Prototype Testing Research Articles

Simulation Analysis and Parameter Optimization of Seed–Flesh Separation Process of Seed Melon Crushing and Seed Extraction Separator Based on DEM

In order to enhance the comprehensive processing quality and production efficiency of seed melons, a seed melon crushing and seed-extraction separator has been developed and designed. Aiming at the issues of high impurity rate and scratch rate of melon seeds in the process of seed–flesh separation, the structure and parameters of the seed–flesh separation device were optimized in this study by simulation analysis and field testing. The simulation model of melon seed, melon flesh, and the seed–flesh separation device based on the discrete element method (DEM) was established, and the simulation parameters were calibrated. Subsequently, the melon seed impurity rate (G1) and the melon seed scratch rate (G2) were used as the evaluation indexes. The single-factor simulation test was carried out on the separation roller speed (A). The spacing between the scraper and the screen (B), the separation roller scraper inclination angle (C), and the influence rules of each factor on the separation effect of the seed–flesh were obtained. Finally, the three-factor and three-level orthogonal test was carried out. Using the method of ANOVA and multi-objective optimization, the optimal working parameters of the device were obtained as A-117.53 r/min, B-5 mm, and C-10°, at which time the optimal evaluation indexes were G1-5.59% and G2-2.85%. The prototype test was carried out with the optimization results. The values of G1 and G2 were measured at 5.71% and 2.91%, respectively, and the relative errors with the simulation values were 2.15% and 2.11%, respectively, which were basically the same between the simulation model and the prototype test. The results indicate that the designed separation roller speed, spacing between the scraper and screen, and separation roller scraper inclination angle can meet the requirements of seed–flesh separation in the seed melon crushing and seed-extraction separator. The results of the DEM study can provide a reference for the optimal design of the seed–flesh separation device.

Design and Initial Tests of a Fast Neutron Radiography Detector Prototype with Silicon Photomultiplier Readouts

Among non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques, fast neutron radiography with a higher penetration capability has achieved rapid advancements. However, the application of the radiography detector in many fast neutron imaging systems is limited by unfavorable detection efficiency and imaging spatial resolution. In this paper, a fast neutron radiography detector was designed, which was composed of a pixelated EJ200 scintillator array, a 16 × 16 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array, and capacitive multiplexing network readout electronics. The main parameters of the detector were optimized using Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, the prototype of the detector was fabricated and tested under a 14 MeV D-T neutron source. The preliminary test results demonstrated that the spatial resolution of the prototype reached 1.2 mm. Moreover, the conflict between spatial resolution and detection efficiency could be mitigated by using a pixelated scintillator structure. Overall, SiPMs enabled the extensive application of the imaging system because of their excellent photon detection performance, relatively low price, and joint possibility for large areas.

Design and Verification of Piano Playing Assisted Hand Exoskeleton Robot.

Finger technique is a crucial aspect of piano learning, and hand exoskeleton mechanisms effectively assist novice piano players in maintaining correct finger technique consistently. Addressing current issues with exoskeleton robots, such as the inability to provide continuous correction of finger technique and their considerable weight, a novel hand exoskeleton robot has been developed to enhance finger technique through continuous correction and reduced weight. Initial data are gathered using finger joint angle sensors to analyze movements during piano playing, focusing on the trajectory and angular velocity of key strikes. This analysis informs the design of a 6-bar double-closed-loop mechanism with an end equivalent sliding pair, using analytical methods to establish the relationship between motor extension and input rod rotation. Simulation studies assess the exoskeleton's motion space and dynamics, confirming its capability to meet structural and functional demands for accurate key striking. Prototype testing validates the exoskeleton's ability to maintain correct finger positioning and mimic natural strike speeds, thus improving playing technique while ensuring comfort and safety.

Progress in passive spent fuel pool cooling system R&D based on heat pipe technology

Following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, particularly the hydrogen explosion at Unit 4, the safety of spent fuel pools garnered heightened attention, and the global nuclear industry extensively studied post-accident cooling of spent fuel pools consequently. During this period, the distinguished passive capabilities of heat pipes led to their superior adoption as primary heat exchangers, gradually becoming a technical consensus in the whole field. Starting in 2016, based on the series of PEX (Passive Experimental Facility), the group led by China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd. (CNPE) commenced continuous research on heat pipe mechanisms, the design of separate plate heat exchangers, and the overall characteristics of the Passive Spent Fuel Pool Cooling System (PSFS). And in 2023, CNPE proposed the conceptual design for the Linglong One PSFS system finally. The PEX series experiments were completed in two phases using four sets of experimental apparatus: the feasibility study phase with PEX00 and PEX00+, smaller-scale experimental setups with heat power 2–10 kW, primarily addressing issues related to heat pipe mechanisms, working fluid selection, optimal filling rate, vacuum maintenance, system startup characteristics, and the engineering feasibility of separate heat pipe heat exchanger; and the prototype testing phase with PEX50K and PEX100K. PEX50K, a medium-scale conceptual prototype test facility with heat power 50–100 kW employing a novel separated plate heat pipe (SPHP), focusing on research on innovative heat pipe devices. PEX100K, a large-scale engineering prototype test facility with heat power 100–200 kW employing traditional separated tube heat pipes (STHP), aimed at performance verification of engineering prototype units. After five years of research, the SPHP-based approach was ultimately selected, while the initial one with STHP was discarded. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of CNPE's pioneering, exhaustive, and systematic research and development process on SPHP and PSFS. details the PEX series experimental apparatus, and presents the main conclusions. More detailed experimental data, discussions on specific phenomena in certain experiments, detailed descriptions of equipment's processes, and ongoing actual system-level tests will be discussed in subsequent papers.

Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Peminjaman dan Pengembalian Buku Berbasis Website Interaktif

Library SMA Negeri 1 Mlati still not accurate in data maintenance, so that impact on often happened mistake or not discipline in delay of return of book. In addition to obtaining information relating to the collection of books takes a long time. So that the System will run the System that can help librarians SMA Negeri 1 Mlati in the process of management of computerized data administration and System that can provide information to the librarian of SMA Negeri 1 Mlati for borrowers who have not returned the book. The purpose to facilitate officers in processing transactions and maintain data collection of books on the Library SMA Negeri 1 Mlati. The system development method used is the Prototype methodology which includes the identification of user needs, prototype creation, prototype testing, and prototype improvement. For data collection method using observation and interview method. For system model used is Context Diagram, Data Flow Diagram (DFD) and Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD). The software for the design and implementation of the program using Apache as a web server, mySQL as a database server, Sublime Text 3 as a writing editor programming language PHP and HTML. Results or output to be achieved that is generated library system that can handle data administration, data maintenance, and information borrower books on the library. The final stage is to implement an information system that includes the implementation of software, hardware, database and interface of the resulting system.

A contactless energy transfer type of 3-DOF ultrasonic tool holder

The vibration form of the tool has a significant impact on the machining effect in rotary ultrasonic machining. Compared with 1DOF rotary ultrasonic machining, multi-DOF rotary ultrasonic machining have comprehensive advantages in the machining performance. However, the current multi-DOF rotary ultrasonic machining faces the challenges of miniaturization, multi-DOF vibration integration and high rotary speed. Therefore, a 3DOF ultrasonic vibration tool holder with decoupled three-channel contactless energy transfer was proposed, which realize 1DOF, 2DOF and 3DOF rotary ultrasonic machining with the same resonant frequency and the vibration conversion functions at high rotation speed. Structure design, principle analysis and simulation verification was carried out to determine the structure size and material. Through manufacturing and testing of prototype, the results show that under the performance of high speed, high transfer efficiency with 93 % and low temperature rise. The prototype of 3DOF ultrasonic vibration tool holder can not only integrate six vibration forms with high amplitude, but also has the function of replacing the milling tool for metal and grinding tool for brittle materials. Finally, through machining experiments with different vibration forms, two kinds of elliptical vibration produce regular textures with different shapes in the Ti-6Al-4V milling. In Al2O3 grinding, the surface roughness is the lowest under 2DOF vertical elliptical vibration grinding. While the 2DOF horizontal elliptical vibration grinding significantly improves the chip removal and prolongs the tool life. These findings provide guidance for machining performance under various vibration mode. It was proved that this tool holder integrated and switch with multiple vibration modes is of great value for high efficiency and high-quality multi-procedure machining.

First successful downhole testing of the permeability logging prototype

Abstract This article reports on the successful downhole testing of the prototype permeability logging instrument, developed by the Li Ning Innovation Team of PetroChina. The test was carried out on 3 March 2024 in the Ren 91 standard well in Huabei (North China). In this article, we analysed the instrument characteristics of porosity logging measurement, saturation logging measurement, and permeability logging measurement in three stages of development, as well as the current research status of continuous depth-permeability measurement in the wellbore formations. We highlighted the basic principle of permeability logging measurement with Stoneley waves and pointed out the main challenges in the development of permeability logging measurement devices and on-site application research.

3D printed CoCrMo personalised load-bearing meta-scaffold for critical size tibial reconstruction

Porous scaffolds have evolved, allowing personalised 3D-printed structures that can improve tissue reconstruction. By using scaffolds with specific porosity, Poisson's ratio and stiffness, load-bearing tissues such as tibial reconstruction can be improved. Recent studies suggest the potential for negative Poisson's ratio (−υ) meta-scaffolds in mimicking the behaviour of natural tissue, leading to improved healing and tissue reintegration. This study reveals a porous meta-scaffold that offers high −υ and can be personalised to match desired stiffness. By using laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) of CoCrMo, a porous structure was created, characterised by its ability to achieve heightened −υ. Prototype testing and numerical modelling unveiled a proxy-model capable of predicting and personalising the porosity, yield strength, elastic modulus, and −υ of the tibial meta-scaffold representing a novel contribution to the field. The surrogate model also aids characterising the impact of design variables such as of the scaffold on the key performance requirements of the tibial scaffold. This approach enables the fabrication of porous biomaterials with personalised properties, specifically suited for load-bearing tibial reconstruction. The resulting meta-scaffold offers −υ ranging from -0.16 to -0.38, porosity between 73.46% and 85.36%, yield strength of 30–80 MPa, and elastic modulus ranging from 8.6 to 22.6 GPa. The optimised architecture feature −υ of 0.223 and a targeted elastic modulus of 17.53 GPa, while also showcasing yield strength and porosity of 57.2 MPa and 76.35%, respectively. By combining 3D printing with tailored scaffolds, this study opens doors to mass customisation of improved load-bearing porous biomaterials that of negative Poisson's ratio and stiffness matching.

User-centred design, validation and clinical testing of an anti-choking mug for people with Parkinson’s disease

Oropharyngeal dysphagia, or difficulty initiating swallowing, is a frequent problem in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and can lead to aspiration pneumonia. The efficacy of pharmacological options is limited. Postural strategies, such as a chin-down manoeuvre when drinking, have had some degree of success but may be difficult for people who have other limitations such as dementia or neck rigidity, to reproduce consistently. Using a user-centred design approach and a multidisciplinary team, we developed and tested an anti-choking mug for people with PD that helps angle the head in the optimum position for drinking. The design reflected anthropometric and ergonomic aspects of user needs with features including regulation of water flow rate and sip volume, an inner slope, a thickened handle and a wide base, which promoted a chin-down posture when used. Prototype testing using digital technology to compare neck flexion angles (the primary outcome), plus clinical outcomes assessed using standard tools (Swallowing Clinical Assessment Score in Parkinson’s Disease (SCAS-PD) and Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Parts II and III), found significant improvements in a range of parameters related to efficient swallowing and safe drinking when using the anti-choking mug versus a sham mug.

Improving the performance of magnetorheological elastomer-based adaptive isolator through integrated compression-torsion structure

In this paper, a novel magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) isolator with a compression-torsion structure was developed to address existing challenges related to stiffness variation, damping force, and magnetic control range. Through performance testing of the vibration isolator prototype and theoretical analysis based on traditional magnetic dipole model of the MRE, the effects of applied magnetic field and compression displacement on the performance of the designed MRE isolator were systematically evaluated. The results showed that integrating the compression-torsion structure not only enhances the magneto-induced mechanical performance of the MRE but also improves the overall performance of the entire MRE isolator. The output force of the MRE isolator with a compression-torsion structure generally surpasses than that of the MRE isolator lacking this feature. The isolator’s stiffness can vary by up to 119% compared to its initial stiffness when a 2 A current is applied at a compression displacement of 0.5 mm. The proposed design, combining the compression-torsion structure and the MRE isolator, offers new insights for future research and applications in the realm of MRE isolators.

IoT-based Flex Sensor Gloves for Immobility Patients: A Prototype

Immobility patients often experience difficulties in daily interactions, especially communicating with nurses or carers. This study designed a glove prototype installed with a tension sensor as a communication tool to help patients. The designed prototype, a cutting-edge innovation, is paired with five flexible sensors to make it easier for nurses to read the five-finger movement signals. This prototype is not just a tool but a lifeline, equipped with temperature and pulse sensors that provide real-time monitoring of the patient’s physical condition, enhancing patient safety. Testing of the flex sensor glove prototype is carried out by processing flex-sensor input data temperature sensors, and Pulse Oximeter sensors so that they can be displayed on the Blynk application. Every movement conveys the patient's emotions and is implemented with Arduino UNO; a wireless serial interface is used for data transmission between transmitter and receiver. In an emergency, communications will be transmitted using a GSM module. The flex sensor indentation is processed by Arduino-Nano and sent to the Blynk application. Every movement conveys the patient's emotions and is implemented with Arduino UNO; a wireless serial interface is used for data transmission between transmitter and receiver. In an emergency, communications will be transmitted using a GSM module. The results of the flex sensor test show that the prototype will send notifications in the form of requests to the Blynk application.

Designing The UI/UX of a Website Introducing Traditional Culture Focusing on Dance Using the User-Centered Design Method

Culture is the entire system of ideas, actions and results created by humans in social life that humans possess through the learning process. Introduction to traditional culture is an important part in maintaining and developing the identity of a society. In the digital era, the use of technology as a medium to promote traditional culture is very important. Mahograyasah art studio is one of the art studios or places to learn art which currently has problems, namely in the delivery of material. As a result, learning effectiveness decreases and participants have difficulty mastering the material well. The participants felt it was ineffective to receive the material directly and preferred to practice. However, due to the time and large number of participants, direct practice is difficult. Apart from that, the studio does not provide video tutorials for independent study at home, so participants only rely on learning when practicing in class. To overcome this problem, researchers used the User-Centered Design (UCD) method by developing a web-based prototype. Testing was carried out using the System Usability Scale (SUS). In this research, figma is used to design a website which contains dance material, dance videos, games and locations. The result of this research is a dance learning website prototype for the Mahograyasah studio. Based on prototype testing using the System Usability Scale (SUS) method, the average SUS score obtained was 88. 625. Thus it can be concluded that the Introduction to Traditional Culture learning website focusing on Dance has been accepted and meets the expected criteria. Keywords:Traditional Culture, Dance, User-Centered Design, prototype, System Usability Scale.

Electro-mechano-acoustical equivalent circuit model of z-structured piezoelectric transducer

To meet the demands of low frequency, small size, light weight and high power in the underwater application, a z-structured piezoelectric transducer (ZPT) is innovated, and its equivalent circuit representation is derived. In configuration, ZPT employs the bender beam to implement z-shaped structure for the compact design. In mechanics, ZPT utilizes the coupled longitudinal-bending vibration to produce a large output at a low frequency. In order to study the electro-mechano-acoustical behavior of ZPT, an equivalent circuit model is built based on the conception of analogy, and subsequently solved through the matrix-based methodology. The crux of this model lies in the derivation of the representation about the beam. The corresponding simulations indicate that the effect of the bender beam on ZPT is significant, and its connecting function and bending vibration makes it possible for ZPT to achieve the performance of compact structure and low frequency. The tests of the transducer prototype show that our ZPT has the size of Φ70 × 110 mm, the weight of ∼1.056 kg without housing and the transmitting voltage response (TVR) of 124.9 dB at the resonance frequency of 2.088 kHz. The experimental results show a good agreement with the equivalent circuit simulations of the ZPT. The benefits about low frequency, small size and light weight of the ZPT are attributed to its z-structured design and coupled longitudinal-bending vibration.

Research on Load Estimation for Commercial Trucks Based on Air Suspension State Parameters

For commercial trucks, accurate vehicle load information is crucial to preventing overloading and uneven load distribution, thereby improving transportation efficiency and reducing transportation costs. Existing research on vehicle load estimation primarily focuses on tires, axles, frames, and leaf springs, with limited studies on load estimation for vehicles equipped with air suspension. This paper presents the design of a vehicle onboard weighing system for civil commercial trucks based on the state parameters of air springs and proposes a matching method for vehicle load estimation. The system utilizes laser distance- and gas pressure sensors to collect the state parameters of the air springs. It estimates the vehicle load and displays the load information in real time on the onboard display. The vehicle load estimation method was explored through prototype testing and theoretical derivation. A fitting model was constructed using surface fitting techniques to establish the relationship between the effective contact area and the height variation and capsule pressure of the air spring. Subsequently, a load prediction model was built based on the force equilibrium equation of the air springs. Finally, the construction and accuracy of the load prediction model for a specific type of diaphragm air spring were verified using finite element analysis. The results demonstrated that the average relative error of the load prediction model could be controlled within 1%, meeting the high accuracy requirements of the vehicle weighing system.

Penerapan Desain UI/UX dalam Pengembangan Aplikasi Administrasi Keuangan Logistik untuk Efisiensi Operasional di PT Prima Cipta Express dengan Metode Design Thinking

In the current digital era, information technology and software applications are important for increasing operational efficiency in the business world, especially in the fields of logistics and financial management. Ineffective management of logistics financial administration can result in increased costs, delays in delivery, and even inaccuracies in financial reports. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of overcoming operational efficiency challenges for PT Prima Cipta Express. One approach that can be taken to overcome this challenge is to apply the Design Thinking method which includes the Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype and Test stages. At the testing stage, this research uses usability testing and SUS (System Usability Scale) calculations which are useful for testing prototype usability. This research, testing involved a prototype user experience using Task Scenario. Usability test results according to the System Usability Scale (SUS) calculations reached 86, which is at a good level (grade B) and is included in the "Excellent" category. These results indicate that users positively evaluate the ease of use of the application. Referring to the average SUS score of 68, it can be concluded that this application design is well received by users and is suitable for use.

Validation activities at ENEA Brasimone in support of the IFMIF-DONES design

IFMIF-DONES is a powerful neutron source which is being designed with the main purpose of qualifying structural materials (EUROFER being the first candidate) to be used in DEMO and fusion power plants envisaged after it. This source relies on one high current (125 mA) deuterons beam accelerated to 40 MeV which impacts on a liquid lithium target to produce an intense neutron flux through Li(d,n) stripping reactions able to simulate the nuclear responses expected on the first wall of the reactor. The engineering design of IFMIF-DONES is presently being carried out mainly in the framework of the EUROfusion Work Package Early Neutron Source (WPENS). Since 2021, a new phase has started with the launch of the FP9 WPENS workplan whose objective is to continue advancing the engineering design of the facility, putting special effort on the experimental validation of those aspects which still need to be qualified to demonstrate the fulfillment of functional and safety requirements. The ENEA Brasimone Research Centre has been and still is strongly committed in several validation tasks concerned in particular with the lithium systems design and the Remote Handling (RH) maintenance.In this paper, an overview of the most relevant validation activities carried out in recent years or still in progress or planned at the ENEA Brasimone Research Centre in both of the aforementioned areas is presented, including the erosion/corrosion tests in the Lifus 6 loop; the nitrogen-gettering materials qualification in the ANGEL facility; and the RH and prototypes testing in the DRP laboratory for the validation of the High Flux Test Module electric connectors and the pre-heating of the Target Assembly.

Preliminary Testing of a Passive Exoskeleton Prototype Based on McKibben Muscles

Upper-limb exoskeletons for industrial applications can enhance the comfort and productivity of workers by reducing muscle activity and intra-articular forces during overhead work. Current devices typically employ a spring-based mechanism to balance the gravitational torque acting on the shoulder. As an alternative, this paper presents the design of a passive upper-limb exoskeleton based on McKibben artificial muscles. The interaction forces between the exoskeleton and the user, as well as the mechanical resistance of the exoskeleton structure, were investigated to finalize the design of the device prior to its prototyping. Details are provided about the solutions adopted to assemble, wear, and regulate the exoskeleton’s structure. The first version of the device weighing about 5.5 kg was manufactured and tested by two users in a motion analysis laboratory. The results of this study highlight that the exoskeleton can effectively reduce the activation level of shoulder muscles without affecting the lumbar strain.

Perancangan prototype UI/UX aplikasi home service kendaraan berbasis mobile dengan pendekatan Design Thinking

Vehicle repair services require most customers to spend extra time visiting a repair shop. Customers generally also have to wait in line for a very long time, so that service becomes less effective and efficient. This research aims to design a UI/UX prototype of the mobile-based Hi Service application so that it is hoped that it can make it easier to manage call services or home service for vehicle repairs by directly visiting the customer's home. The research method used is the Design Thinking approach which has five process stages in meeting user needs. UI/UX prototype testing is carried out using usability testing with a System Usability Scale (SUS) assessment. The research results show that the Hi Service application prototype test received a score of 82 and was included in the excellent category or rate. The study shows that the Design Thinking approach to the prototype created is able to meet user needs. Apart from that, testing the prototype through usability testing with SUS assessment showed a positive impact on the user experience when running the UI/UX prototype of the Hi Service application.

Novel Design of Interlocking 3-Dimensional Miniplate in Mandibular Angle Fractures: An In Vitro Study.

The evolution of osteosynthesis has led to the development of novel miniplate designs, including 3-dimensional (3D) miniplates, which offer improved biomechanical stability. However, mandible fractures resulting from the high impact have a complex fracture configuration. Hence, the authors developed interlocking 3D miniplate to overcome the difficulty in miniplate and screw placement to avoid critical anatomic structures, that is, dental roots and nerve, while still providing stability for the fracture fragments. The interlocking 3D miniplates can be formed according to the specific needs by adjusting the horizontal and vertical cross struts configuration. This study describes a design process of interlocking 3D miniplates and evaluates biomechanical performance compared to standard miniplates. Finite element analysis was performed to evaluate the design's stress state using human and goat mandible models under various loading conditions. After the authors, established that our design was feasible for fabrication, the authors developed the prototype for biomechanical testing. Biomechanical testing was conducted on 10 goat mandibles to compare stability and displacement under various load between the interlocking 3D miniplate and the standard miniplate configuration. Biomechanical testing revealed reduced displacement in all directions with the interlocking 3D miniplate compared to the standard miniplate. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in all loads in the buccal-lingual displacement ( P <0.05). The novel interlocking 3D miniplate design shows an adequate ability to provide stability for fixation for mandibular fractures, as evidenced by finite element analysis and biomechanical testing. Further research is necessary to validate these findings and explore the clinical application of interlocking 3D miniplates in mandibular fracture management.

Investigation of black cotton soil using prototype testing as a clay core material for embankment dams

Investigation of black cotton soil using prototype testing as a clay core material for embankment dams