanism Insight and Toxicity Assessment.

The construction of heterojunction photocatalysts is an auspicious approach for enhancing the photocatalytic performance of wastewater treatment. Here, a novel CeO2/Bi2WO6 heterojunction is synthesized using an in situ liquid-phase method. The optimal 15% CeO2/Bi2WO6 (CBW-15) is found to have the highest photocatalytic activity, achieving a degradation efficiency of 99.21% for tetracycline (TC), 98.43% for Rhodamine B (RhB), and 94.03% for methylene blue (MB). The TC removal rate remained at 95.38% even after five cycles. Through active species capture experiments, •O2 -, h+, and •OH are the main active substances for TC, RhB, and MB, respectively. The possible degradation pathways for TC are analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS). The photoinduced charge transfer and possible degradation mechanisms are proposed through experimentation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Toxicity assessment experiments show a significant reduction in toxicity during the TC degradation process. This study uncovers the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation in CeO2/Bi2WO6 and provides new insights into toxicity assessment.

A novel Z-type BiOCl/Ni-MOF-74 heterojunction with coral reef-like structure for photodegradation of tetracycline and rhodamine B and degradation pathway analysis

A novel Z-type BiOCl/Ni-MOF-74 heterojunction with coral reef-like structure for photodegradation of tetracycline and rhodamine B and degradation pathway analysis

The impact of dissolved organic matter on the photodegradation of tetracycline in the presence of microplastics

Microplastics (MPs), an emerging class of pollutants, significantly impact the photoconversion dynamics of tetracycline (TC). But the effect of prevalent dissolved organic matter (DOM) on TC photodegradation in the presence of MPs remains a gap in current research. In this study, the photoconversion behavior and mechanism of TC under simulated sunlight conditions were systematically investigated, both in the presence of DOM and in combination with polystyrene (PS) MPs. The results demonstrated that both DOM and MPs enhanced the photodegradation of TC when compared to its direct degradation. However, DOM, particularly humic acid (HA, 10 mg/L), exhibited a more pronounced enhancing effect on TC photodegradation within 1 h reaction, regardless of the presence or absence of MPs, reaching up to 80%. In reaction systems involving TC-HA and TC-HA-PS, the primary contributors to TC degradation were direct photolysis and HA photosensitization (free radical reactions). Conversely, photosensitization effects were not significant in the presence of fulvic acid (FA). Furthermore, even under dark reaction conditions, HA exhibited a 10% degradation effect on TC. Quenching experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) results indicate that dark reaction processes involve free radical reactions. Additionally, toxicity test results showed a reduction in the acute toxicity of TC photodegradation products, yet the long-term cumulative risks to organisms deserved attention. In general, this investigation significantly advances our understanding of the intricate photoconversion behavior of TC in the presence of coexisting chemical components.

KCl mediated Ag/Co@Fe2O3/C3N4 heterojunction as a highly efficient visible photocatalyst for tetracycline degradation: Application of machine learning

In this work a new KCl mediated Ag/Co@Fe2O3/C3N4 heterojunction was synthesized by a simple coprecipitation method and was characterized. The band gap of the synthesized heterojunction was calculated as 2.1ev indicating its good potential for using as visible light photocatalyst. The synthesized heterostructure was used for photodegradation of tetracycline and the experimental conditions were optimized. The results showed with 0.04g of heterostructure catalyst, the degradation of tetracycline 50ppm can be perform in a short time (40 min ) with efficiency 100%. The enhanced photoactivity of this catalyst is due to unique structure of KCl mediated Ag/Co@Fe2O3/C3N4 heterojunction that can decrease the charge recombination and therefore, leading highly efficient visible light photocatalyst. Experimental data also were analyzed using various regression models based on machine learning techniques, particularly neural networks. The outcomes reveal the effectiveness of neural network models as they demonstrate negligible Mean Root Squared Error (MRSE) values and nearly perfect R-squared scores. This highlights the excellence and accuracy of the neural network models in capturing and predicting the patterns and trends within the experimental data.

Construction of a novel double S-scheme heterojunction CeO2/g-C3N4/Bi2O4 for significantly boosted degradation of tetracycline: Insight into the dual charge transfer mode

Constructing dual S-scheme heterojunction, as one kind of new strategy for the reinforcement of photocatalytic property, shows significant advantages in facilitating the migration of photoinduced charges and achieving high redox potentials. Herein, a novel double S-scheme heterojunction CeO2/g-C3N4/Bi2O4 was designed and synthesized successfully. The photodegradation of tetracycline (TC) over CeO2/g-C3N4/Bi2O4 was carried out under the irradiation of visible light. The double S-scheme interfacial charge transmission mode of CeO2/g-C3N4/Bi2O4 was investigated according to Fermi level, band structure, and the in-depth analysis of in situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ISI-XPS) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra. The CeO2/g-C3N4/Bi2O4 exhibits excellent catalytic activity with a high TC removal efficiency of 94 % and a remarkable mineralization efficiency of 51 %. The rate constant (0.05811 min−1) of TC degradation for CeO2/g-C3N4/Bi2O4 is 12.9, 7.8, 4.3, 2.2, and 3.1 times those for g-C3N4, CeO2, Bi2O4, g-C3N4/Bi2O4 and CeO2/g-C3N4, separately. The prominently boosted activity may be due to two factors. Firstly, the successful creation of the double S-scheme electron migration channel greatly boosts the transmission of photogenerated carriers, represses the recombination of electrons with holes, and ensures the strongest redox potential of CeO2/g-C3N4/Bi2O4. Secondly, the introduction of Bi2O4 with excellent visible-light absorption broadens the optical absorption region of CeO2/g-C3N4/Bi2O4. Additionally, the influence of the typical environmental factors (pH, inorganic anions, cations, and natural humus) on the photodegradation of TC was explored. The three probable pathways for TC degradation were inferred via analyzing intermediates. The current work offers a novel outlook for enhancing the activity of ternary heterojunction photocatalysts applied in environmental restoration.

Green construction of magnetic MnFe2O4/ZIF-8 nanocomposite utilizing extract of Melissa officinalis plant for the photo-degradation of tetracycline under UV illumination

The current work explores the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline utilizing ZIF-8 grafted with MnFe2O4 through a facile green approach. The complete degradation was achieved at optimized circumstances (pH = 9, catalyst concentration = 0.5 g/L, contact time = 180 min, and 20 mg/L of tetracycline dose). The photocatalytic decontamination reaction of the as-made catalyst was more adherence to the pseudo-first-order model. Recycling experiments demonstrated the excellent stability of the MnFe2O4/ZIF-8 composite after six regeneration runs. Furthermore, the as-constructed composite can simultaneously eliminate tetracycline, COD, and TOC from real wastewater by 84%, 65%, and 50%, respectively, revealing its robust potential in addressing water contamination concerns.

Efficient photocatalytic production of H2O2 and photodegradation of tetracycline by CdS/square tubular g-C3N4 S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst

Photocatalytic technology is an effective method for clean energy production and wastewater treatment. In this work, a square tubular g-C3N4 (MCN) is first synthesized by the aid of thermal polymerization of melamine in mixed KCl/LiCl molten salt and then loaded with CdS nanoparticles via a solvothermal method to obtain the final composite (MCN@CdS). This complex exhibits dual catalytic characteristics: photocatalytic oxygen reduction to produce hydrogen peroxide and photocatalytic degradation ability of antibiotics. The specific surface area (SSA) of MCN was enhanced by calcination with the help of molten salt, and the introduction of CdS expanded the absorption edge of MCN@CdS. In addition, electrochemical impedance and photocurrent spectroscopy confirmed that separation and migratory efficiency of photoproduced charge carriers could be promoted by the combination of MCN and CdS. As a result, the yield of hydrogen peroxide photocatalyzed by MCN@CdS is up to 0.95 mmol· L−1 in 80 min under visible light, which is 1.2 and 1.9 times larger than that of pure MCN and CdS. More importantly, the removal rate of tetracycline photocatalyzed by MCN@CdS, within 30 min with the participation of O2, achieved up to 99.5 %, 4 times faster than that in O2-free environment.

Adsorption, excitation analysis, and the mechanism of tetracycline photodegradation by Ca12O12-PEDOT, Mg12O12-PEDOT, and Zn12O12-PEDOT hybrid materials: Perspective from first-principles study

Tetracycline (TC) residues threaten aquatic ecosystems by infiltrating water bodies and disrupting aquatic life, potentially affecting the food chain. In our quest to address this ecological concern, we embarked on a fascinating investigation exploring the photodegradation of tetracycline using nanocomposite materials: Ca12O12-PEDOT, Mg12O12-PEDOT, and Zn12O12-PEDOT within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) at the ωB97XD/def2svp method. The results obtained showed that tc@Ca12O12-PEDOT composite exhibited unparalleled stability with an adsorption distance of 1.922 Å, surpassing its counterparts tc@Mg12O12-PEDOT and tc@Zn12O12-PEDOT. The tc@Ca12O12_PEDOT system displayed a compact energy gap, suggesting its superior photon absorption capability from the valence band compared to the others. The sequential order of stabilization energies was observed as follows: Zn12O12-PEDOT > Mg12O12-PEDOT > Ca12O12-PEDOT, with values of 73.26 kcal/mol, 49.35 kcal/mol, and 10.66 kcal/mol, respectively. The analysis of charge transfer showed that tc@Mg12O12_PEDOT had the highest magnitude of charge transfer, followed by tc@Zn12O12_PEDOT and tc@Ca12O12_PEDOT. The characterization of the hole and electron separation through the computed back donation revealed a distinct pattern: tc@Zn12O12_PEDOT > tc@Mg12O12_PEDOT > tc@Ca12O12_PEDOT. The presence of t-index >0 indicated substantial hole and electron separation due to charge transfer. The investigation into hole and electron distribution exhibited a small Hole Distribution Index (HDI), signifying a narrow spatial extent of this charge separation. The order of spatial extent was found to be tc@Zn12O12_PEDOT > tc@Ca12O12_PEDOT > tc@Mg12O12_PEDOT. Similar conclusions can be drawn for the Electron Distribution Index (EDI). When comparing tc@Mg12O12_PEDOT with tc@Ca12O12_PEDOT, we observed a fascinating redshift in the first excited state (41.83 nm), second excited state (27.01 nm), and third excited state (7.59 nm).

Impact of Polythiophene ((C4H4S)n; n = 3, 5, 7, 9) Units on the Adsorption, Reactivity, and Photodegradation Mechanism of Tetracycline by Ti-Doped Graphene/Boron Nitride (Ti@GP_BN) Nanocomposite Materials: Insights from Computational Study.

This study addresses the formidable persistence of tetracycline (TC) in the environment and its adverse impact on soil, water, and microbial ecosystems. To combat this issue, an innovative approach by varying polythiophene ((C4H4S)n; n = 3, 5, 7, 9) units and the subsequent interaction with Ti-doped graphene/boron nitride (Ti@GP_BN) nanocomposites was applied as catalysts for investigating the molecular structure, adsorption, excitation analysis, and photodegradation mechanism of tetracycline within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP-gd3bj/def2svp method. This study reveals a compelling correlation between the adsorption potential of the nanocomposites and their corresponding excitation behaviors, particularly notable in the fifth and seventh units of the polythiophene configuration. These units exhibit distinct excitation patterns, characterized by energy levels of 1.3406 and 924.81 nm wavelengths for the fifth unit and 1.3391 and 925.88 nm wavelengths for the seventh unit. Through exploring deeper, the examination of the exciton binding energy emerges as a pivotal factor, bolstering the outcomes derived from both UV-vis transition analysis and adsorption exploration. Notably, the calculated exciton binding energies of 0.120 and 0.103 eV for polythiophene units containing 5 and 7 segments, respectively, provide compelling confirmation of our findings. This convergence of data reinforces the integrity of our earlier analyses, enhancing our understanding of the intricate electronic and energetic interplay within these intricate systems. This study sheds light on the promising potential of the polythiophene/Ti-doped graphene/boron nitride nanocomposite as an efficient candidate for TC photodegradation, contributing to the advancement of sustainable environmental remediation strategies. This study was conducted theoretically; hence, experimental studies are needed to authenticate the use of the studied nanocomposites for degrading TC.