Measurement Invariance Testing Research Articles

How Can Conflicts with Supervisors or Coworkers Affect Construction Workers’ Safety Performance on Site? Two Cross-Sectional Studies in North America

A safety plateau in the construction industry has been reported in the US and Canada, which has prompted researchers to seek new factors affecting construction safety performance. Tapping into advancements in the theory of human and organizational behaviors can yield valuable new perspectives. Therefore, by leveraging the advancement of the Job Demand Control Support model in the field of occupational safety and health, this paper firstly tested the impact of one newly added hindrance stressor (i.e., interpersonal conflicts on construction sites) by researchers on organizational behaviors on the safety performance of construction workers, based on two cross-sectional studies in the US and Canada. Differentiations were made between conflicts with supervisors and conflicts with coworkers. One personal resource factor, i.e., individual resilience, was also considered in this paper. A “causal” chain that shows the mitigation impact of individual resilience on conflicts with supervisors or coworkers, and the adverse impact of conflicts with supervisors or coworkers, on unsafe events were found to hold true for both US and Canadian construction sites, based on the results from measurement invariance tests and structural equation modelling. Recommendations regarding how to improve construction workers’ individual resilience and reduce interpersonal conflicts on site, thereby reducing safety incidents on site, are provided.

Assessing Electronic Health Literacy in Individuals With the Post-COVID-19 Condition Using the German Revised eHealth Literacy Scale: Validation Study.

The eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) is a widely used instrument for measuring eHealth literacy (eHL). However, little is known so far about whether the instrument is valid for the assessment of eHL in persons who are affected by the post-COVID-19 condition. This is particularly important as people with the post-COVID-19 condition are frequently affected by false information from the internet. The objective of our study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the German Revised eHealth Literacy Scale (GR-eHEALS) in individuals with the post-COVID-19 condition. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2022. The self-assessment survey consisted of the GR-eHEALS, health status- and internet use-related variables, sociodemographic data, and (post)-COVID-19-related medical data. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), correlational analyses, and tests of measurement invariance were deployed. In total, 330 participants were included in the statistical analyses. CFA revealed that the 2-factor model reached an excellent model fit (comparative fit index=1.00, Tucker-Lewis index=0.99, root mean square error of approximation=0.036, standardized root mean square residual=0.038). Convergent validity was confirmed by significant positive correlations between eHL and knowledge of internet-based health promotion programs, experience in using these programs, and the duration of private internet use. In addition, a significantly negative relationship of eHL with internet anxiety supported convergent validity. Further, significant relationships of eHL with mental health status and internal health locus of control confirmed the criterion validity of the instrument. However, relationships of eHL with physical health status and quality of life could not be confirmed. The 2-factor model was fully measurement invariant regarding gender. Regarding age and educational level, partial measurement invariance was confirmed. The subscales as well as the overall GR-eHEALS reached good-to-excellent reliability (Cronbach α≥.86). The GR-eHEALS is a reliable and largely valid instrument for assessing eHL in individuals with the post-COVID-19 condition. Measurement invariance regarding gender was fully confirmed and allows the interpretation of group differences. Regarding age and educational level, group differences should be interpreted with caution. Given the high likelihood that individuals with the post-COVID-19 condition will be confronted with misinformation on the Internet, eHL is a core competency that is highly relevant in this context, in both research and clinical practice. Therefore, future research should also explore alternative instruments to capture eHL to overcome shortcomings in the validity of the GR-eHEALS.

Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of the Sexual and Gender Minority Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale Among Sexual Minority Men and Women.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are known determinants of negative health outcomes. Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals have higher ACE scores than non-SGM individuals. The SGM-ACE scale was developed to better assess this population but is not yet validated in SGM subgroups. This study aims to validate the sexual and gender minority adverse childhood experiences (SGM-ACE) scale among sexual minority men (SMM) and sexual minority women (SMW), while testing measurement invariance across both groups. A cross-sectional survey included 530 sexual minority adults (265 men, 265 women) in the United States. Cronbach's alpha established internal consistency reliability. Validity was assessed via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for the SGM-ACE's theoretical structure and Pearson's correlations for concurrent validity with substance use outcomes (alcohol, cannabis, and drugs). Multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM) determined measurement invariance between SMM and SMW. The CFA of the original model exhibited good fit. Fit was improved after removing the institutionalization item, chi-square (χ2) = 14.26, degrees of freedom (df) = 9, p = 0.113, minimum discrepancy (CMIN/df) = 1.59, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.99, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.03, 90% confidence interval (CI): (0.00-0.06), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.02. Internal consistency reliability was established (α = 0.78). SGM-ACE exhibited weak, yet significant relationships with each substance use outcome. Multigroup SEM indicated measurement invariance between SMM and SMW. This study provides psychometric validation of the SGM-ACE, establishing measurement invariance between SMM and SMW. Future research should explore its utility in diverse SGM minority subgroups.

Different self-damaging behaviours, similar motives? Testing measurement invariance of motives for nonsuicidal self-injury, disordered eating and substance misuse.

Theory and research suggest that distinct self-damaging behaviours (SDBs; e.g., nonsuicidal self-injury [NSSI], restrictive eating, binge eating, drug misuse, alcohol misuse) share similar motives. However, few studies have used a common self-report inventory to investigate the shared relevance and relative salience of motives for SDBs. Accordingly, the present study: (1) examined whether self-report scales assessing intrapersonal motives (i.e., relieving negative emotions, enhancing positive emotions, punishing oneself) and interpersonal motives (i.e., bonding with others, conforming with others, communicating distress, communicating strength, reducing demands) have invariant factor structures across SDBs; and (2) compared the salience of these motives across SDBs. 1018 adults (54.6% men, Mage = 35.41 years) with a history of SDBs were allocated to the following groups: NSSI (n = 213), restrictive eating (n = 200), binge eating (n = 200), drug misuse (n = 200) or alcohol misuse (n = 205). Participants reported on their motives for engaging in their allocated SDB. Measurement invariance analyses compared the factor structures and latent means of the motive scales across SDBs. The motive scales had comparable factor structures across SDBs. Intrapersonal motives were most strongly endorsed for NSSI and drug misuse. Interpersonal motives were most strongly endorsed for drug and alcohol misuse. All motives were least salient to restrictive eating. Results suggest that common motives underlie distinct SDBs and that they can be adequately assessed using a single self-report inventory. However, certain motives are more relevant to some SDBs than others, with restrictive eating being the most motivationally distinct SDB. This knowledge can inform transdiagnostic models and interventions for SDBs.

Item Response Theory Analysis and Measurement Invariance Testing of the Cultural Humility and Enactment Scale

Objective This study aimed to validate the Cultural Humility and Enactment Scale (CHES) through (a) examining its factor structure with multiple samples; (b) employing item response theory (IRT) analysis to examine its item-level characteristics; (c) reducing potential redundancies among items; and (d) conducting measurement invariance (MI) testing. Method The sample included a total of 610 individuals with diverse demographic backgrounds recruited from Mturk. Analyses included exploratory factor analysis (EFA), IRT analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and multi-group CFA. Results We replicated the three-factor structure and retained the 21-item CHES (CHES-21), which showed equivalent information coverage and superior model fit compared to the original 29-item version. We also obtained evidence for MI of the CHES-21 between White and nonwhite clients and between male and non-male clients. Conclusion Evidencing reliability and validity with a sample of adult clients, the CHES-21 can be effectively incorporated into counseling practice and counselor training.

Assessing age discrimination in workplaces: psychometric exploration of the Workplace Age Discrimination Scale (WADS-G).

In contemporary workplaces characterized by diverse age groups working collaboratively, the assessment of age discrimination as an interpersonal phenomenon has gained heightened significance. This study focuses on adapting and scrutinizing the psychometric properties of the German iteration of the Workplace Age Discrimination Scale (WADS-G). Comprehensive Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) results affirm a robust fit for the unidimensional model. Convergent validity is established through correlations between WADS-G scores and related instruments, while discriminant validity is evidenced by its lack of association with extraversion. Noteworthy findings include a positive correlation with turnover intention and negative correlations with job satisfaction, occupational self-efficacy, and organizational affective commitment. Despite its merits, the predictive efficacy of the WADS-G is notably inferior when juxtaposed with the Workplace Incivility Scale. Its explanatory power for turnover intention is constrained when accounting for variables such as job satisfaction, work environment, neuroticism, and core self-evaluation. Although measurement invariance testing across gender groups reveals scalar to strict measurement invariance, the examination across age groups indicates metric invariance. However, Confirmatory Factor Analyses for the 18-30 and 50+ age groups, central to the research emphasis, reveal suboptimal model fit. These outcomes prompt a nuanced discussion on whether the WADS-G aptly captures age-discriminatory experiences across diverse age and gender cohorts among employees.

대학생의 학과만족 척도 개발 및 타당화

Objectives This study aims to develop Satisfaction with Academic Department Scale (SADS) and testing measurement invariance by gender and major field for university students in South Korea.
 Methods The survey dataset of 1,775 students was randomly split into two samples. One of them was used for exploratory factor analysis, and the other one was used for confirmatory factor analysis.
 Results The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that SADS consisted of four factors (i.e.,‘course satisfaction’, ‘relationship satisfaction’, ‘perception satisfaction’, ‘general satisfaction’). The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the SADS consisted of 4 factors with 20 items in satisfactory model fit indices. Moreover, measurement invariance by gender and major field (humanities⋅social science/natural sciences⋅engineering/ arts⋅physical education) were strictly supported. The internal consistencies of the items for each sub-factor of SADS were also reliable.
 Conclusions It is expected that SADS will be useful instrument to measure the satisfaction with academic department for university students regardless of gender and major field.

Measurement Invariance of the Children's Social Desirability Scale-Short Version (CSD-S) Across Gender, Grade Level, and Race/Ethnicity.

Social desirability bias is a methodological challenge with participant self-reports. Social desirability measures are often used to control the potential effects of social desirability bias on participant self-reports, but whether these measures are interpreted similarly across different demographic groups remains unclear. This study examines the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Children's Social Desirability Scale-Short version (CSD-S) across gender, grade level, and race/ethnicity with a large sample of children and adolescents in the United States. Results indicate a close fit to a one-factor model. Tests of measurement invariance show partial strong invariance across gender (male vs. female) and grade level (elementary vs. middle vs. high schoolers) as well as strong invariance across race/ethnicity (Asian vs. Black/African American vs. Hispanic/Latine vs. White vs. Bi/Multiracial). Latent mean differences were found across grade level and race/ethnicity but not gender, with lower grades reporting higher social desirability than upper grades and Bi/Multiracials reporting lower social desirability than Asians and Hispanics/Latines. Findings provide preliminary evidence for the use of CSD-S in detecting social desirability bias and assessing meaningful social desirability differences in diverse children and adolescents.

The Fatigue and Altered Cognition Scale among SARS-CoV-2 Survivors: Psychometric Properties and Item Correlations with Depression and Anxiety Symptoms.

Background/Objectives: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Fatigue and Altered Cognition Scale (FACs) among adult COVID-19 survivors and its unique ability to assess symptomology not accounted for by measures of depression and anxiety. Methods: COVID-19 survivors completed an online survey that included the FACs, a measure of brain fog and central fatigue with 20 items rated on a digital-analog scale. Useable data from 559 participants were analyzed to test the two-factor structure of the FACs, test for measurement invariance by sex and device was used to complete the survey (hand-held, computer), and item correlations with symptoms of depression and anxiety were examined. Results: The two-factor structure of the FACs replicated, supporting the separate assessments of brain fog and fatigue, χ2(164) = 1028.363, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.934, TLI = 0.923, RMSEA = 0.097, SRMR = 0.053. The FACs exhibited invariance at the scalar level, indicating item and factor integrity regardless of sex and device type. Using a correlation > 0.70 as a criterion (i.e., indicating more than 50% shared variance between two items), items on the FACs (assessing fatigue and lack of energy) were highly correlated with feeling tired or having little energy on the depression measure. No other items correlated with any anxiety symptom larger than 0.70. Conclusions: The FACs appears to be a psychometrically sound and efficient measure for use with COVID-19 survivors, assessing symptoms of brain fog and central fatigue that are not attributable to symptoms assessed by established measures of depression and anxiety.

Age-related differences in trait affect: Establishing measurement invariance of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS).

The present study examined trajectories of trait positive and trait negative affect as measured by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule across the lifespan. Increasing levels of measurement invariance of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule were tested across a wide age range (18-99 years of age; 10 age groups) in a large sample (N = 3,309; 65.82% women; 74.22% with a university entrance diploma; 92.23% with German as their mother tongue). Strong invariance was established so that the latent factor means of positive and negative affect could be meaningfully compared across age groups. Age had a small effect on positive affect, which showed a reversed U-shaped function with a maximum between the ages of 40 and 50. For negative affect, there was a strong cubic age effect. Specifically, negative affect decreased until about the age of 70 and then increased again. We also found a negative covariance between positive and negative affect, which first increased slightly and then decreased across age groups until becoming positive in the oldest age group. In summary, the present study supports previous findings on age trajectories of positive and negative affect but also highlights the importance of testing for measurement invariance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Chinese version of the simplified psychological flexibility scale-6 (C-Psy-Flex): Study of its psychometric properties from the perspective of classical test theory and network analysis

Existing measures of psychological flexibility have demonstrated certain limitations, highlighting the critical need for the development of a more comprehensive assessment tool that encompasses all facets of psychological flexibility. In response to this necessity, we have developed the 6-item Psychological Flexibility Scale (C-Psy-Flex) as a concise instrument designed to evaluate individuals' psychological flexibility comprehensively. The objective of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Psy-Flex among Chinese college students and teachers. A total of 1511 valid responses were collected, and participants completed the Chinese version of the Psy-Flex, along with several other questionnaires. Exploratory factor analysis with 6 factors and 6 items was conducted on Sample 1 (n = 756). Confirmatory factor analysis on Sample 2 (n = 755) demonstrated good fit for a single-factor structure (χ2 = 21.17, df = 8, P < 0.001, CFI = 0.989, TLI = 0.980, RMSEA = 0.047, RMSEA 90% CI [0.023, 0.071], SRMR = 0.020). Measurement invariance testing indicated strict equivalence of the Chinese version of Psy-Flex across different gender and sample groups. Psychological flexibility was significantly positively associated with life satisfaction, indicators of physical and mental health, and value questionnaire scores, and significantly negatively associated with negative emotions (depression, anxiety, stress) and experiential avoidance. Network analysis visualization techniques were used to further confirm the factor structure of the scale, providing additional evidence of the scale's structural consistency and internal coherence. The Chinese version of the psychological flexibility scale demonstrated good internal consistency, with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.82, 95% CI [0.810, 0.840], and a McDonald's ω coefficient of 0.83, 95% CI [0.811, 0.841]. Overall, the study found that the Chinese version of the Psychological Flexibility Scale demonstrated good reliability and validity.

Structural Validity Evidence for the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale Across 15 Languages

Abstract: Background: The Psychological Science Accelerator (PSA) recently completed a large-scale moral psychology study using translated versions of the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale (OUS). However, the translated versions have no validity evidence. Objective: The study investigated the structural validity evidence of the OUS across 15 translated versions and produced version-specific validity reports. Methods: We analyzed OUS data from the PSA, which was collected internationally on a centralized online questionnaire . We also collected qualitative feedback from experts for each translated version. Results: For each version, we produced version-specific psychometric reports which include the following: (1) descriptive item and demographics analyses, (2) factor structure evidence using confirmatory factor analyses, (3) measurement invariance testing across languages using multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses and alignment optimization, and (4) reliability analyses using coefficients α and ω.

Measurement of adolescent psychological wellbeing: A test of factor structure and measurement invariance.

Gains in holistic approaches to adult mental health have been associated with increasing interest in understanding psychological wellbeing (PWB) among adolescents. Empirical examination of measurement models for PWB in adolescence is lacking. Thus, the current study examined PWB in a longitudinal, diverse sample of 433 adolescents (non-Latinx Black: 37.6%; non-Latinx White: 25.9%; Latinx: 36.5%; Male adolescents: 50.1%). A one-factor, correlated six-factor and hierarchical models were examined across racial/ethnic (White, Black, and Hispanic) and gender (female, male) identities, after which the best fitting model was selected to undergo invariance testing. A one-factor structure was superior, and exhibited strict invariance across racial/ethnic and gender identities at each wave of the study, as well as longitudinal invariance within the entire sample.

Examining the Measurement Invariance and Validity of the SSIS SEL Brief + Mental Health Scales – Student Version in Austria and Germany

The SSIS SEL Brief + Mental Health Scales (SSIS SELb+MHS) are multi-informant assessments developed in the United States to assess the social and emotional learning (SEL) competencies and emotional behavior concerns (EBCs) of school-age youth. Although there are translations of the SEL items of the SSIS SELb+MHS available in other languages, a German translation has never been completed and validated, despite the growing need for SEL and mental health assessment in German-speaking countries. To address this need, this study’s primary purpose was the examination of a German translation of the assessment with a specific focus on measurement invariance and concurrent validity invariance testing with 821 3rd through 6th-grade students in Austria and Germany. Results indicated that the SELb+MHS items clustered into 2 SEL factors and 2 EBC factors. With regard to measurement invariance, the SELb+MHS functioned similarly across both Austria and Germany and full scalar invariance was achieved. Additionally, the overall pattern of concurrent validity relationships was as expected and similar across countries. Implications and future directions are discussed.

Testing for Measurement Invariance of the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms–34 Scores With a University Sample

This study expanded previous psychometric analyses to include gender and race using measurement invariance with the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms (CCAPS-34) on a large sample (n = 4,013) of students referred to a university counseling center. Internal consistency was demonstrated for all subscales with all αs and ωs ≥ .80. The seven-factor model provided a good to excellent fit for all participant subgroup responses. The total sample comparative fit index was .948, the root-mean-square error of approximation was .058 [.057, .059], and the standardized root-mean-square residual was .048. Full measurement invariance was documented across all gender and racial/ethnic identity comparisons (i.e., White, Black, Asian/Pacific Islander, multiracial, Latino/a/x, non-Latino/a/x). The study concluded that CCAPS-34 subscales scores can be used with confidence with college-aged students of diverse backgrounds for screening and outcome assessment purposes.

Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Short Form (DERS-SF): Psychometric Validation and Measurement Invariance Testing in a Sample of Urban Indian Adolescents

Background: Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to emotion dysregulation (ED), a transdiagnostic marker of psychological disorders with implications for academic achievement, identity development, social bonding, mental health, and the overall well-being and development of adolescents. A well-validated tool for the assessment of ED is imperative for credible advances in research on ED among Indian adolescents. Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Short Form (DERS-SF) is a promising tool to assess ED but requires proper psychometric validation among Indian adolescents. The current study validated the factor structure and examined psychometric aspects including gender invariance testing of the DERS-SF in Indian adolescents aged between 14 and 20 years. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a community sample of n = 2079 adolescents completed the English version of the DERS-SF, the Strengths, and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and the Adolescent Problem Behaviour Index. Results: The six-factor model of the DERS-SF exhibited an acceptable model fit in the current study sample. Invariance testing revealed that the DERS-SF is conceptually interpreted in a similar manner by male and female adolescents. Two-way MANOVA indicated gender and age variations on a few DERS-SF subscales. Reliability for DERS-SF was good, α = 0.86. Adequate construct validity was demonstrated by moderate to strong associations of the DERS-SF subscales with measures of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, adolescent problem behaviors, and impulsivity. Conclusions: DERS-SF retained the popular six-factor structure with acceptable psychometric properties and hence can be reliably used with Indian adolescents.

Measurement invairance and construct validity of the Turkish version of the learner autonomy scale in a sample of high and secondary school students

The goal of this research is to adapt the 24-item "Learner Autonomy Scale" developed by Sereti and Giossos (2018) in higher education samples into Turkish by examining the psychometric properties of high school and secondary school samples, and to determine whether these groups are equivalent in terms of measurement invariance. The scale was applied in high school (n = 475) and secondary school (n = 395) samples consisting of 870 students. Different from the original four-factor scale form, EFA applied to both groups revealed a two-factor (factor load range: .308-.775) and 21-item. Correlation values (r = .209-.392, p˂.001) indicate that the factors are not strongly related. The factors produced adequate internal consistency coefficients (α = .706-.866; ω = .708-.871) and were validated by meeting the fit indices accepted in the literature for CFA. Measurement invariance tests revealed strong invariance for the structural and metric tests and partial invariance for the scalar test in high school and secondary school samples. More research is needed to determine why the intersections of items 19, 20, and 21 are not invariant. The main contribution to "learner autonomy" in this study is the adaptation and justification of a valid and reliable measurement tool for determining autonomy in the adolescent age group. The use of the adapted scale in different educational environments and in the examination of "autonomy" by adapting it specific to the field (science, mathematics, etc.) will provide important implications for further theoretical studies.

Application of DeLone and McLean model on students’ E-learning systems during COVID-19 using PLS-SEM

Education is the most important factor for growth of countries’ social and economic development. The purpose of this study is to know online learning experience, system satisfaction and system usage of students in University of Gujrat. Due to COVID-19 pandemic, traditional (face to face) learning method was stopped and educational institutions shifted to online teaching and learning platforms. To gauge online learning system (platforms) a modified DeLone and McLean (D&amp;M) model was used that comprising Instructors’ Information Quality, Instructors’ Service Quality, System Quality, System Usage, System Satisfaction and Academic Achievements factors. The data was collected from 340 students (Batch, 2017-20) using self-administrated questionnaire through Students’ University email medium. Reliability and Validity of the data was tested and found up to the mark. The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed that all underlying factors achieved measurement invariance test and Fernell and Lacker criteria. Multi-group analysis showed that students of BS4th and BS8th/MSc4th have different opinion with respect to instructors’ information quality towards system satisfaction. Also, students of BS6th and BS8th/MSc 4th have different view according to system usage and their academic achievements. Further, PLS-SEM results showed that students of BS6th and BS8th/MSc4th reported significant positive impact of System Usage on their Academic Achievements. Furthermore, results depicted that a week negative relationship exist between instructors’ service quality with system satisfaction.

Examining measurement invariance of appetitive trait and ARFID symptom measures by food security status

ObjectiveMeasures assessing appetitive traits (i.e., individual differences in the desire to consume food) and disordered eating have generally been developed in predominantly food-secure populations. The current study aims to test measurement invariance (MI) for a measure of appetitive traits and a measure of Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) symptomology across food security status. MethodData from a sample of mothers (n = 634) and two undergraduate samples (n = 945 and n = 442) were used to assess MI for the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire (AEBQ), which measures appetitive traits, and the Nine Item ARFID Screen (NIAS), which measures ARFID symptomology. Current food security was assessed using the 18-item USDA Household Food Security Survey Module, which was dichotomized into two groups: 1) the ‘food insecure’ group included marginal, low, and very low food security and 2) the ‘food secure’ group included high food security. Overall and multi-group confirmatory factor analyses were conducted separately for each measure in each sample. ResultsResults demonstrated scalar (i.e., strong) MI for both measures across samples, indicating that these measures performed equivalently across food-secure and food-insecure individuals. ConclusionFindings suggest that differences in appetitive traits by food security status observed in prior research are not artifacts of measurement differences, but instead reflect true differences. Additionally, past mixed results regarding the relationship between food insecurity (FI) and ARFID symptomology are not likely driven by measurement error when using the NIAS.

Sustainability-related product satisfaction – Development and application of a multi-dimensional measurement instrument

Given the increased pressure of customers on companies to engage in sustainability efforts, satisfying their sustainability expectations for their products is crucial. However, research on customer satisfaction so far has widely neglected sustainability concerns. Based on the sustainability literature we conceptualize a multi-dimensional measurement instrument for sustainability-related product satisfaction (SPS). Scale purification and validation using three independent samples support six subdimensions: sustainable product value, sustainable product manufacturing, sustainable product use, sustainable product life-cycle, product accessibility, and sustainable product end-of-life. The employed MIMIC approach lends support to the conceptualization of SPS as a Type II second-order factor model. Measurement invariance tests support the scale's cross-regional equivalence. When assessing criterion-related validity, we find that compared with other facets of product satisfaction, SPS is strongly related to increasing word-of-mouth but less so to customer loyalty. The availability of sustainability-related information is positively associated with SPS, which in turn contributes to overall product satisfaction.